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During the last decade, mechatronic systems have been found in many things and many experiences of our everyday lives. The word mechatronics was first used by the engineer Tetsuro Mori in Japan in 1969. Mechatronics is a multidisciplinary area of study combining mechanics, electronics, computers and automation. A synergistic collaboration among these fields of science involves a high potential for accomplishments and achievements now accessible to a wide variety of engineers. Mechatronic Systems: Design, Performance and Applications is a source of the latest research and technical notes in mechatronics. This book is useful for students, researchers, and all readers interested in this topic.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• High-k/Metal Gate Planar and Non-Planar Silicon CMOS Alternative Channel materials: SiGe, III-V Semiconductors 1D Materials: Carbon Nanotubes, Nanowires 2D Materials: Graphene, Dichalcogenides Tunnel FET Negative Capacitance FET THz Electronics NEM FET Mott FET Ferroelectric FET Piezotronic Transistors Spin FET BisFET.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Brings novel insights to a vibrant research area with high application potential?covering materials, physics, architecture, and integration aspects of future generation CMOS electronics technology Over the last four decades we have seen tremendous growth in semiconductor electronics. This growth has been fueled by the matured complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. This comprehensive book captures the novel device options in CMOS technology that can be realized using non-silicon semiconductors. It discusses germanium, III-V materials, carbon nanotubes and graphene as semiconducting materials for three-dimensional field-effect transistors. It also covers non-conventional materials such as nanowires and nanotubes. Additionally, nanoelectromechanical switches-based mechanical relays and wide bandgap semiconductor-based terahertz electronics are reviewed as essential add-on electronics for enhanced communication and computational capabilities. Advanced Nanoelectronics: Post-Silicon Materials and Devices begins with a discussion of the future of CMOS. It continues with comprehensive chapter coverage of: nanowire field effect transistors; two-dimensional materials for electronic applications; the challenges and breakthroughs of the integration of germanium into modern CMOS; carbon nanotube logic technology; tunnel field effect transistors; energy efficient computing with negative capacitance; spin-based devices for logic, memory and non-Boolean architectures; and terahertz properties and applications of GaN. -Puts forward novel approaches for future, state-of-the-art, nanoelectronic devices -Discusses emerging materials and architectures such as alternate channel material like germanium, gallium nitride, 1D nanowires/tubes, 2D graphene, and other dichalcogenide materials and ferroelectrics -Examines new physics such as spintronics, negative capacitance, quantum computing, and 3D-IC technology -Brings together the latest developments in the field for easy reference -Enables academic and R&D researchers in semiconductors to "think outside the box" and explore beyond silica An important resource for future generation CMOS electronics technology, Advanced Nanoelectronics: Post-Silicon Materials and Devices will appeal to materials scientists, semiconductor physicists, semiconductor industry, and electrical engineers.
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• 1. Wave Guides and Thin Films
• 2. Measurement by Lasers
• 3. Laser Chemistry
• 4. Applications in Environmental Pollution
• 5. Laser Material Processing
• 6. In the Construction Field
• 7. Some Aspects of Information Handling
• 8. Holography
• 9. Laser-Induced Thermonuclear Fusion
• 10. Lasers in the Military
• 11. The Laser in the Law and Order Program
• 12. Laser Safety
• 13. The New Laser Biology
• 14. Laser in Medicine
• 15. Laser Density
• 16. Training and Retraining in Laser technology
• 17. Laser Art and Music
• 18. Laser Photography
• 19. Social Conscience of the Laser or the Laser also goes into Battle for the Good-of-Man
• 20. The Future.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The laser's range of application is extraordinary. Arthur Schawlow says, "What instrument can shuck a bucket of oysters, correct typing errors, fuse atoms, lay a straight line for a garden bed, repair detached retinas, and drill holes in dia monds?"O The laser's specifically biomedical uses cover a similarly broad and interesting spectrum. In this book, I have endeavored to convey some of the fas cination that the laser has long held for me. It is my hope that both clinicians and researchers in the various medical and surgical specialties will find the book a use ful introduction. Biologists, particularly molecular biologists, should also find a great deal of relevant information herein. This volume's distinguished contributors provide admirably lucid discussions of laser principles, instrumentation, and current practice in their respective special ties. Safety, design, capabilities, and costs of various lasers are also reviewed. We have aimed to create a practical text that is comprehensive but not exhaustive. Our emphasis on the practical, rather than the esoteric, is dictated not only by the short history of biomedical laser use, but by the extent of the community to which this information will appeal.
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• Handbook of Large Turbo-Generator Operation and Maintenance; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; Part I: Theory, Construction, and Operation;
• Chapter 1: Principles of Operation of Synchronous Machines; 1.1 Introduction to Basic Notions on Electric Power; 1.1.1 Magnetism and Electromagnetism; 1.1.2 Electricity; 1.2 Electrical-Mechanical Equivalence; 1.3 Alternating Current (ac); 1.4 Three-Phase Circuits; 1.5 Basic Principles of Machine Operation; 1.5.1 Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction; 1.5.2 Ampere-Biot-Savart's Law of Electromagnetic-Induced Forces

• 1.5.3 Lenz's Law of Action and Reaction1.5.4 Electromechanical Energy Conversion; 1.6 The Synchronous Machine; 1.6.1 Background; 1.6.2 Principles of Construction; 1.6.3 Rotor Windings; 1.6.4 Stator Windings; 1.7 Basic Operation of the Synchronous Machine; 1.7.1 No-Load Operation; 1.7.2 Motor Operation; 1.7.3 Generator Operation; 1.7.4 Equivalent Circuit; 1.7.5 Machine Losses; Additional Reading;
• Chapter 2: Generator Design and Construction; 2.1 Stator Core; 2.1.1 General Construction Features; 2.1.2 Insulated versus Noninsulated Cores; 2.1.3 Cores Built with Consolidated ``Donutś́

• 2.1.4 Robotic versus Hand Core Stacking2.1.5 Core Stacking Pressure and Tightness; 2.2 Stator Frame; 2.2.1 General Construction Features; 2.2.2 Caged Core Design; 2.2.3 Grounding of Stator Frames; 2.3 Flux and Armature Reaction; 2.4 Electromagnetics; 2.5 End-Region Effects and Flux Shielding; 2.5.1 Stator Core-End Copper Flux Shields/Screens; 2.5.2 Stator Core-End Flux Shunts; 2.5.3 Combination Stator Core-End Flux Screens and Flux Shunts; 2.5.4 Stator Core-End Packet Stepping; 2.5.5 Stator Core-End Tooth Slitting; 2.5.6 Keybar Shorting Straps; 2.6 Stator Core and Frame Forces

• 2.7 Stator Windings2.7.1 Stator Winding Configuration and Installation Overview; 2.7.2 Overview of Stator Winding Design Considerations; 2.7.3 Fundamental Concepts; 2.7.4 Winding Structure; 2.7.5 Winding Specific Layouts; 2.7.6 Basic Formulae; 2.7.7 Conductor Bar Construction; 2.8 Stator Winding Wedges; 2.9 End-Winding Support Systems; 2.10 Stator Terminal Connections; 2.11 Rotor Forging; 2.12 Rotor Winding; 2.13 Rotor Winding Slot Wedges; 2.14 Amortisseur (Damper) Winding; 2.15 Retaining Rings; 2.16 Bore Copper and Terminal Connectors; 2.17 Slip/Collector Rings and Brush Gear

• 2.18 Rotor Couplings2.19 Rotor Turning Gear; 2.20 Bearings; 2.21 Air and Hydrogen Cooling; 2.21.1 Basic Cooling Arrangements; 2.22 Rotor Fans; 2.23 Hydrogen Containment; 2.23.1 Journal-Type Hydrogen Seals; 2.23.2 Thrust Collar-Type Hydrogen Seals; 2.24 Hydrogen Coolers; 2.25 Air Coolers; 2.26 Water-Cooled Rotors; References;
• Chapter 3: Generator Auxiliary Systems; 3.1 Lube-Oil System; 3.2 Hydrogen Cooling System; 3.3 Seal-Oil System; 3.4 Stator Cooling Water System; 3.4.1 System Components; 3.4.2 Stator Cooling Water Chemistry; 3.4.3 Stator Cooling Water System Conditions; 3.5 Exciter Systems

The comprehensive guide for large turbo-generator operation and maintenance The Handbook of Large Turbo-Generator Operation and Maintenance is an expanded 3rd edition of the authors' second edition of the same book. This updated revision covers additional topics on generators and provides more depth on existing topics. It is the ultimate resource for operators and inspectors of large utility and industrial generating facilities who deal with multiple units of disparate size, origin, and vintage. The book is also an excellent learning tool for students, consulting and design engineers. It offers the complete scope of information regarding operation and maintenance of all types of turbine-driven generators found in the world. Based on the authors' over eighty combined years of generating station and design work experience, the information presented in the book is designed to inform the reader about actual machine operational problems and failure modes that occur in generating stations and other types of facilities. Readers will find very detailed coverage of: Design and construction of generators and auxiliary systems Generator operation and control, including interaction with the grid Monitoring, diagnostics, and protection of turbo-generators Inspection practices for the stator, rotor, and auxiliary systems Maintenance testing, including electrical and non-destructive examination Ideas on maintenance strategies and life cycle management Additional topics on uprating of generators and long term storage are also included The Handbook of Large Turbo-Generator Operation and Maintenance comes packed with photos and graphs, commonly used inspection forms, and extensive references for each topic. It is an indispensable reference for anyone involved in the design, construction, operation, protection, maintenance, and troubleshooting of large generators in generating stations and industrial power facilities.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface xi
• Acknowledgments xiii
• 1 Introduction 1
• 1.1 History of Radome Development 4
• 1.2 Types of Radomes 6
• 1.2.1 Solid Laminate 6
• 1.2.2 Inflatable 7
• 1.2.3 Sandwich 8
• 1.2.4 Metal Space Frame 8
• 1.2.5 Dielectric Space Frame 10
• 1.3 Organization of the Book 10
• References 12
• 2 Sandwich Radomes 15
• 2.1 Transmission Line Analogy 16
• 2.2 Multilayer Analysis 17
• 2.3 Single Layer 22
• 2.4 A-Sandwich 28
• 2.5 B-Sandwich 31
• 2.6 C-Sandwich 33
• References 37
• Problems 37
• 3 Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS) Radomes 39
• 3.1 Scattering Analysis of Planar FSS 40
• 3.2 Scattering Analysis of Multilayer FSS Structures 62
• 3.3 Metamaterial Radomes 72
• References 86
• Problems 87
• 4 Airborne Radomes 89
• 4.1 PlaneWave Spectrum Combined with Surface Integration Technique 91
• 4.1.1 Multilevel Algorithm for Radiation Pattern Computation 103
• 4.2 Surface Integration Technique Based on Equivalence Principle 109
• 4.3 Volume Integration Formulation Methods 123
• 4.3.1 Solution Using Fast Multipole Method 126
• 4.4 Differential Equation Formulation Methods 132
• References 138
• Problems 141
• 5 Scattering fromInfinite Cylinders 145
• 5.1 Heterogeneous Beams-Volume Integral Equation Formulation 147
• 5.2 Homogeneous Beams-Surface Integral Equation Formulation 160
• 5.3 Conductive Beams-Surface Integral Equation Formulation 166
• 5.4 Tuned Beams-Surface Integral Equation Formulation 176
• 5.5 Scattering from Infinite Cylinders-Differential Equation Formulation 185
• References 194
• Problems 195
• 6 Ground-BasedRadomes 201
• 6.1 Scattering from an Individual Beam 203
• 6.2 Scattering Analysis of the Beams Assembly 206
• 6.2.1 Transmission Loss 211
• 6.2.2 Sidelobe Level Increment 211
• 6.2.3 Null Depth Increment 212
• 6.2.4 Beamwidth Change 212
• 6.2.5 Boresight Error 212
• 6.2.6 Boresight-Error Slope 213
• 6.2.7 Cross-Polarization Ratio 213
• 6.2.8 Antenna Noise Temperature 213
• 6.3 Geometry Optimization 215
• 6.4 Intermodulation Distortion in MSF Radomes 217
• 6.4.1 The IMP Effect in MSF Radomes 218
• References 220
• Problems 222
• 7 MeasurementMethods 225
• 7.1 Panel Measurements 226
• 7.2 Characterization of Forward-Scattering Parameters 227
• 7.2.1 Far-Field Probing 228
• 7.2.2 Near-Field Probing 234
• 7.2.3 Focused-Beam System 240
• References 252
• Problems 254
• Appendices 255
• A Vector Analysis 255
• A.1 Coordinate Transformations 255
• A.1.1 Azimuth over Elevation Positioner 256
• A.1.2 Elevation over Azimuth Positioner 257
• A.2 Vector Differential Operators 258
• B Dielectric Constants and Loss Tangent for Some Radome Materials 261
• C Basic Antenna Theory 263
• C.1 Vector Potentials 263
• C.2 Far-Field Approximation 267
• C.3 Directivity and Gain 269
• C.4 Antenna Noise Temperature 269
• C.5 Basic ArrayTheory 270
• D Conjugate Gradient Algorithm 273
• References 274
• Index 275.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Radome Electromagnetic Theory and Design explores the theoretical tools and methods required to design radomes that are fully transparent to the electromagnetic energy transmitted or received by the enclosed antenna. A radome is a weatherproof and camouflaged enclosure that protects the enclosed radar or communication antenna, and are typically used on a fixed or moving platform such as an aircraft, ship or missile. The author -- a noted expert in the field -- examines the theoretical methods that apply to all type of radomes: planar, conformal, airborne and ground based. The text offers a description of the various measurement methods that characterise the electrical parameters of a radome, and discusses their merits in terms of accuracy. This groundbreaking book brings together in one volume all the necessary theoretical tools to design radomes.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Diodes and Applications.
• 2. Bipolar Junction Transistors and Applications.
• 3. Field Effect Transistors and Applications.
• 4. Amplifiers, Comparators and Other Analog Circuits.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Electronics has undergone important and rapid developments over the last 60 years, which have generated a large range of theoretical and practical notions. This book presents a comprehensive treatise of the evolution of electronics for the reader to grasp both fundamental concepts and the associated practical applications through examples and exercises. This first volume of the Fundamentals of Electronics series comprises four chapters devoted to elementary devices, i.e. diodes, bipolar junction transistors and related devices, field effect transistors and amplifiers, their electrical models and the basic functions they can achieve. Volumes to come will deal with systems in the continuous time regime, the various aspects of sampling signals and systems using analog (A) and digital (D) treatments, quantized level systems, as well as DA and AD converter principles and realizations.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Front Cover; An Introduction to Organic Lasers; Copyright ; Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgements; Introduction;
• 1. Organic Semiconductors; 1
• .1. Recap on organic chemistry; 1
• .2. Quantum model of the atom; 1
• .3. Sigma (s) and pi (p) bonds; 1
• .4. Example of molecular orbitals for simple molecules; 1
• .5. Energy diagram of different types of hybridization; 1
• .6. Conjugate molecules; 1
• .7. Conjugate polymers; 1
• .8. Influence of conjugation length; 1
• .9. Electronic properties of organic materials; 1
• .10. Optical properties of organic semiconductors; 1
• .11. Losses in organic materials

• 1
• .12. Notions of photometry1
• .13. Concepts of colorimetry; 1
• .14. Conclusion;
• 2. Organic Light-emitting Diodes; 2
• .1. Operation of an OLED; 2
• .2. Injection of charge carriers; 2
• .3. Charge transport; 2
• .4. Recombinations of charges and generation of excitons; 2
• .5. Dopants (guests); 2
• .6. OLED fabrication techniques; 2
• .7. Characterization of an OLED's electroluminescence; 2
• .8. Current-voltage-luminance (J-V-L) characterization of an OLED heterostructure; 2
• .9. Conclusion;
• 3. Organic Lasers; 3
• .1. Principle behind lasers; 3
• .2. Laser effect in organic materials

• 3
• .3. Theoretical model of an organic semiconductor laser3
• .4. Optically pumped organic lasers; 3
• .5. A step toward the electrically pumped organic laser; 3
• .6. Conclusion;
• 4. Organic Plasmonics: Toward Organic Nanolasers; 4
• .1. Optical properties of metals; 4
• .2. What is a plasmon?; 4
• .3. Theoretical approach to the localized surface plasmon (LSP); 4
• .4. Parameters influencing the localized surface plasmon; 4
• .5. Plasmonic materials and their properties; 4
• .6. Optical properties of an emitter in the vicinity of a metallic NP; 4
• .7. Effect of LSP on the properties of organic sources: state of the art

• 4
• .8. A step toward an organic plasmonic laser?4
• .9. Conclusion; Conclusion; Appendix: A Brief History of Organic Lasers; Bibliography; Index; Back Cover

One of the biggest challenges of organic optoelectronics is the realization of the first organic laser diode (electrically pumped) which has a very strong potential for many applications. Similar to what happened in the field of inorganic optoelectronics when transforming LEDs into LDs, the race is on to transform an OLED into an OLD. This involves the development of innovative solutions to overcome the difficulties inherent in organic materials and the electric pump. This book presents the elements of physics, materials and technologies that allow us to understand the basics of organic lasers and to capture the progress made. It also provides guidance for future developments towards the organic laser diode.

• Preface xii About the Companion website xiv 1 Introduction: A Brief History of Thermodynamics 1 1.1 What is Thermodynamics? 1 1.2 Steam Engines 2 1.3 Heat Engines 7 1.4 Heat, Work and Energy 8 1.5 Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics 11 1.6 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 13 1.7 Entropy 15 Further Reading 17 2 Concepts and Definitions 18 2.1 Fundamental Concepts from Newtonian Mechanics 18 2.1.1 Length 19 2.1.2 Mass 19 2.1.3 Time 19 2.2 Derived Quantities: Velocity and Acceleration 19 2.3 Postulates: Newton s Laws 21 2.4 Mechanical Work and Energy 23 2.4.1 Potential Energy 25 2.4.2 Kinetic Energy 27 2.5 Thermodynamic Systems 29 2.5.1 Closed System 30 2.5.2 Open System 30 2.5.3 Isolated System 30 2.6 Thermodynamic Properties 31 2.6.1 Path Functions 32 2.6.2 Intensive and Extensive Properties 33 2.7 Steady State 35 2.8 Equilibrium 35 2.8.1 Mechanical Equilibrium 37 2.8.2 Thermal Equilibrium 37 2.8.3 Phase Equilibrium 37 2.9 State and Process 38 2.10 Quasi ]Equilibrium Process 39 2.11 Cycle 41 2.12 Solving Problems in Thermodynamics 43 2.13 Significant Digits and Decimal Places 43 Further Reading 44 Summary 44 Problems 46 3 Thermodynamic System Properties 49 3.1 Describing a Thermodynamic System 49 3.2 States of Pure Substances 50 3.3 Mass and Volume 51 3.4 Pressure 54 3.5 Temperature 56 3.6 Ideal Gas Equation 57 3.7 Absolute Temperature Scale 58 3.8 Modelling Ideal Gases 62 3.9 Internal Energy 64 3.10 Properties of Liquids and Solids 66 Further Reading 66 Summary 67 Problems 68 4 Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics 72 4.1 Energy 72 4.2 Forms of Energy 73 4.3 Energy Transfer 75 4.4 Heat 77 4.5 Work 78 4.5.1 Boundary Work 78 4.5.2 Flow Work 86 4.5.3 Shaft Work 87 4.5.4 Spring Work 89 4.5.5 Electrical Work 90 4.6 The First Law for a Control Mass 91 4.7 Enthalpy 95 4.8 Specific Heats 97 4.9 Specific Heats of Ideal Gases 99 4.10 Which should you use, cp or cv? 102 4.11 Ideal Gas Tables 106 4.12 Specific Heats of Liquids and Solids 108 4.13 Steady Mass Flow Through a Control Volume 110 4.14 The First Law for Steady Mass Flow Through a Control Volume 112 4.15 Steady Flow Devices 113 4.15.1 Turbines and Compressors 113 4.15.2 Pumps 115 4.15.3 Nozzles and Diffusers 116 4.16 Transient Analysis for Control Volumes 118 Further Reading 120 Summary 120 Problems 123 5 Entropy 133 5.1 Converting Heat to Work 133 5.2 A New Extensive Property: Entropy 135 5.3 Second Law of Thermodynamics 138 5.4 Reversible and Irreversible Processes 139 5.5 State Postulate 143 5.6 Equilibrium in a Gas 144 5.7 Equilibrium A Simple Example 149 5.8 Molecular Definition of Entropy 155 5.9 Third Law of Thermodynamics 157 5.10 Production of Entropy 157 5.11 Heat and Work: A Microscopic View 159 5.12 Order and Uncertainty 161 Further Reading 162 Summary 162 Problems 163 6 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 168 6.1 The Postulates of Classical Thermodynamics 168 6.2 Thermal Equilibrium and Temperature 169 6.3 Mechanical Equilibrium and Pressure 171 6.4 Gibbs Equation 173 6.5 Entropy Changes in Solids and Liquids 174 6.6 Entropy Changes in Ideal Gases 175 6.6.1 Constant Specific Heats 175 6.6.2 Ideal Gas Tables 177 6.7 Isentropic Processes in Ideal Gases 180 6.7.1 Constant Specific Heats 180 6.7.2 Ideal Gas Tables 183 6.8 Reversible Heat Transfer 185 6.9 T ]S Diagrams 187 6.10 Entropy Balance for a Control Mass 187 6.11 Entropy Balance for a Control Volume 190 6.12 Isentropic Steady Flow Devices 192 6.13 Isentropic Efficiencies 194 6.13.1 Isentropic Turbine Efficiency 194 6.13.2 Isentropic Nozzle Efficiency 195 6.13.3 Isentropic Pump and Compressor Efficiency 196 6.14 Exergy 198 6.14.1 Exergy of a Control Mass 199 6.14.2 Exergy of a Control Volume 201 6.15 Bernoulli s Equation 204 Further Reading 206 Summary 206 Problems 210 7 Phase Equilibrium 218 7.1 Liquid Vapour Mixtures 218 7.2 Phase Change 219 7.3 Gibbs Energy and Chemical Potential 221 7.4 Phase Equilibrium 223 7.5 Evaluating the Chemical Potential 225 7.6 Clausius Clapyeron Equation 225 7.7 Liquid Solid and Vapour Solid Equilibria 229 7.8 Phase Change on P ]v and T ]v Diagrams 231 7.9 Quality 234 7.10 Property Tables 235 7.11 Van der Waals Equation of State 247 7.12 Compressibility Factor 251 7.13 Other Equations of State 252 7.13.1 Redlich Kwong Equation of State 252 7.13.2 Virial Equation of State 253 Further Reading 255 Summary 255 Problems 257 8 Ideal Heat Engines and Refrigerators 267 8.1 Heat Engines 267 8.2 Perpetual Motion Machines 268 8.3 Carnot Engine 269 8.3.1 Two ]Phase Carnot Engine 273 8.3.2 Single Phase Carnot Engine 276 8.4 Refrigerators and Heat Pumps 278 8.4.1 Carnot Refrigerator 279 8.4.2 Carnot Heat Pump 283 8.5 Carnot Principles 285 Further Reading 288 Summary 288 Problems 289 9 Vapour Power and Refrigeration Cycles 294 9.1 Rankine Cycle 294 9.2 Rankine Cycle with Superheat and Reheat 299 9.3 Rankine Cycle with Regeneration 305 9.3.1 Open Feedwater Heater 305 9.3.2 Closed Feedwater Heater 310 9.4 Vapour Refrigeration Cycle 312 Further Reading 316 Summary 316 Problems 318 10 Gas Power Cycles 324 10.1 Internal Combustion Engines 324 10.2 Otto Cycle 325 10.3 Diesel Cycle 331 10.4 Gas Turbines 334 10.5 Brayton Cycle 336 10.6 Brayton Cycle with Regeneration, Reheat and Intercooling 340 10.6.1 Regeneration 340 10.6.2 Reheat 342 10.6.3 Intercooling 344 Further Reading 345 Summary 345 Problems 346 Appendices 351
• Appendix 1: Properties of Gases 351
• Appendix 2: Properties of Solids 352
• Appendix 3: Properties of Liquids 353
• Appendix 4: Specific Heats of Gases 354
• Appendix 5: Polynomial Relations for Ideal Gas Specific Heat as a Function of Temperature 355
• Appendix 6: Critical Properties of Fluids 356
• Appendix 7: Ideal Gas Tables for Air 357
• Appendix 8: Properties of Water 360
• Appendix 9: Properties of R ]134a 373
• Appendix 10: Generalised Compressibility 379 Index 381.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Textbook concisely introduces engineering thermodynamics, covering concepts including energy, entropy, equilibrium and reversibility * Novel explanation of entropy and the second law of thermodynamics * Presents abstract ideas in an easy to understand manner * Includes solved examples and end of chapter problems * Accompanied by a website hosting a solutions manual.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• INTRODUCTION TRANSITION METAL OXIDES Atomic Structures of Selected Binary, Ternary Oxides Deposition Techniques Thermodynamics of Oxidation, Ellingham Diagram Electronic Structure and Conduction Correlated Electrons Ionic Conduction RESISTIVE SWITCHING Device Structure Unipolar Switching: Forming, Set/Reset Operations Bipolar Switching: Forming, Set/Reset Operations Coexistence of Unipolar/Bipolar Switching Filamentary Switching and Atomic Force Microscopy Analysis Interface Switching Threshold and Memory Switching Time Dependence of Set/Reset Resistance Dependence of Set/Reset SWITCHING MECHANISMS AND MODELS Unipolar Switching: Set/Reset Mechanisms and Models Bipolar Switching: Set/Reset Mechanisms and Models Modeling of Resistance Dependence (Filament Size and Gap) Modeling of Time Dependence Modeling of Set Current Dependence Overshoot and Parasitic Effects Material Dependence and Universal Switching MEMORY RELIABILITY Read Disturb and The Time-Voltage Dilemma Data Retention 1/f and Random Telegraph Signal Noise Switching Variability and Set/Reset Algorithms Reset Current Reduction Set/Reset Instability Cycling Endurance MEMORY CELL STRUCTURES MIM Structures Bilayered Structures Lighting-Rod Structures Contact RRAM Complementary Resistance Switch (CRS) Multilevel Cells Alternative Materials: OxRRAM, PoRRAM, CBRAM Bottom-Up Approaches: Nanotubes, Nanowires and Self-Assembly MEMORY ARCHITECTURES Crossbar Array Diode Selectors Transistor Selectors 1T1R Architectures CMOL Scaling Issues (Series Resistance, Programming Cross Talk, 3D Stacking Issues) LOGIC GATES The Memristor Crossbar Latch Data Restoration IMP Function STDP in Memristor Gates CONCLUSIONS.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

With its comprehensive coverage, this reference introduces readers to the wide topic of resistance switching, providing the knowledge, tools, and methods needed to understand, characterize and apply resistive switching memories. Starting with those materials that display resistive switching behavior, the book explains the basics of resistive switching as well as switching mechanisms and models. An in-depth discussion of memory reliability is followed by chapters on memory cell structures and architectures, while a section on logic gates rounds off the text. An invaluable self-contained book for materials scientists, electrical engineers and physicists dealing with memory research and development.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface xvii Chapter 1. Interdisciplinary Mechatronics Engineering Science and the Evolution of Human Friendly and Adaptive Mechatronics 1 Maki K. HABIB 1.1. Introduction 2 1.2. Synergetic thinking, learning and innovation in mechatronics design 9 1.3. Human adaptive and friendly mechatronics 11 1.4. Conclusions 14 1.5. Bibliography 15 Chapter 2. Micro-Nanomechatronics for Biological Cell Analysis and Assembly 19 Toshio FUKUDA, Masahiro NAKAJIMA, Masaru TAKEUCHI, Tao YUE and Hirotaka TAJIMA 2.1. Introduction of micro-nanomechatronics on biomedical fields 19 2.2. Configuration of micro-nanomechatronics 21 2.3. Micro-nanomechatronics for single cell analysis 25 2.4. Semi-closed microchip for single cell analysis 28 2.5. Biological cell assembly using photo-linkable resin based on the single cell analysis techniques 30 2.6. Conclusion 33 2.7. Acknowledgments 34 2.8. Bibliography 34 Chapter 3. Biologically Inspired CPG-Based Locomotion Control System of a Biped Robot Using Nonlinear Oscillators with Phase Resetting 37 Shinya AOI 3.1. Introduction 37 3.2. Locomotion control system using nonlinear oscillators 38 3.3. Stability analysis using a simple biped robot model 41 3.4. Experiment using biped robots 58 3.5. Conclusion 64 3.6. Acknowledgments 65 3.7. Bibliography 65 Chapter 4. Modeling a Human's Learning Processes toward Continuous Learning Support System 69 Tomohiro YAMAGUCHI, Kouki TAKEMORI and Keiki TAKADAMA 4.1. Introduction 70 4.2. Designing the continuous learning by a maze model 76 4.3. The layout design of mazes for the continuous learning task 82 4.3.1. Overview of the continuous learning support system 82 4.3.2. The layout design of mazes on the thinking level space 83 4.4. Experiment 85 4.5. Discussions 88 4.5.1. The role of motivations to drive the continuous learning 88 4.6. Conclusions 92 4.7. Acknowledgments 93 4.8. Bibliography 93 Chapter 5. PWM Waveform Generation Using Pulse-Type Hardware Neural Networks 95 Ken SAITO, Minami TAKATO, Yoshifumi SEKINE and Fumio UCHIKOBA 5.1. Introduction 96 5.2. PWM servo motor 97 5.3. Pulse-type hardware neuron model 99 5.4. Pulse-type hardware neural networks 104 5.5. Measurements of constructed discrete circuit 108 5.6. Conclusion 109 5.7. Acknowledgments 109 5.8. Bibliography 110 Chapter 6. Parallel Wrists: Limb Types, Singularities and New Perspectives 113 Raffaele DI GREGORIO 6.1. Limb architectures and mobility analysis 113 6.2. Singularities and performance indices 124 6.3. New perspectives 139 6.4. Bibliography 142 Chapter 7. A Robot-Assisted Rehabilitation System
• RehabRoby 145 Duygun EROL BARKANA and Fatih OZKUL 7.1. Introduction 145 7.2. Background 146 7.3. Control architecture 149 7.4. RehabRoby 150 7.5. Controllers of RehabRoby 155 7.6. Concluding remarks 158 7.7. Acknowledgments 159 7.8. Bibliography 159 Chapter 8. MIMO Actuator Force Control of a Parallel Robot for Ankle Rehabilitation 163 Andrew MCDAID, Yun HO TSOI and Shengquan XIE 8.1. Introduction 163 8.2. Ankle rehabilitation robot 167 8.2.1. Design requirements 168 8.3. Actuator force control 176 8.4. Experimental results 198 8.5. Concluding remarks 204 8.6. Bibliography 205 Chapter 9. Performance Evaluation of a Probe Climber for Maintaining Wire Rope 209 Akihisa TABATA, Emiko HARA and Yoshio AOKI 9.1. Introduction 209 9.2. Optimize friction drive conditions using a prototype probe climber 210 9.3. Impact of different surface friction materials for friction pulley made on elevation performance 213 9.4. Damage detection test of elevator wire rope 216 9.5. Damage detection through signal processing 218 9.6. Integrity evaluation of wire rope through MFL strength 219 9.7. Damage detection of wire rope using neural networks 224 9.8. Conclusion 224 9.9. Bibliography 225 Chapter 10. Fundamentals on the Use of Shape Memory Alloys in Soft Robotics 227 Matteo CIANCHETTI 10.1. Introduction 228 10.2. Shape memory effect and superelastic effect 230 10.3. SMA thermomechanical behavior 231 10.4. SMA constitutive models 234 10.5. Hints on SMA thermomechanical testing 235 10.6. Design principles 237 10.7. Fabrication methods 243 10.8. Activation methods and control design 244 10.9. Applications in Soft Robotics 248 10.10. Conclusions 251 10.11. Bibliography 252 Chapter 11. Tuned Modified Transpose Jacobian Control of Robotic Systems 255 S. A. A. MOOSAVIAN and M. KARIMI 11.1. Introduction 256 11.2. TMTJ control law 257 11.3. Obtained results and discussions 265 11.3.1. Fixed base manipulator 265 11.3.2. Mobile base manipulator 269 11.4. Conclusions 272 11.5. Bibliography 273 Chapter 12. Derivative-Free Nonlinear Kalman Filtering for PMSG Sensorless Control 277 Gerasimos RIGATOS, Pierluigi SIANO and Nikolaos ZERVOS 12.1. Introduction 277 12.2. Dynamic model of the permanent magnet synchronous generator 279 12.3. Lie algebra-based design of nonlinear state estimators 282 12.4. Differential flatness for nonlinear dynamical systems 288 12.5. Differential flatness of the PMSG 293 12.6. Robust state estimation-based control of the PMSG 296 12.7. Estimation of PMSG disturbance input with Kalman filtering 298 12.8. Simulation experiments 302 12.9. Conclusions 307 12.10. Bibliography 308 Chapter 13. Construction and Control of Parallel Robots 313 Moharam HABIBNEJAD KORAYEM, Soleiman MANTEGHI and Hami TOURAJIZADEH 13.1. Introduction 313 13.2. A parallel robot mechanism 315 13.3. Actuators 324 13.4. Sensors 328 13.5. Data transfer protocol 342 13.6. Graphical user interface (GUI) 347 13.7. Result and verifications 357 13.8. Conclusion 362 13.9. Bibliography 364 Chapter 14. A Localization System for Mobile Robot Using Scanning Laser and Ultrasonic Measurement 369 Kai LIU, Hongbo LI and Zengqi SUN 14.1. Introduction 369 14.2. System configuration 371 14.3. Implementation 373 14.4. Experimental results 377 14.5. Conclusion 382 14.6. Acknowledgments 383 14.7. Bibliography 383 Chapter 15. Building of Open-Structure Wheel-Based Mobile Robotic Platform 385 Aleksandar RODIAe and Ivan STOJKOVIAe 15.1. Introduction 385 15.2. State of the art 386 15.3. Configuring of the experimental system 389 15.4. Modeling and simulation of the system 394 15.5. Motion planning and control 403 15.6. Simulation and experimental testing 409 15.7. Concluding remarks 416 15.8. Acknowledgments 417 15.9. Bibliography 417 15.10. Appendix 421 Chapter 16. Design and Physical Implementation of Holonomous Mobile Robot
• Holbos 423 Jasmin VELAGIC, Admir KAKNJO, Faruk DAUTOVIC, Muhidin HUJDUR and Nedim OSMIC 16.1. Introduction 423 16.2. Locomotion of holonomous mobile robot 424 16.3. Mechanical design 430 16.4. Electrical design 431 16.5. Results 444 16.6. Conclusion 447 16.7. Bibliography 448 Chapter 17. Advanced Artificial Vision and Mobile Devices for New Applications in Learning, Entertainment and Cultural Heritage Domains 451 Gian Luca FORESTI, Niki MARTINEL, Christian MICHELONI and MARCO VERNIER 17.1. Introduction 451 17.2. Chapter contributions 455 17.3. Mobile devices for education purposes 456 17.4. Image processing supports HCI in museum application 461 17.5. Back to the Future: a 3D image gallery 471 17.6. Conclusions and future works 477 17.7. Bibliography 477 Chapter 18. Application of Stereo Vision and ARM Processor for Motion Control 483 Moharam HABIBNEJAD KORAYEM, Michal IRANI and Saeed RAFEE NEKOO 18.1. Introduction 483 18.2. Stereo vision 486 18.3. Triangulation 487 18.4. End-effector orientation 490 18.5. Experimental setup and results 492 18.6. Summary 497 18.7. Bibliography 498 Chapter 19. Mechatronics as Science and Engineering
• or Both 501 Balan PILLAI and Vesa SALMINEN 19.1. Introduction 501 19.2. Theories and methods of design, planning and manufacturing 504 19.3. Complexity versus complicatedness 506 19.4. Benefits of fast product developments 513 19.5. Nature of product development process 516 19.6. Planning the timetable of a product design project 518 19.7. Designing the product concept 520 19.8. Enhancing conceptual design 520 19.9. Interaction between the parts of the machine 523 19.10. Effect of the strength of interaction between product parts and development speed 524 19.11. Definition of product and service 527 19.12. The case studies 529 19.13. Networking systems and learning mechanism 531 19.14. Model-based methodology: an implemented case 536 19.15. Conclusions 540 19.16. Bibliography 541 Chapter 20. A Mechatronic Platform for Robotic Educational Activities 543 Ioannis KOSTAVELIS, Evangelos BOUKAS, Lazaros NALPANTIDIS and Antonios GASTERATOS 20.1. Introduction 543 20.2. System overview 545 20.3. Educational activities 554 20.4. Experiences from educational activities 561 20.5. Conclusions 565 20.6. Acknowledgments 565 20.7. Bibliography 566 Chapter 21. The Importance of Practical Activities in the Formation of Mechatronic Engineers 569 Joao Carlos M. CARVALHO and Vera Lucia D.S. FRANCO 21.1. Introduction 569 21.2. Curricular and extracurricular practical activities 575 21.3. Undergraduate course of Mechatronics Engineering at the Federal University of Uberlandia/Brazil 580 21.4. Discussions 588 21.5. Conclusions 590 21.6. Bibliography 591 List of Authors 593 Index 599.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Mechatronics represents a unifying engineering science paradigm and an interdisciplinary knowledge area that addresses interactions in terms of ways of working and thinking, practical experiences, and theoretical knowledge. This book examines how, for instance, mechatronics engineering and mechatronics science are about different things. It addresses the ways by which mechatronics thinkers can play a major role in closing the gap between these two areas, while mechatronics engineering education can produce versatile and innovative engineers who can work in a challenging and complex high-technology environment.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part I: Structure, main properties, metals, magnetics
• 1. Electronics materials structure
• 2. Mechanical properties of solids
• 3. Thermal properties of solids
• 4. Quasi-particles in solids
• 5. Metals
• 6. Magnetics Part II: Semiconductors, dielectrics, phase transitions
• 7. Semiconductors
• 8. Dielectrics-insulators
• 9. Active dielectrics
• 10. Phase transitions.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Mechanical and thermal properties are reviewed and electrical and magnetic properties are emphasized. Basics of symmetry and internal structure of crystals and the main properties of metals, dielectrics, semiconductors, and magnetic materials are discussed. The theory and modern experimental data are presented, as well as the specifications of materials that are necessary for practical application in electronics. The modern state of research in nanophysics of metals, magnetic materials, dielectrics and semiconductors is taken into account, with particular attention to the influence of structure on the physical properties of nano-materials. The book uses simplified mathematical treatment of theories, while emphasis is placed on the basic concepts of physical phenomena in electronic materials. Most chapters are devoted to the advanced scientific and technological problems of electronic materials; in addition, some new insights into theoretical facts relevant to technical devices are presented. Electronic Materials is an essential reference for newcomers to the field of electronics, providing a fundamental understanding of important basic and advanced concepts in electronic materials science.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Front Cover; Advanced Gear Manufacturing and Finishing; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; 1 Introduction to Gear Engineering; 1.1 Introduction and History of Gears; 1.1.1 Introduction; 1.1.2 History; 1.2 Classification and Gear Types; 1.2.1 Parallel-Shaft Gears; 1.2.2 Intersecting-Shaft Gears; 1.2.3 Nonparallel Nonintersecting-Shaft Gears; 1.2.4 Some Special Gear Types; 1.3 Gear Terminology; 1.3.1 Standard Gear Tooth Proportions; 1.4 Gear Materials; 1.4.1 Ferrous Metals and Alloys; 1.4.1.1 Cast Iron; 1.4.1.2 Steel; 1.4.2 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys; 1.4.2.1 Copper Alloys

• 1.4.2.2 Aluminum Alloy1.4.3 Nonmetals; 1.5 Gear Manufacture; 1.5.1 Conventional Gear Manufacturing; 1.5.2 Conventional Gear Finishing; 1.5.3 Advances in Gear Manufacturing and Finishing; References; 2 Conventional Manufacturing of Cylindrical Gears; 2.1 Subtractive or Material Removal Processes; 2.1.1 Form Cutting; 2.1.1.1 Gear Milling; 2.1.1.2 Gear Broaching; 2.1.1.3 Gear Cutting on a Shaper; 2.1.1.4 Shear Cutting; 2.1.2 Generative Processes; 2.1.2.1 Gear Hobbing; 2.1.2.1.1 Axial Hobbing; 2.1.2.1.2 Radial Hobbing; 2.1.2.1.3 Tangential Hobbing; 2.1.2.2 Gear Shaping; 2.1.2.3 Gear Planing

• 2.2 Forming Processes2.2.1 Stamping and Fine Blanking; 2.2.2 Extrusion and Cold Drawing; 2.2.3 Gear Rolling; 2.2.4 Gear Forging; 2.3 Additive Processes; 2.3.1 Gear Casting; 2.3.2 Powder Metallurgy; 2.3.3 Injection Molding of Plastic Gears; References; 3 Manufacturing of Conical and Noncircular Gears; 3.1 Manufacturing of Conical Gears by Machining; 3.1.1 Generative Machining Processes for Conical Gears; 3.1.1.1 Face Milling; 3.1.1.2 Face Hobbing; 3.1.1.3 Generation by Interlocking Cutters; 3.1.1.4 Generation by Revacycle Cutters; 3.1.1.5 Shaping by Two-Tool Generators

• 3.1.1.6 Planning Generators3.1.2 Nongenerative Machining Processes for Conical Gears; 3.1.2.1 Formate Machining; 3.1.2.2 Helixform Machining; 3.1.2.3 Template Machining and Cyclex Machining; 3.2 Manufacturing of Noncircular Gears; References; 4 Advances in Gear Manufacturing; 4.1 Subtractive or Material Removal Processes; 4.1.1 Laser Machining; 4.1.1.1 Introduction; 4.1.1.2 Working Principle, Process Mechanism, and Significant Process Parameters; 4.1.1.3 Laser Systems for Gear Manufacturing; 4.1.2 Abrasive Water Jet Machining; 4.1.2.1 History and Developments

• 4.1.2.2 Working Principle, Process Mechanism, and Significant Process Parameters4.1.2.3 Machining of Gears by Abrasive Water Jet Machining; 4.1.2.4 Advantages of Abrasive Water Jet Machining for Gear Manufacturing; 4.1.3 Spark Erosion Machining; 4.1.3.1 Introduction and History; 4.1.3.2 Manufacturing of Gears by Wire Spark Erosion Machining Processes; 4.1.3.2.1 Working Principle and Significant Process Parameters; 4.1.3.2.2 Mechanism of Material Removal; 4.1.3.3 Recent Investigations; 4.1.3.4 Advantages, Capabilities, and Limitations; 4.2 Additive or Accretion Processes

• The What and Why of RFI in Radio and Wireless Communications
• The Radiocommunication System in an Interference-limited Environment
• Key Concepts of Evaluating Radio Frequency Interference
• Link Properties Under Free Space Conditions
• Propagation on Obstructed Paths
• Interference Protection Radio (C/I) and Its Application
• RFI Resolution and Mitigation Techniques
• How to Identify, Prevent, and Fix Common RFI problems
• Prospective RFI Resolution in Future Radiocommunication Systems.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This authoritative resource describes how to assess and mitigate RF interference in radio systems and presents effective methods to identify and resolve RFI before, during and after its appearance.Authored by a leading authority in the field, this book provides engineers and managers with the knowledge they need in the introduction of Radio Frequency Interference. Readers find practical guidance in an array of critical areas, including engineering of radiocommunication and wireless systems in light of RFI, identifying RF modes, electromagnetic compatibility and spectrum sharing. Key concepts in evaluating radio frequency interference, propagation on obstructed paths, interference protection radio and RFI resolution and mitigation techniques are covered in this book. This book concludes with prospective for RFI resolution in future radiocommunication systems.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Master the art of advanced VoIP and WebRTC communication with the most dynamic application server, FreeSWITCH About This Book * Forget the hassle - make FreeSWITCH work for you * Discover how FreeSWITCH integrates with a range of tools and APIs * From high availability to IVR development use this book to become more confident with this useful communication software Who This Book Is For SysAdmins, VoIP engineers - whoever you are, whatever you're trying to do, this book will help you get more from FreeSWITCH. What You Will Learn * Get to grips with the core concepts of FreeSWITCH * Learn FreeSWITCH high availability * Work with SIP profiles, gateways, ITSPs, and Codecs optimization * Implement effective security on your projects * Master audio manipulation and recording * Discover how FreeSWITCH works alongside WebRTC * Build your own complex IVR and PBX applications * Connect directly to PSTN/TDM * Create your own FreeSWITCH module * Trace SIP packets with the help of best open source tools * Implement Homer Sipcapture to troubleshoot and debug all your platform traffic In Detail FreeSWITCH is one of the best tools around if you're looking for a modern method of managing communication protocols through a range of different media. From real-time browser communication with the WebRTC API to implementing VoIP (voice over internet protocol), with FreeSWITCH you're in full control of your projects. This book shows you how to unlock its full potential - more than just a tutorial, it's packed with plenty of tips and tricks to make it work for you. Written by members of the team who actually helped build FreeSWITCH, it will guide you through some of the newest features of version 1.6 including video transcoding and conferencing. Find out how FreeSWITCH interacts with other tools and APIs, learn how to tackle common (and not so common) challenges ranging from high availability to IVR development and programming advanced PBXs. Great communication functionality begins with FreeSWITCH - find out how and get your project up and running today. Style and approach Find out how it works, then put your knowledge into practice - that's how this advanced FreeSWITCH guide has been designed to help you learn. You'll soon master FreeSWITCH and be confident using it in your projects.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 100.0 PURPOSE & SCOPE 1 101.0 Purpose 1 102.0 Scope 1 200.0 DEFINITION AND DESCRIPTION OF TERMS 3 300.0 TEST PLANNING 18 301.0 General Guidance 18 302.0 Communication 18 400.0 INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF MEASUREMENT 19 401.0 Minimum Instrumentation for Checking Compressor Performance 19 402.0 The Ideal Beginning 19 403.0 Schematic of Test Piping and Instrumentation 20 404.0 When Should Tests be Conducted? 20 405.0 Test Planning 20 405.1 Test Codes 21 405.2 Equipment 21 405.3 Process Considerations 22 405.4 Safety 22 405.5 Environmental Considerations 22 405.6 Pre-Test Inspection of Physical Facilities 22 406.0 Conducting the Test 23 407.0 Duration of Test Points 24 408.0 Selecting Instruments and Methods of Measurement 25 409.0 Testing Methods25 409.1 Pressure and Temperature Measurement 25 409.2 Gas Component Measurement27 409.3 Flow Measurement27 409.4 Power Measurement 28 409.5 Speed Measurement 29 500.0 TEST PROCEDURE 30 501.0 Site Test 30 502.0 Test Planning 30 503.0 Test Measurements 31 504.0 Test Procedure 32 600.0 COMPUTATION OF RESULTS 34 700.0 EVALUATION OF RESULTS35 701.0 Guidelines for Field Modifications 35 702.0 Error Analysis with Example 36 800.0
• APPENDIX 40 801.0 Applicable Codes and Specifications 40 802.0 List of Symbols and Notations 41-42 803.0 Subscripts 42 804.0 Results of Sample Performance Test 43.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The book presents a step by step approach to preparing for, planning, executing, and analyzing tests of centrifugal compressors, with an emphasis on methods that can be conducted on-site and with an acknowledgement of the strengths and limitations of these methods. The book opens with an extensive and detailed section offering definitions of relevant terms, which are explained not only in words, but also with the equations used to determine their values.The book then goes on to address: Selection of instrumentation and identification of elements to be measured; Strategies for data collection and evaluation; Recommendations for when to schedule tests; Pre-test, in-test, and post-test considerations (equipment, safety, process, environmental); and Computation and interpretation of results, including guidelines for field modifications and analysis of results.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• General Information, Construction, Pipe Design, Electrical Design, Hydrostatic Testing, Pipeline Drying, Control Valves, Corrosion/Coatings, Gas-General, Gas-Compression, Gas-Hydraulics, Liquids-General, Liquids-Hydraulics, Pumps, Measurement, Instrumentation, Leak Detection, Tanks, Maintenance, Economics, Rehabilitation-Risk Evaluation, Conversion Factors, Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Presented in easy-to-use, step-by-step order, Pipeline Rules of Thumb Handbook is a quick reference for day-to-day pipeline operations. For more than 35 years, the Pipeline Rules of Thumb Handbook has served as the "go-to" reference for solving even the most day-to-day vexing pipeline workflow problems. Now in its eighth edition, this handbook continues to set the standard by which all other piping books are judged. Along with over 30% new or updated material regarding codes, construction processes, and equipment, this book continues to offer hundreds of "how-to" methods and handy formulas for pipeline construction, design, and engineering and features a multitude of calculations to assist in problem solving, directly applying the rules and equations for specific design and operating conditions to illustrate correct application, all in one convenient reference. For the first time in this new edition, we are taking the content and data off the page and adding a new dimension of practical value for you with online interactive features to accompany some of the handiest and most useful material from the book: Interactive tables that takes data from the book and turns them into a sortable spreadsheet format that gives you the ability to perform your own basic filtering functions, show/hide columns of just the data that is important to you, and download the table into an Excel spreadsheet for additional use A graph digitizer which pulls a graph from the book and gives you the power to plot your own lines on the existing graph, see all the relative x/y coordinates of the graph, and name and color code your lines for clarity A converter calculator performing basic conversions from the book such as metric conversions, time, temperature, length, power and more Please feel free to visit the site: http://booksite.elsevier.com/9780123876935/index.php, and we hope you will find our features as another useful and efficient tool for you in your day-to-day activity.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• About the Authors xiv Preface xvi
• 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Aim and Significance of Radar Data Processing 1 1.2 Basic Concepts in Radar Data Processing 2 1.3 Design Requirements and Main Technical Indexes of Radar Data Processors 9 1.4 History and Present Situation of Research in Radar Data Processing Technology 12 1.5 Scope and Outline of the Book 14
• 2 Parameter Estimation 20 2.1 Introduction 20 2.2 The Concept of Parameter Estimation 20 2.3 Four Basic Parameter Estimation Techniques 23 2.4 Properties of Estimators 26 2.5 Parameter Estimation of Static Vectors 28 2.6 Summary 33
• 3 Linear Filtering Approaches 34 3.1 Introduction 34 3.2 Kalman Filter 34 3.3 Steady-State Kalman Filter 48 3.4 Summary 52
• 4 Nonlinear Filtering Approaches 53 4.1 Introduction 53 4.2 Extended Kalman Filter 53 4.3 Unscented Kalman Filter 58 4.4 Particle Filter 65 4.5 Summary 71
• 5 Measurement Preprocessing Techniques 72 5.1 Introduction 72 5.2 Time Registration 72 5.3 Space Registration 75 5.4 Radar Error Calibration Techniques 88 5.5 Data Compression Techniques 89 5.6 Summary 93
• 6 Track Initiation in Multi-target Tracking 95 6.1 Introduction 95 6.2 The Shape and Size of Track Initiation Gates 96 6.3 Track Initiation Algorithms 100 6.4 Comparison and Analysis of Track Initiation Algorithms 109 6.5 Discussion of Some Issues in Track Initiation 116 6.6 Summary 117
• 7 Maximum Likelihood Class Multi-target Data Association Methods 118 7.1 Introduction 118 7.2 Track-Splitting Algorithm 118 7.3 Joint Maximum Likelihood Algorithm 123 7.4 0
• 1 Integer Programming Algorithm 126 7.5 Generalized Correlation Algorithm 130 7.6 Summary 137
• 8 Bayesian Multi-target Data Association Approach 138 8.1 Introduction 138 8.2 Nearest-Neighbor Algorithm 138 8.3 Probabilistic Data Association Algorithm 141 8.4 Integrated Probabilistic Data Association Algorithm 152 8.5 Joint Probabilistic Data Association Algorithm 154 8.6 Summary 167
• 9 Tracking Maneuvering Targets 169 9.1 Introduction 169 9.2 Tracking Algorithm with Maneuver Detection 170 9.3 Adaptive Tracking Algorithm 174 9.4 Performance Comparison of Maneuvering Target Tracking Algorithms 189 9.5 Summary 201
• 10 Group Target Tracking 203 10.1 Introduction 203 10.2 Basic Methods for Track Initiation of the Group Target 204 10.3 The Gray Fine Track Initiation Algorithm for Group Targets 214 10.4 Centroid Group Tracking 233 10.5 Formation Group Tracking 238 10.6 Performance Analysis of Tracking Algorithms for Group Targets 240 10.7 Summary 246
• 11 Multi-target Track Termination Theory and Track Management 250 11.1 Introduction 250 11.2 Multi-target Track Termination Theory 250 11.3 Track Management 258 11.4 Summary 275
• 12 Passive Radar Data Processing 276 12.1 Introduction 276 12.2 Advantages of Passive Radars 276 12.3 Passive Radar Spatial Data Association 278 12.4 Optimal Deployment of Direction-Finding Location 289 12.5 Passive Location Based on TDOA Measurements 299 12.6 Summary 303
• 13 Pulse Doppler Radar Data Processing 304 13.1 Introduction 304 13.2 Overview of PD Radar Systems 304 13.3 Typical Algorithms of PD Radar Tracking 307 13.4 Performance Analysis on PD Radar Tracking Algorithms 321 13.5 Summary 331
• 14 Phased Array Radar Data Processing 332 14.1 Introduction 332 14.2 Characteristics and Major Indexes 333 14.3 Structure and Working Procedure 334 14.4 Data Processing 336 14.5 Performance Analysis of the Adaptive Sampling Period Algorithm 355 14.6 Summary 361
• 15 Radar Network Error Registration Algorithm 362 15.1 Introduction 362 15.2 The Composition and Influence of Systematic Errors 362 15.3 Fixed Radar Registration Algorithm 366 15.4 Mobile Radar Registration Algorithm 380 15.5 Summary 402
• 16 Radar Network Data Processing 405 16.1 Introduction 405 16.2 Performance Evaluation Indexes of Radar Networks 406 16.3 Data Processing of Monostatic Radar Networks 408 16.4 Data Processing of Bistatic Radar Networks 413 16.5 Data Processing of Multistatic Radar Networks 420 16.6 Track Association 423 16.7 Summary 426
• 17 Evaluation of Radar Data Processing Performance 427 17.1 Introduction 427 17.2 Basic Terms 428 17.3 Data Association Performance Evaluation 429 17.4 Performance Evaluation of Tracking 432 17.5 Evaluation of the Data Fusion Performance of Radar Networks 436 17.6 Methods of Evaluating Radar Data Processing Algorithms 438 17.7 Summary 440
• 18 Radar Data Processing Simulation Technology 441 18.1 Introduction 441 18.2 Basis of System Simulation Technology 442 18.3 Simulation of Radar Data Processing Algorithms 449 18.4 Simulation Examples of Algorithms 457 18.5 Summary 463
• 19 Practical Application of Radar Data Processing 464 19.1 Introduction 464 19.2 Application in ATC Systems 464 19.3 Application in Shipboard Navigation Radar 474 19.4 Application in Shipboard Radar Clutter Suppression 476 19.5 Application in Ground-Based Radar 480 19.6 Applications in Shipboard Monitoring System 482 19.7 Application in the Fleet Air Defense System 484 19.8 Applications in AEW Radar 486 19.9 Application in Air Warning Radar Network 492 19.10 Application in Phased Array Radar 495 19.11 Summary 498
• 20 Review, Suggestions, and Outlook 499 20.1 Introduction 499 20.2 Review of Research Achievements 499 20.3 Issues and Suggestions 502 20.4 Outlook for Research Direction 505 References 508 Index 523.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

A systematic introduction to the theory, development and latest research results of radar data processing technology Presents both classical theory and development methods of radar data processing Provides state-of-the-art research results, including data processing for modern style radars, and tracking performance evaluation theory Includes coverage of performance evaluation, registration algorithm for Radar network, data processing of passive radar, pulse Doppler radar, and phased array radar Has applications for those engaged in information engineering, radar engineering, electronic countermeasures, infrared techniques, sonar techniques, and military command.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)