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• Preface
• Neuroplasticity, or the importance of having a plastic brain
• The genes & the junk: recent advances in the studies of gene regulation.
• Understanding molecular background of Alzheimer's disease
• in search for a cure
• Advances in stem cell research
• Reflections on stem cells usage in restoring neurodegenerative damage
• How intelligent can robots become
• implications & concerns
• The Concept of Free Will Entering the Field of Neurological Sciences
• Neuroscience & the Image of the Mind
• Ways to new sustainable energy sources
• Evidence for biofield
• How to research experience?
• Consciousness & Vision
• Natural & machine learning, intelligence & Consciousness
• Philosophical reflections on the history & future of science & spirituality
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Modern science is so much specialised that it seems utopic to try to follow it all at once. This new book is aimed at crossing the gap between specialists and a common understanding of 'modern science'. It would seem desirable that all educated people would know something from the humanities, literature, art but also the newest developments of natural sciences. One aim of this book is to point out the main messages of certain scientific fields, and what is really new and beyond the average educational level, in order to broaden our horizons. Therefore, at the end of the chapters each scientific field possible future contributions and ethical concerns, if any, are elaborated.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• The Leahy-Smith America Invents Act: Innovation Issues
• Testimony of David Kappos, Under Secretary of Commerce for IP & Director of the USPTO, before The Brookings Institution, Hearing on "The America Invents Act: A Patent Law Game-Changer"
• The Bayh-Dole Act: Selected Issues in Patent Policy & the Commercialization of Technology
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book examines the innovation and patent policy issues in the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act and the Bayh-Dole Acts and what these acts mean for American innovation, American jobs, and American leadership. As we bear witness to the awe-inspiring progress of technology, at a pace never before seen in any previous single generation, protecting those technologies with clear, consistent and dependable patent rights is fundamental to disseminating that scientific know-how, affording society the opportunity to build upon and advance those underlying breakthroughs.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Upstream Oil & Gas Industry
• Modeling & Optimization of the Effect of Laser Marking Parameters on Gloss of the Laser Marked Gold Using Artificial Intelligence Approaches
• AI Applications to Metal Stamping Die Design
• Structural Features Simulation on Mechanochemical Synthesis of Al2O3-TiB2 Nanocomposite using ANN with Bayesian Regularization & ANFIS
• An Artificial Intelligence Tool for Predicting Embryos Quality
• Passive System Reliability of the Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) using Fuzzy Set Theory in Artificial Intelligence
• Emergent Tools in AI
• Neural Networks Applied to Micro-Computed Tomography
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Artificial Intelligence may be defined as a collection of several analytic tools that collectively attempt to imitate life and has matured to a set of analytic tools that facilitate solving problems which were previously difficult or impossible to solve. In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the tools and applications of artificial intelligence. Topics discussed include the application of artificial intelligence in the oil and gas industry and in metal stamping die design; using artificial intelligence to predict embryo quality and in biomedical imaging techniques.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• Federally Funded Innovation Inducement Prizes
• The Technology Innovation Program
• Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program
• The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program: Reauthorization Efforts
• Intellectual Property in Industrial Designs: Issues in Innovation & Competition
• Innovation Measurement: Tracking the State of Innovation in the American Economy
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

In the United States, Congress authorises most of today's federally-funded innovation inducement prizes beginning with the 108th Congress. This book explores federally-funded "innovation inducement prizes", the Technology Innovation Program (TIP) which was designed to support, promote and accelerate innovation in the U.S., the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program, issues in innovation and competition as well as tracking the state of innovation in the American economy.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface-- The Denatured States of Proteins: How Random are They?-- Thermodynamic Approaches to Understanding Protein Denatured States-- Non-native electrostatic interactions in the denatured state ensemble: Effects on protein stability and folding-- Conformational Analysis of Unfolded States of Peptides by UV-CD and NMR-- Conformational Analysis of Unfolded Peptides by Vibrational Spectroscopy-- Studies of protein disordered states using peptide model systems-- Calorimetric Determination of the Thermodynamics of Polyproline II (PII) Helix Formation in the Unfolded States of Protein-- Global versus local features of an unfolded peptide system
• Aa42 modeled by Dynamics simulations and NMR experiments-- Residual structure and binding functions of intrinsically disordered proteins-- Natively Unfolded Proteins-- Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The word revolution has a number of definitions ("The American Heritage Dictionary, 2006"). The one most pertinent to this series and volume is 'a sudden or momentous change in a situation'. Recent years have seen an unprecedented explosion of interest in unfolded proteins in all of their various forms. Coupled with this increase in interest we have seen momentous changes in the way unfolded proteins are viewed. Two particular paradigms have come under close scrutiny: unfolded proteins are disordered random coils devoid of persistent structure, and protein function first requires protein structure. The first of these is currently a hotly debated subject. The second paradigm we can safely claim has been overturned.There is a second definition of revolution that is quite relevant to a significant portion of the work reviewed herein, in particular those chapters dealing with local and persistent structure in unfolded proteins. That definition is 'a turning or rotational motion about an axis' ("The American Heritage Dictionary, 2006"). About four decades ago, Charles Tanford (1968) demonstrated that highly denatured proteins possess hydrodynamic properties consistent with Paul Flory's random coil (Flory, 1969). Given that the Flory random coil definition included the stipulation that conformers making up the denatured state ensemble would differ in energy by just a few kT, there has been the assumption that denatured states must therefore be completely random in nature with no persistent structure or biases towards particular conformers.Notably however, Tanford did note the random coil-like hydrodynamic data he obtained did not necessarily rule out the presence of structure in denatured proteins (Tanford, 1968). Around the same time, Sam Krimm and M. Lois Tiffany noted that the CD spectra they obtained for proteins in the presence of high concentration of chemical denaturants had similarities to spectra obtained for homopolymers of proline, lysine, and glutamic acid in water (Tiffany and Krimm, 1968a, 1968b, 1973, 1974). Homopolymers of these residues were known to adopt the left-handed polyproline II conformation, leading Tiffany and Krimm to hypothesise that highly denatured proteins possess significant polyproline II helix content.Of these two views, that espousing the lack of structure in denatured proteins became more widely adopted and was, over time, adopted as a central paradigm in protein folding. As several of the chapters in this volume note, a Tiffany and Krimm-like view appears to be, to some extent, the more correct one. The level to which it is correct is still unknown, although it is clear that the polyproline II helical conformation is not the only, perhaps not even the most common, persistent conformation present in unfolded proteins. Thus we have come through a full circle or revolution. (from the preface).
(source: Nielsen Book Data)