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MTA Cooperative Group, Humans, Substance-Related Disorders, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Receptors, Peptide, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, Longitudinal Studies, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Pediatric, Clinical Research, Human Genome, Patient Safety, Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), Mental Health, Brain Disorders, Genetic Testing, Substance Abuse, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Genetics, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Peptide, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Psychology, Clinical Sciences, and Public Health and Health Services

Genetic factors are strongly implicated in the susceptibility to develop externalizing syndromes such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and substance use disorder (SUD). Variants in the ADGRL3 (LPHN3) gene predispose to ADHD and predict ADHD severity, disruptive behaviors comorbidity, long-term outcome, and response to treatment. In this study, we investigated whether variants within ADGRL3 are associated with SUD, a disorder that is frequently co-morbid with ADHD. Using family-based, case-control, and longitudinal samples from disparate regions of the world (n = 2698), recruited either for clinical, genetic epidemiological or pharmacogenomic studies of ADHD, we assembled recursive-partitioning frameworks (classification tree analyses) with clinical, demographic, and ADGRL3 genetic information to predict SUD susceptibility. Our results indicate that SUD can be efficiently and robustly predicted in ADHD participants. The genetic models used remained highly efficient in predicting SUD in a large sample of individuals with severe SUD from a psychiatric institution that were not ascertained on the basis of ADHD diagnosis, thus identifying ADGRL3 as a risk gene for SUD. Recursive-partitioning analyses revealed that rs4860437 was the predominant predictive variant. This new methodological approach offers novel insights into higher order predictive interactions and offers a unique opportunity for translational application in the clinical assessment of patients at high risk for SUD.

ARTIFICIAL intelligence, CAREER development, CREATIVE ability, WOMEN college teachers, and STUDY & teaching of medicine

Margaret Boden is Research Professor of Cognitive Science at the University of Sussex, where she was the founding dean of the university's School of Cognitive and Computing Sciences. Trained originally at the University of Cambridge and at Harvard University in medicine and the history of philosophy, she has since pursued and published in related fields such as psychology, social psychology, linguistics, neuroscience, cybernetics, control engineering, computer science, and artificial intelligence. A frequent interviewee on television and radio in the United Kingdom, she lectures widely in Europe, North and South America, and Asia. Boden is known best for two widely translated books, The Creative Mind: Myths and Mechanisms, where she draws on computational ideas to explore human intuition, and the two-volume history of cognitive science, Mind as Machine: A History of Cognitive Science, in which she investigates in a computational frame the range and latitude of consciousness itself. In this interview, Boden reflects on her diverse interests with special reference to the relationship of combinatory play to creativity and invention in science and technology, art and architecture, mathematics, philosophy, and literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social Sciences, Sociology (General), and HM401-1281

Reseña de la obra de Margaret A. Boden aparecida en 1984, Inteligencia artificial y hombre natural, Madrid: Tecnos. 642 p.

NATURE, WONDER, WORKMANSHIP, CREATIVE ability, and INSPIRATION

Wonder can be found in human creativity as well as in nature. While one version of belief in inspiration precludes human creativity, another presupposes it. Margaret Boden, however, suggests that creativity is continuous with generic human powers, and arises through breaking recognised rules. Problems are raised for this latter view. It needs to be added that creativity commonly involves participation in a tradition of skill or craftsmanship, and in a creative community. Further, the continuity approach is argued to be consistent with a version of the inspiration approach, according to which the Creator can communicate through minds reflective of his/her creative imagination, as suggested by Austin Farrer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]