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• Preface: Shaping experience
• Unboxing the prediction machine
• Psychiatry and neurology: closing the gap
• Action as self-fulfilling prediction
• Predicting the body
• Interlude: the hard problem--predicting the predictors?
• Expecting better
• Beyond the naked brain
• Hacking the prediction machine
• Conclusions: Ecologies of prediction, porous to the world
• Appendix: Some nuts and bolts

"A grand new vision of cognitive science that explains how our minds build the world, learn from it, and sometimes deceive themselves For as long as we've studied the mind, we've believed that our senses determine what our mind perceives. But as our understanding of neuroscience and psychology has advanced in the last few decades, a new view has emerged that has proven to be both provocative and hugely powerful-that the mind is not a passive observer, but an active predictor. At the core of this research is the radical reimagination of the way our brains process sensory information. Now this new school of "predictive processing" is arguing that we anticipate what we will see before we process the experience. Only then does our brain compare its prediction to the sensory information. At the forefront of this research is widely acclaimed philosopher Andy Clark, who has synthesized his revolutionary work on the predictive brain to explore its fascinating mechanics and implications. The most stunning of these is the realization that experience itself, because it is guided by prior expectation, is a kind of controlled hallucination. From the most mundane experiences to the most sublime, it is the mind that shapes most of our reality. Encountering errors in prediction helps us learn and makes us confident experts, but predictive feedback loops can also lock in conditions like chronic pain, addiction, and anxiety. A landmark study of cognitive science, The Experience Machine is a grand vision that sketches the extraordinary explanatory power of the predictive brain for our lives, health, world, and society"-- Provided by publisher

• Table of Contents
• Preface: Meat That Predicts
• Acknowledgements
• Introduction: Guessing Games
• Part I: The Power of Prediction
• Chapter 1: Prediction Machines
• 1.1 Two Ways to Sense the Coffee
• 1.2 Adopting the Animal's Perspective
• 1.3 Learning in Bootstrap Heaven
• 1.4 Multi-Level Learning
• 1.5 Decoding Digits
• 1.6 Dealing With Structure
• 1.7 Predictive Processing
• 1.8 Signaling the News
• 1.9 Predicting Natural Scenes
• 1.10 Binocular Rivalry
• 1.11 Dampening and Sharpening
• 1.12 Encoding, inference, and the Bayesian Brain
• 1.13 Getting the Gist
• 1.14 Predictive Processing in the Brain
• 1.15 Is Silence Golden?
• 1.16 Expecting Faces
• 1.17 When Prediction Misleads
• 1.18 Mind Turned Upside Down
• Chapter Two: Adjusting The Volume (Noise, Signal, Attention)
• 2.1 Signal Spotting
• 2.2 Hearing Bing
• 2.3 The Delicate Dance between Top-down and Bottom-up.
• 2.4 Attention, Biased Competition, and Signal Enhancement
• 2.5 Sensory Integration and Coupling
• 2.6 A Taste of Action
• 2.7 Gaze Allocation: Doing What Comes Naturally
• 2.8 Circular Causation in the Perception-Attention-Action Loop
• 2.9 Mutual Assured Misunderstanding
• 2.10 Some Worries About Precision
• 2.11 The Unexpected Elephant
• 2.12 Some Pathologies of Precision
• 2.13 Beyond the Spotlight
• Chapter 3: The Imaginarium
• 3.1 The Many Benefits of Controlled Hallucination
• 3.2 Simple Seeing
• 3.3 Cross-Modal and Multi-Modal effects
• 3.4 Meta-Modal Effects
• 3.5 Perceiving Omissions
• 3.6 Expectations and Conscious Perception
• 3.7 The Perceiver as Imaginer
• 3.8 'Brain Reading' During Imagery and Perception
• 3.9 Inside the Dream Factory
• 3.10 PIMMS and the Past
• 3.11 Towards Mental Time Travel
• 3.12 A Cognitive Package Deal
• Part II: Embodying Prediction
• Chapter 4: Prediction for Action
• 4.1 Staying Ahead of the Break
• 4.2 Ticklish Tales
• 4.3 Forward Models
• 4.4 Optimal Feedback Control
• 4.5 Action-oriented Predictive Processing
• 4.6 Simplifying Control
• 4.7 Beyond Efference Copy
• 4.7 Doing Without Cost Functions
• 4.8 Action-oriented Predictions
• 4.9 Predictive Robotics
• 4.10 Perception-Action-Understanding Machines
• Chapter 5: Sculpting the Flow
• 5.1 Double Agents
• 5.2 Towards Maximal Context-Sensitivity
• 5.3 Hierarchy Reconsidered
• 5.4 Sculpting Effective Connectivity
• 5.5 Soft Modularity
• 5.6 Understanding Action
• 5.7 Making Mirrors
• 5.8 Whodunit?
• 5.9 Robot Futures
• 5.10 The Restless, Rapidly Responsive, Brain
• 5.11 Precision Engineering
• Chapter 6: Engaging the world
• 6.1 Expecting the World
• 6.2 Controlled Hallucinations and Virtual Realities.
• 6.3 The Surprising Scope of Structured Probabilistic Learning
• 6.4 Sensing-Thinking-Acting
• 6. 5 Implementing Affordance Competition
• 6.6 Ready for Action
• 6.7 Hello World
• 6.8 'Not-Indirect' Perception
• 6.9 Hallucination as Uncontrolled Perception
• 6.10 Putting Illusions in Their Place
• 6.11 Safer Penetration
• 6.12 Who Estimates the Estimators?
• 6.13 Beyond Fantasy
• Chapter 7: Expecting Ourselves
• 7.1 The Space of Human Experience
• 7.2 Warning Lights
• 7.3 The Spiral of Inference and Experience
• 7.4 Schizophrenia and Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements
• 7.5 Simulating Smooth Pursuit
• 7.6 Disturbing the Network (Smooth Pursuit)
• 7.7 Tickling Redux
• 7.8 Less Sense, More Action
• 7.9 Disturbing the Network (Sensory Attenuation)
• 7.10 'Psychogenic Disorders' and Placebo Effects
• 7.11 Disturbing the Network ('Psychogenic' Effects)
• 7.12 Autism, Noise, and Signal
• 7.13 Conscious Presence
• 7.14 Emotion
• 7.15 Fear in the Night
• 7.16 A Nip of the Hard Stuff
• Part III: Scaffolding Prediction
• Chapter 8: The Lazy Predictive Brain
• 8.1 Surface Tensions
• 8.2 Productive Laziness
• 8.3 Ecological Balance, and Baseball
• 8.4 Embodied Flow
• 8.5 Befriending the Bayesian Brain
• 8.6 Beyond the Model-Based/Model-Free Divide
• 8.7 Balancing Accuracy and Complexity
• 8.8.Back to Baseball
• 8.9 Extended Predictive Minds
• 8.10 Escape from the Darkened Room
• 8.11 Self-Organized Instability
• 8.12 Fast, Cheap, but Model-Rich Too
• Chapter 9: Being Human
• 9.1 Putting Prediction in its Place
• 9.2 Reprise: Self-Organizing Around Prediction Error
• 9.3 Efficiency and <" The Lord's Prior>"
• 9.4 Chaos and Spontaneous Cortical Activity
• 9.5 Designer Environments
• 9.6 White Lines
• 9.7 Innovating for Innovation
• 9.8 Words as Artificial Contexts
• 9.9 Predicting With Others
• 9.10 Enacting Our Worlds
• 9.11 Representations: Breaking Good
• 9.12 Prediction in the Wild
• Chapter 10: The Future of Prediction
• 10.1 Attractions
• 10.2 Problems, Puzzles, and Pitfalls
• Appendix 1: Bare Bayes
• Appendix 2: The Free Energy Formulation
• References
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

In this ground-breaking work, philosopher and cognitive scientist Andy Clark turns a common view of the human mind upside down. In stark opposition to familiar models of human cognition, Surfing Uncertainty explores exciting new theories in neuroscience, psychology, and artificial intelligence that reveal minds like ours to be prediction machines-devices that have evolved to anticipate the incoming streams of sensory stimulation before they arrive. This keeps minds like ours a few steps ahead of the game, poised to respond rapidly and apparently effortlessly to threats and opportunities as (and sometimes even before) they arise. Creatures thus equipped are more than simple response machines. They are knowing agents deep in the business of understanding their worlds. Such agents cope with changing and uncertain worlds by combining sensory evidence with informed prediction. Remarkably, the learning that makes neural prediction possible can itself be accomplished by the ceaseless effort to make better and better predictions. A single fundamental trick (the trick of trying to predict your own sensory inputs) thus enables learning, empowers moment-by-moment perception, and installs a rich understanding of the surrounding world. Action itself now appears in a new and revealing light. For action is not so much a 'response to an input' as a neat and efficient way of selecting the next 'input'. As mobile embodied agents we are forever intervening, actively bringing about the very streams of sensory information that our brains are simultaneously trying to predict. This binds perception and action in a delicate dance, a virtuous circle in which neural circuits animate, and are animated by, the movements of our own bodies. Some of our actions, in turn, structure the physical, social, and technological worlds around us. This moves the goalposts by altering the very things we need to engage and predict. Surfing Uncertainty brings work on the predictive brain into full and satisfying contact with work on the embodied and culturally situated mind. What emerges is a bold new vision of what brains do that places circular causal flows and the active structuring of the environment, center-stage. In place of cognitive couch potatoes idly awaiting the next sensory inputs, Clark's journey reveals us as proactive predictavores, skilfully surfing the waves of sensory stimulation.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: (Not) Like a Rock
• 1. Meat Machines: Mindware as Software
• 2. Symbol Systems
• 3. Patterns, Contents, and Causes
• 4. Connectionism
• 5. Perception, Action, and the Brain
• 6. Robots and Artificial Life
• 7. Dynamics
• 8. Cognitive Technology: Beyond the Naked Brain
• 9. Extended Minds?
• 10. Enacting Perceptual Experience
• 11. Prediction Machines
• Appendix I. Some Backdrop: Dualism, Behaviorism, and Beyond
• Appendix II . Consciousness and the Meta-Hard Problem.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Ranging across both standard philosophical territory and the landscape of cutting-edge cognitive science, Mindware: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Cognitive Science, Second Edition, is a vivid and engaging introduction to key issues, research, and opportunities in the field. Starting with the vision of mindware as software and debates between realists, instrumentalists, and eliminativists, Andy Clark takes students on a no-holds-barred journey through connectionism, dynamical systems, and real-world robotics before moving on to the frontiers of cognitive technologies, enactivism, predictive coding, and the extended mind. Throughout, he highlights challenging issues in an effort to engage students in active debate. Each chapter opens with a brief sketch of a major research tradition or perspective, followed by concise critical discussions dealing with key topics and problems. NEW TO THIS EDITION * Three new chapters (9-11) on cognitive extensions, enactivism, and the predictive brain, and a revised appendix on consciousness * Extensive revisions, additions, and updates throughout in light of new developments in the field * New text boxes and revised and expanded suggestions for further reading, including many electronic resources (summarized on the book's Companion Website at www.oup/us/coogan).
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Forward: By David Chalmers / Acknowledgements / Introduction: BRAINBOUND versus EXTENDED / I: From Embodiment to Cognitive Extension - 1. The Active Body: 1.1 A Walk on the Wild Side
• 1.2 Inhabited Interaction
• 1.3 Active Sensing
• 1.4 Distributed Functional Decomposition
• 1.5 Sensing for Coupling
• 1.6 Information Self-Structuring
• 1.7 Perception, Qualia, and Sensorimotor Expectations
• 1.8 Time and Mind
• 1.9 Dynamics and (Soft) Computation.
• 1.10 Out from the Bedrock
• 2. TheNegotiable Body: 2.1 Where the Rubber Meets the Road
• 2.2 What's in an Interface?
• 2.3 New Systemic Wholes
• 2.4 Substitutes
• 2.5 Incorporation Vs Use
• 2.6 Towards Cognitive Extension
• 2.7 Three Grades of Embodiment
• 3. Material Symbols: 3.1 Language as Scaffolding
• 3.2 Augmenting Reality
• 3.3 SculptingAttention
• 3.4 Hybrid Thoughts?--3.5 From Translation to Coordination
• 3.6 Second-order Cognitive Dynamics
• 3.7 Self-made Minds.--4. World, Incorporated: 4.1 Cognitive Niche Construction: A Primer
• 4.2 Cognition in the Globe: A Cameo
• 4.3 Thinking Space
• 4.4 Epistemic Engineers
• 4.5 Exploitative Representation and Wide Computation
• 4.6 Tetris: The Update
• 4.7 The Swirl of Organization
• 4.8 Extending the Mind
• 4.9 BRAINBOUND versus EXTENDED: The Case So Far.
• II. Boundary Disputes - 5. MindRe-bound?: 5.1 EXTENDED Anxiety
• 5.2 Pencil Me In
• 5.3 The Odd Coupling
• 5.4 Cognitive Candidacy
• 5.5 The Mark of the Cognitive?
• 5.6 Kinds and Minds
• 5.7 Perception and Development
• 5.8 Deception and Contested Space
• 5.9 Folk Intuition and Cognitive Extension
• 5.10 Asymmetry and Lopsideness
• 5.11Similarity vs Complementarity
• 5.12 Hippo-World
• 6. The Cure for Cognitive Hiccups (HEMC, HEC, HEMC): 6.1 Rupert's Challenge
• 6.2 HEC versus HEMC
• 6.3 Parity and Cognitive Kinds (Again)
• 6.4 The Persisting Core
• 6.5 Cognitive Impartiality
• 6.6 A Brain Teaser
• 6.7 Thoughtful Gestures
• 6.8 Material Carriers
• 6.9 Loops as Mechanisms
• 6.10 Anarchic Self-Stimulation
• 6.11Autonomous Coupling
• 6.12 Why the HEC?
• 6.13 The Cure
• 7. Rediscovering the Brain: 7.1 Matter into Mind
• 7.2.Honey, I Shrunk theRepresentations
• 7.3 Change Spotting: The Sequel
• 7.4 Thinking about Thinking: The Brain's Eye View.: 7.5 Born-Again Cartesians?
• 7.6 Surrogate Situations
• 7.7 Plug Points
• 7.8 Brain Control
• 7.9 Asymmetry Arguments
• 7.10 Extended in a Vat
• 7.11 The (Situated) Cognizer's Innards
• III: The Limits ofEmbodiment - 8. Painting, Planning, and Perceiving: 8.1 Enacting Perceptual Experience
• 8.2 The Painter and the Perceiver
• 8.3 Three Virtues of the Strong Sensorimotor Model
• 8.4 A Vice: Sensorimotor (Hyper) Sensitivity
• 8.5 What Reaching Teaches
• 8.6 (Tweaked)Tele-Assistance
• 8.7 Sensorimotor Summarizing
• 8.8 Virtual Content, Again
• 8.9 Beyond the Sensorimotor Frontier
• 9. Disentangling Embodiment: 9.1 Three Threads
• 9.2 The Separability Thesis
• 9.3 Beyond Flesh-eating Functionalism.
• 9.4Ada, Adder, and Odder
• 9.5 A Tension Revealed
• 9.6 What Bodies Are
• 9.7 Participant Machinery and Morphological Computation
• 9.8 Quantifying Embodiment
• 9.9 The Heideggerian Theatre / 10. Conclusions: Mindsized Bites / Appendix: The Extended Mind (Andy Clark and David Chalmers).
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Studies of mind, thought and reason have tended to marginalize the role of bodily form, real-world action, and environmental backdrop. In recent years, both in philosophy and cognitive science, this tendency has been identified and, increasingly, resisted. The result is a plethora of work on what has become known as embodied, situated, distributed, and even 'extended' cognition. Work in this new, loosely knit field depicts thought and reason as in some way inextricably tied to the details of our gross bodily form, our habits of action and intervention, and the enabling web of social, cultural, and technological scaffolding in which we live, move, learn, and think. But exactly what kind of link is at issue? And what difference might such a link or links make to our best philosophical, psychological, and computational models of thought and reason? These are among the large unsolved problems in this increasingly popular field. Drawing upon recent work in psychology, linguistics, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, robotics, human-computer systems, and beyond, Supersizing the Mind offers both a tour of the emerging landscape, and a sustained argument in favor of one approach to the key issues. That approach combines the use of representational, computational, and information-theoretic tools with an appreciation of the importance of context, timing, biomechanics, and dynamics. More controversially, it depicts some coalitions of biological and non-biological resources as the extended cognitive circuitry of individual minds. With a substantial foreword by David Chalmers, Supersizing the Mind is essential reading for all those interested in embodied cognition, the extended mind, and the likely shape of twenty-first century cognitive scientific explanation.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Machine generated contents note: Introduction --
• CHAPTER 1 Cyborgs Unplugged --
• CHAPTER 2 Technologies to Bond With --
• CHAPTER 3 Plastic Brains, Hybrid Minds --
• CHAPTER 4 Where Are We? --
• CHAPTER 5 What Are We? --
• CHAPTER 6 Global Swarming --
• CHAPTER 7 Bad Borgs? --
• CHAPTER 8 Conclusions: Post-Human, Moi? --Notes --Index.

A revolutionary approach to the human mind imagines a future when humans have fully incorporated their tools and technologies into the biological reality of being human.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Cyborgs unplugged
• Technologies to bond with
• Plastic brains, hybrid minds
• Where are we?
• What are we?
• Global swarming
• Bad borgs?
• Conclusions: Post-human, Moi?

A revolutionary approach to the human mind imagines a future when humans have fully incorporated their tools and technologies into the biological reality of being human.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

A revolutionary approach to the human mind imagines a future when humans have fully incorporated their tools and technologies into the biological reality of being human.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface: About Mindware
• Acknowledgements
• Some Useful Resources
• Introduction (Not) Like a Rock
• 1. Meat Machines
• 2. Symbol Systems
• 3. Patterns, Contents, and Causes
• 4. Connectionism and Artificial Neural Networks
• 5. Perception, Action, and the Brain
• 6. Robots and Artificial Life
• 7. Dynamics
• 8. Cognitive Technology: Beyond the Naked Brain
• 9. (Not Really a) Conclusion
• Appendix I: Some Backdrop: Dualism, Behaviorism, and Beyond
• Appendix II: Consciousness and the Meta-Hard Problem
• Bibliography.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

• About mindware
• some useful resources
• introduction - (not) like a rock
• meat machines
• symbol systems
• patterns, contents, and causes
• connectionism and artificial neural networks
• perception, action, and the brain
• robots and artificial life
• dynamics
• cognitive science beyond the naked brain
• (not really a) conclusion
• appendix: some backdrop - dualism, behaviourism, and beyond
• appendix: consciousness and the meta-hard problem.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Mindware is an introductory text with a difference. In eight short chapters it tells a story and invites the reader to join in some up-to-the-minute conceptual discussion of the key issues, problems, and opportunities in cognitive science. The story is about the search for a cognitive scientific understanding of mind. It is presented as a no-holds-barred journey from early work in Artificial Intelligence, through connectionist (artificial neural network) counter-visions, and onto neuroscience artificial life, dynamics and robotics. The journey ends with some wide-ranging and provacative speculation about the role of technology and the changing nature of the human mind itself. Each chapter is organized as an initial sketch of a research program or theme, followed by a substantial discussion section in which specific problems and issues (both familiear and cutting-edge) are raised and pursued. Discussion topics include mental causation, the hardware/software distinction, the relations between life and mind, the nature of perception, cognition and action, and the continuity (or otherwise) of high-level human intelligence with other forms of adaptive response. Classic topics are treated alongside the newer ones in an integrated treatment of the various discussions. The sketches and discussions are accompanied by numerous figures and boxed sections, and followed by suggestions for futher reading.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part I Outing the mind: autonomous agents - walking the moon
• the situated infant
• mind and world - the plastic frontier
• collective wisdom, slime-mold-style
• a capsule history. Part II Explaining the extended mind: evolving robots
• emergence and explanation
• the neuroscientific image
• being, computing, representing. Part III Further: minds and markets
• language - the ultimate artifact
• minds, brains and tuna (a summary in brine).
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Brain, body and world are united in a complex dance of circular causation and extended computational activity. In "Being There", Andy Clark weaves these several threads into a whole and goes on to address foundational questions concerning the new tools and techniques needed to make sense of the emerging sciences of the embodied mind. Clark brings together ideas and techniques from robotics, neuroscience, infant psychology and artificial intelligence. He addresses a broad range of adaptive behaviours, from cockroach locomotion to the role of linguistic artifacts in higher-level thought. The old opposition of matter versus mind stubbornly persists in the way we study brain and mind, in the tradition of modelling intelligence and intelligent action, and in the choice of problem domains. Here, Clark shifts the perspective from treating the mental as a realm that is distinct from the body and the world to understanding brains as controllers for embodied activity. The embodied mind is emerging as a natural product of converging influences from real-world robotics, systems neuroscience, infant psychology, and the new field of artifical life and situated cognition. Clark charts and critiques all these influences, pointing up the dangers, pitfalls and wider ramifications of an action-oriented perspective on mind.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface : deep thought meets fluent action
• Acknowledgments
• Groundings
• Introduction : a car with a cockroach brain
• 1. Autonomous agents : walking on the moon
• 2. The situated infant
• 3. Mind and world : the plastic frontier
• 4. Collective wisdom, slime-mold-style
• 5. Evolving robots
• 6. Emergence and explanation
• 7. The neuroscientific image
• 8. Being, computing, representing
• 9. Minds and markets
• 10. Language : the ultimate artifact
• 11. Minds, brains, and tuna : a summary in brine
• Epilogue : a brain speaks.

Brain, body and world are united in a complex dance of circular causation and extended computational activity. In "Being There", Andy Clark weaves these several threads into a whole and goes on to address foundational questions concerning the new tools and techniques needed to make sense of the emerging sciences of the embodied mind. Clark brings together ideas and techniques from robotics, neuroscience, infant psychology and artificial intelligence. He addresses a broad range of adaptive behaviours, from cockroach locomotion to the role of linguistic artifacts in higher-level thought. The old opposition of matter versus mind stubbornly persists in the way we study brain and mind, in the tradition of modelling intelligence and intelligent action, and in the choice of problem domains. Here, Clark shifts the perspective from treating the mental as a realm that is distinct from the body and the world to understanding brains as controllers for embodied activity. The embodied mind is emerging as a natural product of converging influences from real-world robotics, systems neuroscience, infant psychology, and the new field of artifical life and situated cognition. Clark charts and critiques all these influences, pointing up the dangers, pitfalls and wider ramifications of an action-oriented perspective on mind.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part 1 Melting the inner code: computational models, syntax, and the folk solids
• connectionism, code, and context
• what networks know
• what networks don't know
• concept, category and prototype. Part 2 From code to process: the presence of a symbol
• the role of representational trajectories
• the cascade of significant virtual machines
• associative learning in a hostile world
• the fate of the folk
• associative engines - the next generation.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Connectionist approaches, Andy Clark argues, are driving cognitive science toward a radical reconception of its explanatory endeavour. At the heart of this reconception lies a shift toward a new and more deeply developmental vision of the mind - a vision that has important implications for the philosophical and psychological understanding of the nature of concepts, of mental causation, and of representational change. Combining philosophical argument, empirical results, and interdisciplinary speculations, Clark charts a fundamental shift from a static, inner-code-oriented conception of the subject matter of cognitive science to a more dynamic, developmentally rich, process-oriented view. Clark argues that this shift makes itself felt in two main ways. First, structured representations are seen as the products of temporally extended cognitive activity and not as the representational bedrock (an innate symbol system or language of thought) upon which all learning is based. Second, the relation between thoughts (as described by folk psychology) and inner computational states is loosened as a result of the fragmented and distributed nature of the connectionist representation of concepts. Other issues Clark raises include the nature of innate knowledge, the conceptual commitments of folk psychology, and the use and abuse of higher-level analyses of connectionist networks.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part 1 Melting the inner code: computational models, syntax, and the folk solids
• connectionism, code, and context
• what networks know
• what networks don't know
• concept, category and prototype. Part 2 From code to process: the presence of a symbol
• the role of representational trajectories
• the cascade of significant virtual machines
• associative learning in a hostile world
• the fate of the folk
• associative engines - the next generation.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Connectionist approaches, Andy Clark argues, are driving cognitive science toward a radical reconception of its explanatory endeavour. At the heart of this reconception lies a shift toward a new and more deeply developmental vision of the mind - a vision that has important implications for the philosophical and psychological understanding of the nature of concepts, of mental causation, and of representational change. Combining philosophical argument, empirical results, and interdisciplinary speculations, Clark charts a fundamental shift from a static, inner-code-oriented conception of the subject matter of cognitive science to a more dynamic, developmentally rich, process-oriented view. Clark argues that this shift makes itself felt in two main ways. First, structured representations are seen as the products of temporally extended cognitive activity and not as the representational bedrock (an innate symbol system or language of thought) upon which all learning is based. Second, the relation between thoughts (as described by folk psychology) and inner computational states is loosened as a result of the fragmented and distributed nature of the connectionist representation of concepts. Other issues Clark raises include the nature of innate knowledge, the conceptual commitments of folk psychology, and the use and abuse of higher-level analyses of connectionist networks.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: what the brain's-eye view tells the mind's-eye view. Part 1 The mind's-eye view: classical cognitivism
• situation and substance
• folk psychology, thought, and context
• biological constraints. Part 2 The brain's-eye view: parallel distributed processing
• informational holism
• the multiplicity of mind - a limited defence of classical cognitivism
• structured through
• reassembling the jigsaw. Epilogue: The parable of the high-level architect. Appendix: Beyond eliminativism.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Parallel distributed processing is transforming the field of cognitive science. "Microcognition" provides a clear, readable guide to this emerging paradigm from a cognitive philosopher's point of view. It explains and explores the biological basis of PDP, its psychological importance, and its philosophical relevance. Starting with a survey of the assumptions and methodology of classical AI "Microcognition" proceeds to a full treatment of the PDP alternative. It describes the main properties of PDP architectures with numerous examples and it explores the tangled question of their relationship with classical work, the theoretical significance of mixed PDP and classical models, and various criticisms of the models. Biological and evolutionary perspectives are also included. Of particular philosophical interest is the author's treatment of the relation between these computational models and ordinary talk of beliefs and desires, or folk-psychology.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
Parallel distributed processing is transforming the field of cognitive science. Microcognition provides a clear, readable guide to this emerging paradigm from a cognitive philosopher's point of view. It explains and explores the biological basis of PDP, its psychological importance, and its philosophical relevance.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: what the brain's-eye view tells the mind's-eye view. Part 1 The mind's-eye view: classical cognitivism
• situation and substance
• folk psychology, thought, and context
• biological constraints. Part 2 The brain's-eye view: parallel distributed processing
• informational holism
• the multiplicity of mind - a limited defence of classical cognitivism
• structured through
• reassembling the jigsaw. Epilogue: The parable of the high-level architect. Appendix: Beyond eliminativism.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Parallel distributed processing is transforming the field of cognitive science. Microcognition provides a clear, readable guide to this emerging paradigm from a cognitive philosopher's point of view. It explains and explores the biological basis of PDP, its psychological importance, and its philosophical relevance.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
Microcognition provides a clear, readable guide to parallel distributed processing from a cognitive philosopher's point of view.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
Parallel distributed processing is transforming the field of cognitive science. "Microcognition" provides a clear, readable guide to this emerging paradigm from a cognitive philosopher's point of view. It explains and explores the biological basis of PDP, its psychological importance, and its philosophical relevance. Starting with a survey of the assumptions and methodology of classical AI "Microcognition" proceeds to a full treatment of the PDP alternative. It describes the main properties of PDP architectures with numerous examples and it explores the tangled question of their relationship with classical work, the theoretical significance of mixed PDP and classical models, and various criticisms of the models. Biological and evolutionary perspectives are also included. Of particular philosophical interest is the author's treatment of the relation between these computational models and ordinary talk of beliefs and desires, or folk-psychology.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

This volume outlines three research programs that have emerged over three decades in research in artificial intelligence and cognitive science. This includes classical artificial intelligence, connectionism, and the notion of the interplay of brain, bodily structure and action.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

This anthology of landmark essays includes contributions on a wide range of cognitive phenomena, from visual or auditory perception, to decision making, problem solving, and self-referential thinking.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

This volume contains recent essays by leading authorities on different aspects of language, ranging from the computational underpinnings of syntactic and semantic properties to theories of conceptual and non-conceptual content.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Beginning with a seminal paper by Alan Turing, this volume presents the ideas behind the vision of mentality as computation and some critiques of that vision. It then clarifies the nature of the initial research and discusses the concepts of computation, symbol, information and representation.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1
• Introduction
• Tillmann Vierkant, Julian Kiverstein, and Andy Clark
• Part I: The Zombie Challenge
• Chapter 2
• The Neuroscience of Volition
• Adina L. Roskies
• Chapter 3
• Beyond Libet: Long-term Prediction of Free Choices from Neuroimaging Signals
• John-Dylan Haynes
• Chapter 4
• Vetoing and Consciousness
• Alfred R. Mele
• Chapter 5
• Determinism & Predictability
• Richard Holton
• Part II: The Sense of Agency
• Chapter 6
• From the Fact to the Sense of Agency
• Manos Tsakiris and Aikaterini Fotopoulou
• Chapter 7
• Ambiguity in the Sense of Agency
• Shaun Gallagher
• Chapter 8
• There's Nothing Life Being Free: Default Dispositions, Judgments of Freedom, and the Phenomenology of Coercion
• Fabio Paglieri
• Chapter 9
• Agency as a Marker of Consciousness
• Tim Bayne
• Part III: The Function of Conscious Control: Conflict Resolution, Emotion, and Mental Actions
• Chapter 10
• Voluntary Action and the Three Forms of Binding in the Brain
• Ezequiel Morsella, Tara C. Dennehy, and John A. Bargh
• Chapter 11
• Emotion Regulation and Free Will
• Nico H. Frijda
• Chapter 12
• Action Control by Implementation Intentions: The Role of Discrete Emotions
• Sam J. Maglio, Peter M. Gollwitzer, and Gabriele Oettingen
• Chapter 13
• Mental Action and the Threat of Automaticity
• Wayne Wu
• Chapter 14
• Mental Acts as Natural Kinds
• Joelle Proust
• Part IV: Decomposed Accounts of the Will
• Chapter 15
• Managerial control and free mental agency
• Tillmann Vierkant
• Chapter 16
• Recomposing the Will: Distributed Motivation and Computer Mediated Extrospection
• Lars Hall and Petter Johansson
• Chapter 17
• Situationism and Moral Responsibility: Free Will in Fragments
• Manuel Vargas.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

There is growing evidence from the science of human behavior that our everyday, folk understanding of ourselves as conscious, rational, responsible agents may be radically mistaken. The science, some argue, recommends a view of conscious agency as merely epiphenomenal: an impotent accompaniment to the whirring unconscious machinery (the inner zombie) that prepares, decides and causes our behavior. The new essays in this volume display and explore this radical claim, revisiting the folk concept of the responsible agent after abandoning the image of a central executive, and "decomposing" the notion of the conscious will into multiple interlocking aspects and functions. Part 1 of this volume provides an overview of the scientific research that has been taken to support "the zombie challenge." In part 2, contributors explore the phenomenology of agency and what it is like to be the author of one's own actions. Part 3 then explores different strategies for using the science and phenomenology of human agency to respond to the zombie challenge. Questions explored include: what distinguishes automatic behavior and voluntary action? What, if anything, does consciousness contribute to the voluntary control of behavior? What does the science of human behavior really tell us about the nature of self-control?
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Vol. 1. Machines and thought / edited by P.J.R. Millican and A. Clark
• vol. 2. Connectionism, concepts, and folk psychology / edited by A. Clark and P.J.R. Millican.