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As new recombinant DNA technology continues to join with cellular and molecular immunology, the field of antibody engineering has become a flourishing discipline. Antibody genes are now being cloned, genetically manipulated, and expressed to produce antigen binding proteins. Recombinant Antibodies addresses this burgeoning field with its comprehensive survey of the developing possibilities for producing specific antibodies by combinatorial methods. Following a comprehensive introduction to the field, the book is divided into four parts: a detailed introduction to the underlying concepts of recombinant antibodies, a description of the various methods for the generation of recombinant antibodies, their production and purification, and various designs and applications of genetically engineered proteins. The combination of these techniques substantially extends the functionality of natural antibodies. In addition, the book will focus on: Hybridoma immortalization. Generation and functional screening of highly complex antibody gene libraries. Human monoclonal antibodies to highly toxic and pathogenic antigens. Improving specificity or affinity of antibodies. New agents for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Genetic fusions for the production of bi- and multifunctional molecules. Production of large quantities of recombinant antibodies. New methods of purification. Emerging technologies. Recombinant Antibodies is the first general overview of the emerging field of antibody engineering and will serve as the definitive source for researchers and engineers in biology and medicine, biochemistry, immunology, and molecular biology, as well as anyone who is interested in biotechnology and antibody engineering.
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• Preface
• Binding Properties of Antibodies to Bacterial Capsular Polysialic Acids: Implications to Vaccination Against Meningitis
• A Monoclonal Antibody Against a-Enolase Plasminogen Receptor with Inhibitory Properties: A Useful Tool to Study Pericellular Plasminogen Activation
• Quantitative Analysis of Antibody-Antigen Interactions Using Immobilised Ligands: Kinetic Exclusion Assays Are More Accurate than Surface Plasmon Resonance
• ABCIXIMAB
• Trastuzumab: The Experience of the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group (HeCOG)
• Dimenthyl Sulfoxide-induced Stimulation on Monoclonal Antibody Production is Regulated by P38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase in Hybridoma Cells
• Effect of Anti-Mouse Interleukin-6 Receptor Antibody in Autoimmune Mouse Models
• Index.
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This new and important international source of information brings together leading-edge research dedicated to monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are: antibodies of exceptional purity and specificity; components of the immune system; able to recognise and bind to a specific antigen. Monoclonal antibodies are currently utilised in many diagnostic procedures, including: measuring protein and drug levels in serum; typing tissue and blood; identifying infectious agents; identifying clusters of differentiation for the classification and follow-up therapy of leukaemias and lymphomas; identifying tumour antigens and auto-antibodies; identifying the specific cells involved in the immune response; identifying and quantifying hormones. For example, monoclonal antibodies (MABs or MOABs) work on cancer cells in the same way natural antibodies work, by identifying and binding to the target cells. They then alert other cells in the immune system to the presence of the cancer cells. MABs are specific for a particular antigen-one designed for a B-cell lymphoma will not work on cells for ovarian cancer cells for example.
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• Preparation of Rodent Monoclonal Antibodies by in vitro Somatic Hybridization
• Preparation of Recombinant Antibodies From Immune Rodent Spleens and the Design of Their Humanisation by CDR Grafting
• Selection of Antibodies From Phage Libraries of Immunoglobulin Genes
• Arm Complexes for in vitro Display and Evolution of Antibody Combining Sites
• Human Monoclonal Antibodies to Blood Group Antigens
• Laboratory Based Methods for Small-Scale Productions of Monoclonal Antibodies
• Isolation and Purification of Antibodies From Tissue Culture Supernatant
• Antibody Production in Plants
• Radiolabelling of Monoclonal Antibodies
• Non-Radioactive Antibody Probes
• Immunogold Probes for Light and Electron Microscopy
• Characterization of Cellular Antigens Using Monoclonal Antibodies
• Immunoassays
• Immunoaffinity Chromatography of Macromolecules
• Immunochemical Detection of BrdUrd-Labelled Nuclei for Monitoring Cell Kinetics
• Immunofluorescence Microscopy
• Analysis of Clinical Haematological Samples in Transplantation for Cancer
• Immunocytochemical Staining of Cells and Tissues for Diagnostic Applications
• Detection of Chemically Modified DNA in Lymphocytes of Patients Undergoing Chemotheraphy
• Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in Organ Transplantation
• Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis.
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Monoclonal Antibodies: A Practical Approach covers the preparation, testing, derivation, and applications of monoclonal antibodies. New immunological techniques incorporating tried and tested methodologies are described, making the book of interest to established and inexperienced immunologists. Both the standard somatic hybridization technique and recombinant techniques, including the use of phage libraries, for the preparation of rodent and human monoclonal antibodies are described. Protocols for both the small and large scale production are detailed, as well as purification and labelling (with both radioisotopes and non-radioisotopes) methods. The applications of monoclonal antibodies in immunoblotting, enzyme linked immunoassays, immunofluorescence, and FACS analysis are all covered in detail. Finally protocols are given for the use of monoclonal antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis, tissue typing, detecting DNA modified during chemotherapy, and in the clinical analysis of transplantation samples for malignancy. This book will therefore be an invaluable laboratory companion to anyone using monoclonal antibodies in their research.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction. The Antibody Response. Cellular Basis of the Immune System. Nature of Antigens. Antibody Structure and Function. Genetics of Antibodies. Introduction to Monoclonal Antibodies. Production of Monoclonal Antibodies. Purification. Fragmentation and Isotopic Labeling of Monoclonal Antibodies. Analysis of Antigens Recognized By Monoclonal Antibodies. Affinity Chromatography Immunofluorescence. Immunohistology. Construction, Screening and Expression of Recombinant Antibodies. Generation of Conventional Antibodies.
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Monoclonal Antibodies now have applications in virtually all areas of biology and medicine, and much of the world's biotechnology industry has its foundations in the exploitation of this technology. The Third Edition of this well established book meets the needs of both newcomers to the area and experienced researchers, by providing an integrated treatment of both the production and application of monoclonal antibodies. As in previous editions, detailed and critical accounts of the theory, production, purification, fragmentation, storage and radiolabelling of monoclonal antibodies are given, along with descriptions of their use in antigen characterization, affinity chromatography and immunofluorescence. The present volume has been comprehensively updated to cover recent rapid advances, particularly with respect to the applications of molecular biology, the use of antibodies in closing and heterologous expression of genes, immunohistology and phage display libraries. Since the previous edition, there has been a growing trend towards the replacement of procedures using radioactive isotopes, and the current edition incorporates these newer technologies. The text is oriented towards problems solving, and makes it easy to adapt each procedure to individual needs. Extensive cross-referencing, a glossary and a comprehensive index make this book an essential reference. This book will be vital both for laboratories already producing or using monoclonal antibodies, and for workers in many disciplines who are contemplating their use.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Accounts of the theory, production, purification, fragmentation, storage, and radiolabelling of monoclonal antibodies are given, along with descriptions of their use in antigen characterization, affinity chromatography, and immunoflourescence.
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• Introduction, H. Zola
• Making and using 'conventional' mouse monoclonal antibodies, P.J. Donohoe et al
• Human monoclonal antibodies from immortalized B cells, A.W. Hohmann et al
• Reconstruction of monoclonal antibodies by genetic engineering, J. Adair and.
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A review of what needs to be done to realise the potential of monoclonal antibodies. The book assesses the competing technologies with advice on the best approach for a particular situation.
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• 1. Overview of Monoclonal Antibodies
• 2. Physicochemical Characterisation of Monoclonal Antibodies
• 3. Glycosylation Analysis
• 4. The Use and Application of LC-MS-MS Petide Mapping Methodology for Primary Structure Confirmation, Sequence Variant Analysis and Comprehensive Analysis of Post-Translational Modifications
• 5. Separation Techniques for Characterization and Quantification of Antibody Purity
• 6. Higher Order Structure and Free Thiol
• 7. Advanced Structural Elucidation of New Antibody Formats by Mass Spectrometry.
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Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are naturally occurring complex biomolecules. New engineering methods have turned mAbs into a leading therapeutic modality for addressing immunotherapeutic challenges and led to the rise of mAbs as the dominant class of protein therapeutics. mAbs have already demonstrated a great potential in developing safe and reliable treatments for complex diseases and creating more affordable healthcare alternatives. Developing mAbs into well-characterized antibody therapeutics that meet regulatory expectations, however, is extremely challenging. Obstacles to overcome include the determination and development of physiochemical characteristics such as aggregation, fragmentation, charge variants, identity, carbohydrate structure, and higher-order structure (HOS). This book dives deep into mAbs structure and the array of physiochemical testing and characterization methods that need to be developed and validated to establish a mAb as a therapeutic molecule. The main focus of this book is on physiochemical aspects, including the importance of establishing quality attributes such as glycosylation, primary sequence, purity, and HOS and elucidating the structure of new antibody formats by mass spectrometry. Each of the aforementioned quality attributes has been discussed in detail; this will help scientists in researching and developing biopharmaceuticals and biosimilars to find practical solutions to physicochemical testing and characterization.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction: the immune response
• 2. Making hybridomas (hybridomas technology)
• 3. Factors affecting successful hybridoma production
• 4. Selection of monoclonal antibody-secreting hybridoma cell lines
• 5. The large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies in vitro
• 6. In conclusion: the diversity in application of monoclonal antibodies and hybridoma technology
• References
• Index.
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Monoclonal antibodies are one of the most exciting developments in biotechnology in recent years; this book provides a comprehensive description of principles, methodologies and applications of this powerful technology to modern science and industry. The immune system of the body, in particular the role of antibodies, is described; and details provided on the isolation of antibody-producing cells, how hybridomas are formed and maintained in culture such that the required antibody can be produced to a very high degree of purity. The material is presented in such a way that students, researchers and managers in research and development will be able to make choices as to which are the most suitable techniques for their particular requirements. The text is comprehensively referenced and, in short, the book is a necessary resource for all those who have the need to be involved in the production of monoclonal antibodies from hybridoma cells in culture.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Isolation and purification of immunoglobulins and specific antibodies. General structure of immunoglobulins. Antobody-antigen interaction. Structure and biological activities of the immunoglobulin classes. The control of antibody production.
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