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• Plenary Talks
• Evolutionary Systems for Brain Communications -- Towards an Artificial Brain / Katsunori Shimohara
• Emergent Functionality in Robotic Agents through On-Line Evolution / Luc Steels
• Long Papers
• Artificial Fishes with Autonomous Locomotion, Perception, Behavior, and Learning in a Simulated Physical World / Demetri Terzopoulos, Xiaoyuan Tu and Radek Grzeszczuk
• Evolving 3D Morphology and Behavior by Competition / Karl Sims
• Altruism in the Evolution of Communication / David H. Ackley and Michael L. Littman
• Evolution of Metabolism for Morphogenesis / Hiroaki Kitano
• Competition, Coevolution and the Game of Tag / Craig W. Reynolds
• In Praise of Interactive Emergence, or Why Explanations Don't Have to Wait for Implementations / Horst Hendriks-Jansen
• Spencer and Dewey on Life and Mind / Peter Godfrey-Smith
• Crossovers Generate Non-Random Recombinants under Darwinian Selection / Gene Levinson
• Steps Towards Co-Evolutionary Classification Neural Networks. / Jan Paredis
• Self-Organisation in a System of Binary Strings / Wolfgang Banzhaf
• Effects of Tree Size on Travelband Formation in Orang-Utans: Data Analysis Suggested by a Model Study / Irenaeus J.A. te Boekhorst and Pauline Hogeweg
• A Biologically Inspired Immune System for Computers / Jeffrey O. Kephart
• Egrets of a Feather Flock Together / Yukihiko toquenaga, Isamu Kajitani and Tsutomu Hoshino
• A Model of the Effects of Dispersal Distance on the Evolution of Virulence in Parasites / C.C. Maley
• Innate Biases and Critical Periods: Combining Evolution and Learning in the Acquisition of Syntax / John Batali
• Dynamics of Self-Assembling Systems -- Analogy with Chemical Kinetics / Kazuo Hosokawa, Isao Shimoyama and Hirofumi Miura
• From Local Actions to Global Tasks: Stigmergy and Collective Robotics / R. Beckers, O.E. Holland and J.L. Deneubourg
• How to Evolve Autonomous Robots: Different Approaches in Evolutionary Robotics / Stefano Nolfi, Dario Floreano, Orazio Miglino and Francesco Mondada
• Evolving Visual Routines / Michael Patrick Johnson, Pattie Maes and Trevor Darrell
• Evolving Sensors in Environments of Controlled Complexity / Filippo Menczer and Richard K. Belew
• Traffic at the Edge of Chaos / Kai Nagel and Steen Rasmussen
• A Phase Transition in Random Boolean Networks / James F. Lynch
• Toward an Evolvable Model of Development for Autonomous Agent Synthesis / Frank Dellaert and Randall D. Beer
• Bifurcation Structure in Diversity Dynamics / Mark A. Bedau and Alan Bahm
• On Modelling Life / Chris Adami
• Short Papers
• Genes, Phenes and the Baldwin Effect: Learning and Evolution in a Simulated Population / Robert M. French and Adam Messinger
• Evolving Multi-Cellular Artificial Life / Kurt Thearling and Thomas S. Ray
• Meshing of Engineering Domains by Meitotic Cell Division / Kazuhiro Saitou and Mark J. Jakiela
• Simulating Natural Spacing Patterns of Insect Bristles Using a Network of Interacting Celloids / Hiroaki Inayoshi
• Character Recognition Agents / Lija Zhou and Stan Franklin
• The Building Behavior of Lattice Swarms / Eric Bonabeau, Guy Theraulaz, Eric Arpin and Emmanuel Sardet
• Modeling Adaptive Self-Organization / Jari Vaario
• Robot Herds: Group Behaviors for Systems with Significant Dynamics / Jessica K. Hodgins and David C. Brogan
• A Futures Market Simulation with Non-Rational Participants / Michael de la Maza and Deniz Yuret
• Evolutionary Differentiation of Learning Abilities -- a case study on optimizing parameter values in Q-Learning by a Genetic Algorithm / Tatsuo Unemi, Masahiro Nagayoshi, Nobumasa Hirayama, Toshiaki Nade, Kiyoshi Yano and Yasuhiro Masuhima
• Exploring the Foundations of Artificiall Societies: Experiments in Evolving Solutions to Iterated N-Player Prisoner's Dilemma / Steve Bankes
• Evolutionary Dynamics of Altruistic Behavior in Optional and Compulsory Versions of the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma / John Batali and Philip Kitcher
• Evolving Cooperation in the Non-Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma: The Importance of Spatial Organization / Mihcael Oliphant
• An Alternate Interpretation of the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma and the Evolution of Non-Mutual Cooperation / Peter J. Angeline
• Asymmetric Mutations Due to Semiconservative DNA Replication: Double-stranded DNA Type Genetic Algorithms / Hirofumi Doi, Ken-nosuke Wada and Mitsuru Furusawa
• Embryological Development on Silicon / P. Marchal, C. Piguet, D. Mange, A. Stauffer and S. Durand
• Development and Evolution of Hardware Behaviors / Hitoshi Hemmi, Jun'ichi Mizoguchi and Katsunori Shimohara
• Evolutionary Learning in the 2D Artificial Life System "Avida" / Chris Adami and C. Titus Brown
• Asynchrony Induces Stability in Cellular Automata Based models / Hugues Bersini and Vincent Detours
• Evolutionary Automata / Murray Shanahan
• Non-Uniform Cellular Automata: Evolution in Rule Space and Formation of Complex Structures / Moshe Sipper
• Evolutionary Robots: Our Hands In Their Brains? / James V. Stone
• Universality Without Matter? / Alvaro Moreno, Arantza Etxeberria and Jon Umerez
• Emergent Phenomena and Complexity / Vince Darley
• Autonomy vs. Environmental Dependency in Neural Knowledge Representation / Markus F. Peschi
• Adiversity Stepping Up Trophic Levels / Takuya Saruwatari, Yukihiko Toquenaga and Tsutomu Hoshino
• Artificial Culture / Nicholas Gessler
• Explorations in The Emergence of Morphology and Locomotion Behavior in Animated Characters / Jeffrey Ventrella
• An Instance of a Parasitic Replicator / Alun Rhys Jones and Adrian J. West.

July 6-8, 1994 * the Massachusetts Institute of Technology The field of artificial life has recently emerged through the interaction of research in biology, physics, parallel computing, artificial intelligence, and complex adaptive systems. The goal is to understand, through synthetic experiments, the organizational principles underlying the dynamics (usually the nonlinear dynamics) of living systems. This book brings together contributions to the Fourth Artificial Life Workshop, held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the summer of 1994. Topics include: - Self-organization and emergent functionality. - Definitions of life. - Origin of life. - Self-reproduction. - Computer viruses. - Synthesis of "the living state." - Evolution and population genetics. - Coevolution and ecological dynamics. - Growth, development, and differentiation. - Organization and behavior of social and colonial organisms. - Animal behavior. - Global and local ecosystems and their intersections. - Autonomous agents (mobile robots and software agents). - Collective intelligence ("swarm" intelligence). - Theoretical biology. - Philosophical issues in A-life (from ontology to ethics). - Formalisms and tools for A-life research. - Guidelines and safeguards for the practice of A-life. A Bradford Book.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Committees
• Referees
• Preface
• Keynote Addresses. Exploring the ocean's microbes: sequencing the seven seas / Marvin E. Frazier [and others]. Don't know much about philosophy: the confusion over bio-ontologies / Mark A. Musen
• Invited talks. Biomedical Informatics Research Network (BIRN): building a national collaboratory for bioMedical and brain research / Mark H. Ellisman. Protein network comparative genomics / Trey Ideker. Systems biology in two dimensions: understanding and engineering membranes as dynamical systems / Erik Jakobsson. Bioinformatics at Microsoft Research / Simon Mercer. Movie crunching in biological dynamic imaging / Jean-Christophe Olivo-Marin. Engineering nucleic acid-based molecular sensors for probing and programming cellular systems / Christina D. Smolke. Reactome: a knowledgebase of biological pathways / Lincoln Stein [and others]
• Structural bioinformatics. Effective optimization algorithms for fragment-assembly based protein structure prediction / Kevin W. DeRonne and George Karypis. Transmembrane helix and topology prediction using hierarchical SVM classifiers and an alternating geometric scoring function / Allan Lo [and others]. Protein fold recognition using the gradient boost algorithm / Feng Jiao [and others]. A graph-based automated NMR backbone resonance sequential assignment / Xiang Wan and Guohui Lin. A data-driven, systematic search algorithm for structure determination of denatured or disordered proteins / Lincong Wang and Bruce Randall Donald. Multiple structure alignment by optimal RMSD implies that the average structure is a consensus / Xueyi Wang and Jack Snoeyink. Identification of?-Helices from low resolution protein density maps / Alessandro Dal Palu [and others]. Efficient annotation of non-coding RNA structures including pseudoknots via automated filters / Chunmei Liu [and others]. Thermodynamic matchers: strengthening the significance of RNA folding energies / Thomas Hochsmann, Matthias Hochsmann and Robert Giegerich
• Microarray data analysis and applications. PEM: a general statistical approach for identifying differentially expressed genes in time-course cDNA microarray experiment without replicate / Xu Han, Wing-Kin Sung and Lin Feng. Efficient generalized matrix approximations for biomarker discovery and visualization in gene expression data / Wenyuan Li [and others]
• Computational genomics and genetics. Efficient computation of minimum recombination with genotypes (not haplotypes) / Yufeng Wu and Dan Gusfield. Sorting genomes by translocations and deletions / Xingqin Qi [and others]. Turning repeats to advantage: scaffolding genomic contigs using LTR retrotransposons / Ananth Kalyanaraman, Srinivas Aluru and Patrick S. Schnable. Whole genome composition distance for HIV-1 genotyping / Xiaomeng Wu [and others]. Efficient recursive linking algorithm for computing the likelihood of an order of a large number of generic markers / S. Tewari, S.M. Bhandarkar and J. Arnold. Optimal Imperfect Phylogeny Reconstruction and Haplotyping (IPPH) / Srinath Sridhar [and others]. Toward an algebraic understanding of haplotype inference by pure parsimony / Daniel G. Brown and Ian M. Harrower. Global correlation analysis between redundant probe sets using a large collection of Arabidopsis ATH1 expression profiling data / Xiangqin Cui and Ann Loraine
• Motif sequence identification. Distance-based identification of structure motifs in proteins using constrained frequent subgraph mining / Jun Huan [and others]. An improved Gibbs sampling method for motif discovery via sequence weighting / Xin Chen and Tao Jiang. Detection of cleavage sites for HIV-1 protease in native proteins / Liwen You. A methodology for motif discovery employing iterated cluster re-assignment / Osman Abul, Finn Drabls and Geir Kjetil Sandve
• Biological pathways and systems. Identifying biological pathways via phase decomposition and profile extraction / Yi Zhang and Zhidong Deng. Expectation-maximization algorithms for fuzzy assignment of genes to cellular pathways / Liviu Popescu and Golan Yona. Classification of Drosophila embryonic developmental stage range based on gene expression pattern images / Jieping Ye [and others]. Evolution versus "intelligent design": comparing the topology of protein-protein interaction networks to the internet / Qiaofeng Yang [and others]
• Protein functions and computational proteomics. Cavity-aware motifs reduce false positives in protein function prediction / Brian Y. Chen [and others]. Protein subcellular localization prediction based on compartment-specific biological features / Chia-Yu Su [and others]. Predicting the binding affinity of MHC class II peptides / Fatih Altiparmak, Altuna Akalin and Hakan Ferhatosmanoglu. Codon-based detection of positive selection can be biased by heterogeneous distribution of polar amino acids along protein sequences / Xuhua Xia and Sudhir Kumar. Bayesian data integration: a functional perspective / Curtis Huttenhower and Olga G. Troyanskaya. An iterative algorithm to quantify the factors influencing peptide fragmentation for MS/MS spectrum / Chungong Yu [and others]. Complexity and scoring function of MS/MS Peptide De Novo sequencing / Changjiang Xu and Bin Ma
• Biomedical applications. Expectation-maximization method for reconstructing tumor phylogenies from single-cell data / Gregory Pennington [and others]. Simulating in vitro epithelial morphogenesis in multiple environments / Mark R. Grant, Sean H.J. Kim and C. Anthony Hunt. A combined data mining approach for infrequent events: analyzing HIV mutation changes based on treatment history / Ray S. Lin [and others]. A systems biology case study of ovarian cancer drug resistance / Jake Y. Chen [and others].

This volume contains about 40 papers covering many of the latest developments in the fast-growing field of bioinformatics. The contributions span a wide range of topics, including computational genomics and genetics, protein function and computational proteomics, the transcriptome, structural bioinformatics, microarray data analysis, motif identification, biological pathways and systems, and biomedical applications. There are also abstracts from the keynote addresses and invited talks. The papers cover not only theoretical aspects of bioinformatics but also delve into the application of new.

• Artificial Chemistries, Pre-biotic Evolution.- Chemical Organizations at Different Spatial Scales.- Formulating Membrane Dynamics with the Reaction of Surface Objects.- Multi-level Selectional Stalemate in a Simple Artificial Chemistry.- Simulation Model for Functionalized Vesicles: Lipid-Peptide Integration in Minimal Protocells.- Evolution.- Emergence of Genetic Coding: An Information-Theoretic Model.- Emergent Phenomena Only Belong to Biology.- Genotype Editing and the Evolution of Regulation and Memory.- Investigating the Emergence of Phenotypic Plasticity in Evolving Digital Organisms.- Simulation of the Evolution of Aging: Effects of Aggression and Kin-Recognition.- Ecosystems.- Artificial Ecosystem Selection for Evolutionary Optimisation.- Building Virtual Ecosystems from Artificial Chemistry.- Energy Flows and Maximum Power on an Evolutionary Ecological Network Model.- Entropy Production in Ecosystems.- Increasing Complexity Can Increase Stability in a Self-Regulating Ecosystem.- Niche Differentiation and Coexistence in a Multi-resource Ecosystem with Competition.- Variance in Water Temperature as a Factor in the Modelling of Starfish and Mussel Population Density and Diversity.- Morphodynamics, Development.- Cell Tracking: Genesis and Epigenesis in an Artificial Organism.- Developmental Neural Heterogeneity Through Coarse-Coding Regulation.- Re-examination of Swimming Motion of Virtually Evolved Creature Based on Fluid Dynamics.- Adaptive Behavior.- Adaptation to Sensory Delays.- Adapting to Your Body.- An Analysis of Behavioral Attractor Dynamics.- Artificial Emotions: Are We Ready for Them?.- Evolution of an Adaptive Sleep Response in Digital Organisms.- Where Did I Put My Glasses? Determining Trustfulness of Records in Episodic Memory by Means of an Associative Network.- Grounding Action-Selection in Event-Based Anticipation.- Learning and Evolution.- Aging in Artificial Learning Systems.- An Analysis of the Effects of Lifetime Learning on Population Fitness and Diversity in an NK Fitness Landscape.- Embodied Evolution and Learning: The Neglected Timing of Maturation.- Evolution and Learning in an Intrinsically Motivated Reinforcement Learning Robot.- Evolving Cultural Learning Parameters in an NK Fitness Landscape.- How Does Niche Construction Reverse the Baldwin Effect?.- Improving Search Efficiency in the Action Space of an Instance-Based Reinforcement Learning Technique for Multi-robot Systems.- Improving Agent Localisation Through Stereotypical Motion.- Neuroevolution of Agents Capable of Reactive and Deliberative Behaviours in Novel and Dynamic Environments.- On the Adaptive Disadvantage of Lamarckianism in Rapidly Changing Environments.- The Dynamics of Associative Learning in an Evolved Situated Agent.- Communication, Constitution of Meaning, Language.- Constructing the Basic Umwelt of Artificial Agents: An Information-Theoretic Approach.- Directed Evolution of Communication and Cooperation in Digital Organisms.- Evolution of Acoustic Communication Between Two Cooperating Robots.- Group Size Effects on the Emergence of Compositional Structures in Language.- Language Learning Dynamics: Coexistence and Selection of Grammars.- Multi-level Selection in the Emergence of Language Systematicity.- Protolanguages That Are Semi-holophrastic.- From the Outside-In: Embodied Attention in Toddlers.- Agency, Autopoiesis, Autonomy.- Autonomy: A Review and a Reappraisal.- Category Theoretical Distinction Between Autopoiesis and (M, R) Systems.- Measuring Autonomy by Multivariate Autoregressive Modelling.- Minimal Agency Detection of Embodied Agents.- Alife and Art.- Hermeneutic Resonance in Animats and Art.- Robotic Superstrings Installation: A-Life Science & Art.- Dynamics of Social Systems, Collective Behavior.- A Distributed Formation Algorithm to Organize Agents with No Coordinate Agreement.- A Multi-level Selection Model for the Emergence of Social Norms.- Evolution of Cooperation in a Population of Selfish Adaptive Agents.- Evolutionary Dilemmas in a Social Network.- Exogenous Fault Detection in a Collective Robotic Task.- From Artificial Societies to New Social Science Theory.- From Solitary to Collective Behaviours: Decision Making and Cooperation.- Individual Selection for Cooperative Group Formation.- Institutional Robotics.- Investigating the Evolution of Cooperative Behaviour in a Minimally Spatial Model.- Modeling Decentralized Organizational Change in Honeybee Societies.- Social Facilitation on the Development of Foraging Behaviors in a Population of Autonomous Robots.- Social Impact Theory Based Optimizer.- The Role of Collective Reproduction in Evolution.- Fear and the Behaviour of Virtual Flocking Animals.- Swarm and Ant Colony Systems.- Comparing ACO Algorithms for Solving the Bi-criteria Military Path-Finding Problem.- Decentralized Control and Interactive Design Methods for Large-Scale Heterogeneous Self-Organizing Swarms.- EcoPS - a Model of Group-Foraging with Particle Swarm Systems.- Efficient Multi-foraging in Swarm Robotics.- Modelling the Effects of Colony Age on the Foraging Behaviour of Harvester Ants.- Robotics and Autonomous Agents: Concepts and Applications.- A Mechanism to Self-Assemble Patterns with Autonomous Robots.- Binocular Vision-Based Robot Control with Active Hand-Eye Coordination.- Controlling an Anthropomimetic Robot: A Preliminary Investigation.- Evolution of Neural Networks for Active Control of Tethered Airfoils.- Feathered Flyer: Integrating Morphological Computation and Sensory Reflexes into a Physically Simulated Flapping-Wing Robot for Robust Flight Manoeuvre.- Guided Self-organisation for Autonomous Robot Development.- Near-Optimal Mobile Robot Recharging with the Rate-Maximizing Forager.- Neural Uncertainty and Sensorimotor Robustness.- Simulations of Simulations in Evolutionary Robotics.- Synthesizing Physically-Realistic Environmental Models from Robot Exploration.- The Evolution of Pain.- Evolutionary Computation.- A Computational Morphogenesis Approach to Simple Structure Development.- Program Evolvability Under Environmental Variations and Neutrality.- The Creativity Potential Within Evolutionary Algorithms.- The Problems with Counting Ancestors in a Simple Genetic Algorithm.- Networks, Cellular Automata, Complex Systems.- Asynchronous Graph-Rewriting Automata and Simulation of Synchronous Execution.- Catalysis by Self-Assembled Structures in Emergent Reaction Networks.- Community Detection in Complex Networks Using Collaborative Evolutionary Algorithms.- Detecting Non-trivial Computation in Complex Dynamics.- Evolution of One-Dimensional Cellular Automata by 1/f Noise.- Genotype Reuse More Important than Genotype Size in Evolvability of Embodied Neural Networks.- Information-Cloning of Scale-Free Networks.- MBEANN: Mutation-Based Evolving Artificial Neural Networks.- Measuring Entropy in Embodied Neural Agents with Homeostasic Units: A Link Between Complexity and Cybernetics.- Networks Regulating Networks: The Effects of Constraints on Topological Evolution.- Preliminary Investigations on the Evolvability of a Non spatial GasNet Model.- Semi-synchronous Activation in Scale-Free Boolean Networks.- Spatial Embedding and Complexity: The Small-World Is Not Enough.- The Application of the Idea of Extended Cellular Automata for Some Pedestrian Behaviors.- Transients of Active Tracking: A Stroll in Attractor Spaces.- Wavelet Network with Hybrid Algorithm to Linearize High Power Amplifiers.- Models and Methodologies.- A Behavior-Based Model of the Hydra, Phylum Cnidaria.- A Computational System for Investigating Chemotaxis-Based Cell Aggregation.- A Signal Based Approach to Artificial Agent Modeling.- Construction of Hypercycles in Typogenetics with Evolutionary Algorithms.- Designing a Methodology to Estimate Complexity of Protein Structures.- Designing for Surprise.- Evolving Virtual Neuronal Morphologies: A Case Study in Genetic L-Systems Programming.- Folding Protein-Like Structures with Open L-Systems.- Formal Model of Embodiment on Abstract Systems: From Hierarchy to Heterarchy.- Neuro-evolution Methods for Designing Emergent Specialization.- Neutral Emergence and Coarse Graining.- New Models for Old Questions: Evolutionary Robotics and the `A Not B' Error.- PLAZZMID: An Evolutionary Agent-Based Architecture Inspired by Bacteria and Bees.- Self-organizing Acoustic Categories in Sensor Arrays.- Self-organizing Systems Based on Bio-inspired Properties.- Stepwise Transition from Direct Encoding to Artificial Ontogeny in Neuroevolution.- Symbiosis, Synergy and Modularity: Introducing the Reciprocal Synergy Symbiosis Algorithm.- Turing Complete Catalytic Particle Computers.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Artificial Life, ECAL 2007, held in Lisbon, Portugal. The 125 revised full papers cover morphogenesis and development, robotics and autonomous agents, evolutionary computation and theory, cellular automata, models of biological systems and their applications, ant colony and swarm systems, evolution of communication, simulation of social interactions, self-replication, artificial chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Heuristics I.- Alternative Solution Representations for the Job Shop Scheduling Problem in Ant Colony Optimisation.- Analyzing the Role of "Smart" Start Points in Coarse Search-Greedy Search.- Concealed Contributors to Result Quality - The Search Process of Ant Colony System.- Ants Guide Future Pilots.- Complex Systems I.- Information Transfer by Particles in Cellular Automata.- An Artificial Development Model for Cell Pattern Generation.- Rounds Effect in Evolutionary Games.- Modelling Architectural Visual Experience Using Non-linear Dimensionality Reduction.- An Evolutionary Benefit from Misperception in Foraging Behaviour.- Simulated Evolution of Discourse with Coupled Recurrent Networks.- How Different Hierarchical Relationships Impact Evolution.- A Dual Phase Evolution Model of Adaptive Radiation in Landscapes.- Biological Systems I.- Directed Evolution of an Artificial Cell Lineage.- An Integrated QAP-Based Approach to Visualize Patterns of Gene Expression Similarity.- Complement-Based Self-Replicated, Self-Assembled Systems (CBSRSAS).- Self-maintained Movements of Droplets with Convection Flow.- Structural Circuits and Attractors in Kauffman Networks.- The Effects of Learning on the Roles of Chance, History and Adaptation in Evolving Neural Networks.- Unsupervised Acoustic Classification of Bird Species Using Hierarchical Self-organizing Maps.- The Prisoner's Dilemma with Image Scoring on Networks: How Does a Player's Strategy Depend on Its Place in the Social Network?.- Heuristics II.- Population-Based Ant Colony Optimisation for Multi-objective Function Optimisation.- Mechanisms for Evolutionary Reincarnation.- An Evolutionary Algorithm with Spatially Distributed Surrogates for Multiobjective Optimization.- Examining Dissimilarity Scaling in Ant Colony Approaches to Data Clustering.- Complex Systems II.- A Framework for the Co-evolution of Genes, Proteins and a Genetic Code Within an Artificial Chemistry Reaction Set.- In-Formation Flocking: An Approach to Data Visualization Using Multi-agent Formation Behavior.- A Principled Approach to Swarm-Based Wall-Building.- Pattern Extraction Improves Automata-Based Syntax Analysis in Songbirds.- Heuristics III.- A Modified Strategy for the Constriction Factor in Particle Swarm Optimization.- A Differential Evolution Variant of NSGA II for Real World Multiobjective Optimization.- Investigating a Hybrid Metaheuristic for Job Shop Rescheduling.- Enhancements to Extremal Optimisation for Generalised Assignment.- Biological Systems II.- Identification of Marker Genes Discriminating the Pathological Stages in Ovarian Carcinoma by Using Support Vector Machine and Systems Biology.- Ancestral DNA Sequence Reconstruction Using Recursive Genetic Algorithms.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third Australian Conference on Artificial Life, ACAL 2007, held in Gold Coast, Australia, in December 2007. The 34 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 70 submissions. Research in Alife covers the main areas of biological behaviour as a metaphor for computational models, computational models that reproduce/duplicate a biological behaviour, and computational models to solve biological problems.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)