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Presents Rodney Brooks's initial formulation of and contributions to the development of the behavioural approach to robotics. The text shows the philosophical/technical ideas that put the "bottom-up" approach in the forefront of research in not only Artificial Intelligence but in cognitive science.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
Until the mid-1980s, AI researchers assumed that an intelligent system doing high-level reasoning was necessary for the coupling of perception and action. In this traditional model, cognition mediates between perception and plans of action. Realizing that this core AI, as it was known, was illusory, Rodney A. Brooks turned the field of AI on its head by introducing the behavior-based approach to robotics. The cornerstone of behavior-based robotics is the realization that the coupling of perception and action gives rise to all the power of intelligence and that cognition is only in the eye of an observer. Behavior-based robotics has been the basis of successful applications in entertainment, service industries, agriculture, mining, and the home. It has given rise to both autonomous mobile robots and more recent humanoid robots such as Brooks' Cog. This book represents Brooks' initial formulation of and contributions to the development of the behavior-based approach to robotics. It presents all of the key philosophical and technical ideas that put this "bottom-up" approach at the forefront of current research in not only AI but all of cognitive science.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• pt. I. Technology. Robust layered control system for a mobile robot
• Robot that walks: emergent behaviors from a carefully evolved network
• Learning a distributed map representation based on navigation behaviors
• New approaches to robotics. pt. II. Philosophy. Intelligence without representation
• Planning is just a way of avoiding figuring out what to do next
• Elephants don't play chess
• Intelligence without reason.

Until the mid-1980s, AI researchers assumed that an intelligent system doing high-level reasoning was necessary for the coupling of perception and action. In this traditional model, cognition mediates between perception and plans of action. Realizing that this core AI, as it was known, was illusory, Rodney A. Brooks turned the field of AI on its head by introducing the behavior-based approach to robotics. The cornerstone of behavior-based robotics is the realization that the coupling of perception and action gives rise to all the power of intelligence and that cognition is only in the eye of an observer. Behavior-based robotics has been the basis of successful applications in entertainment, service industries, agriculture, mining, and the home. It has given rise to both autonomous mobile robots and more recent humanoid robots such as Brooks' Cog. This book represents Brooks' initial formulation of and contributions to the development of the behavior-based approach to robotics. It presents all of the key philosophical and technical ideas that put this "bottom-up" approach at the forefront of current research in not only AI but all of cognitive science.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Essential LISP. Standard List Operations. Control Structures. More List Operations. Programming Style. Input and Output. Functions. How LISP Works. Macros. Embedding Languages in LISP. Advanced Features. Other Features of Common LISP.
• Appendix 1.
• Appendix 2.
• Appendix 3. Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This introductory text in LISP, particularly Common LISP, teaches the language from basics to advanced artificial intelligence applications with a computer science orientation. The book covers modern control structures, lexically scoped interpreter, Macros, multiple values, catch and throw, structured iteration and its relation to recursion, and more.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Physical Human Robot Interaction and Haptics.- Session Overview Physical Human-Robot Integration and Haptics.- A Unified Passivity Based Control Framework for Position, Torque and Impedance Control of Flexible Joint Robots.- Wave Haptics: Encoderless Virtual Stiffnesses.- Reality-Based Estimation of Needle and Soft-Tissue Interaction for Accurate Haptic Feedback in Prostate Brachytherapy Simulation.- Haptic Virtual Fixtures for Robot-Assisted Manipulation.- Planning.- Session Overview Planning.- POMDP Planning for Robust Robot Control.- On the Probabilistic Foundations of Probabilistic Roadmap Planning.- Humanoids.- Session Overview Humanoids.- Humanoid HRP2-DHRC for Autonomous and Interactive Behavior.- Android Science.- Mimetic Communication Theory for Humanoid Robots Interacting with Humans.- Mechanism and Design.- Session Overview Mechanisms and Design.- Design of a Compact 6-DOF Haptic Device to Use Parallel Mechanisms.- Hybrid Nanorobotic Approaches to NEMS.- Jacobian, Manipulability, Condition Number and Accuracy of Parallel Robots.- SLAM.- Session Overview Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping.- Subjective Localization with Action Respecting Embedding.- D-SLAM: Decoupled Localization and Mapping for Autonomous Robots.- A Provably Consistent Method for Imposing Sparsity in Feature-Based SLAM Information Filters.- Field Robots.- Session Overview Field Robotics.- Field D*: An Interpolation-Based Path Planner and Replanner.- Tradeoffs Between Directed and Autonomous Driving on the Mars Exploration Rovers.- Surface Mining: Main Research Issues for Autonomous Operations.- Robotic Vision.- Session Overview Robotic Vision.- Bias Reduction and Filter Convergence for Long Range Stereo.- Fusion of Stereo, Colour and Contrast.- Automatic Single-Image 3d Reconstructions of Indoor Manhattan World Scenes.- Robot Design and Control.- Session Overview Robot Design and Control.- One Is Enough!.- A Steerable, Untethered, 250 x 60 m MEMS Mobile Micro-Robot.- Some Issues in Humanoid Robot Design.- That Which Does Not Stabilize, Will Only Make Us Stronger.- Underwater Robotics.- Session Overview Underwater Robotics.- Improved Estimation of Target Velocity Using Multiple Model Estimation and a Dynamic Bayesian Network for a Robotic Tracker of Ocean Animals.- Techniques for Deep Sea Near Bottom Survey Using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle.- Advances in High Resolution Imaging from Underwater Vehicles.- Learning and Adaptive Behavior.- Session Overview Learning and Adaptive Behavior.- Using AdaBoost for Place Labeling and Topological Map Building.- Emergence, Exploration and Learning of Embodied Behavior.- Hierarchical Conditional Random Fields for GPS-Based Activity Recognition.- Networked Robotics.- Session Overview Networked Robotics.- Networked Robotic Cameras for Collaborative Observation of Natural Environments.- Interfaces and Interaction.- Session Overview Interfaces and Interaction.- Haptic Communication Between Humans and Robots.- A Vestibular Interface for Natural Control of Steering in the Locomotion of Robotic Artifacts: Preliminary Experiments.- How Social Robots Will Help Us to Diagnose, Treat, and Understand Autism.- Invited Overview Talk.- Expo 2005 Robotics Project.- Robotics Science (Panel Discussion).- Position Statement: Robotics Science.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This volume contains 50 papers presented at the 12th International Symposium of Robotics Research, which took place October 2005 in San Francisco, CA. Coverage includes: physical human-robot interaction, humanoids, mechanisms and design, simultaneous localization and mapping, field robots, robotic vision, robot design and control, underwater robotics, learning and adaptive behavior, networked robotics, and interfaces and interaction.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Plenary Talks
• Evolutionary Systems for Brain Communications -- Towards an Artificial Brain / Katsunori Shimohara
• Emergent Functionality in Robotic Agents through On-Line Evolution / Luc Steels
• Long Papers
• Artificial Fishes with Autonomous Locomotion, Perception, Behavior, and Learning in a Simulated Physical World / Demetri Terzopoulos, Xiaoyuan Tu and Radek Grzeszczuk
• Evolving 3D Morphology and Behavior by Competition / Karl Sims
• Altruism in the Evolution of Communication / David H. Ackley and Michael L. Littman
• Evolution of Metabolism for Morphogenesis / Hiroaki Kitano
• Competition, Coevolution and the Game of Tag / Craig W. Reynolds
• In Praise of Interactive Emergence, or Why Explanations Don't Have to Wait for Implementations / Horst Hendriks-Jansen
• Spencer and Dewey on Life and Mind / Peter Godfrey-Smith
• Crossovers Generate Non-Random Recombinants under Darwinian Selection / Gene Levinson
• Steps Towards Co-Evolutionary Classification Neural Networks. / Jan Paredis
• Self-Organisation in a System of Binary Strings / Wolfgang Banzhaf
• Effects of Tree Size on Travelband Formation in Orang-Utans: Data Analysis Suggested by a Model Study / Irenaeus J.A. te Boekhorst and Pauline Hogeweg
• A Biologically Inspired Immune System for Computers / Jeffrey O. Kephart
• Egrets of a Feather Flock Together / Yukihiko toquenaga, Isamu Kajitani and Tsutomu Hoshino
• A Model of the Effects of Dispersal Distance on the Evolution of Virulence in Parasites / C.C. Maley
• Innate Biases and Critical Periods: Combining Evolution and Learning in the Acquisition of Syntax / John Batali
• Dynamics of Self-Assembling Systems -- Analogy with Chemical Kinetics / Kazuo Hosokawa, Isao Shimoyama and Hirofumi Miura
• From Local Actions to Global Tasks: Stigmergy and Collective Robotics / R. Beckers, O.E. Holland and J.L. Deneubourg
• How to Evolve Autonomous Robots: Different Approaches in Evolutionary Robotics / Stefano Nolfi, Dario Floreano, Orazio Miglino and Francesco Mondada
• Evolving Visual Routines / Michael Patrick Johnson, Pattie Maes and Trevor Darrell
• Evolving Sensors in Environments of Controlled Complexity / Filippo Menczer and Richard K. Belew
• Traffic at the Edge of Chaos / Kai Nagel and Steen Rasmussen
• A Phase Transition in Random Boolean Networks / James F. Lynch
• Toward an Evolvable Model of Development for Autonomous Agent Synthesis / Frank Dellaert and Randall D. Beer
• Bifurcation Structure in Diversity Dynamics / Mark A. Bedau and Alan Bahm
• On Modelling Life / Chris Adami
• Short Papers
• Genes, Phenes and the Baldwin Effect: Learning and Evolution in a Simulated Population / Robert M. French and Adam Messinger
• Evolving Multi-Cellular Artificial Life / Kurt Thearling and Thomas S. Ray
• Meshing of Engineering Domains by Meitotic Cell Division / Kazuhiro Saitou and Mark J. Jakiela
• Simulating Natural Spacing Patterns of Insect Bristles Using a Network of Interacting Celloids / Hiroaki Inayoshi
• Character Recognition Agents / Lija Zhou and Stan Franklin
• The Building Behavior of Lattice Swarms / Eric Bonabeau, Guy Theraulaz, Eric Arpin and Emmanuel Sardet
• Modeling Adaptive Self-Organization / Jari Vaario
• Robot Herds: Group Behaviors for Systems with Significant Dynamics / Jessica K. Hodgins and David C. Brogan
• A Futures Market Simulation with Non-Rational Participants / Michael de la Maza and Deniz Yuret
• Evolutionary Differentiation of Learning Abilities -- a case study on optimizing parameter values in Q-Learning by a Genetic Algorithm / Tatsuo Unemi, Masahiro Nagayoshi, Nobumasa Hirayama, Toshiaki Nade, Kiyoshi Yano and Yasuhiro Masuhima
• Exploring the Foundations of Artificiall Societies: Experiments in Evolving Solutions to Iterated N-Player Prisoner's Dilemma / Steve Bankes
• Evolutionary Dynamics of Altruistic Behavior in Optional and Compulsory Versions of the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma / John Batali and Philip Kitcher
• Evolving Cooperation in the Non-Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma: The Importance of Spatial Organization / Mihcael Oliphant
• An Alternate Interpretation of the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma and the Evolution of Non-Mutual Cooperation / Peter J. Angeline
• Asymmetric Mutations Due to Semiconservative DNA Replication: Double-stranded DNA Type Genetic Algorithms / Hirofumi Doi, Ken-nosuke Wada and Mitsuru Furusawa
• Embryological Development on Silicon / P. Marchal, C. Piguet, D. Mange, A. Stauffer and S. Durand
• Development and Evolution of Hardware Behaviors / Hitoshi Hemmi, Jun'ichi Mizoguchi and Katsunori Shimohara
• Evolutionary Learning in the 2D Artificial Life System "Avida" / Chris Adami and C. Titus Brown
• Asynchrony Induces Stability in Cellular Automata Based models / Hugues Bersini and Vincent Detours
• Evolutionary Automata / Murray Shanahan
• Non-Uniform Cellular Automata: Evolution in Rule Space and Formation of Complex Structures / Moshe Sipper
• Evolutionary Robots: Our Hands In Their Brains? / James V. Stone
• Universality Without Matter? / Alvaro Moreno, Arantza Etxeberria and Jon Umerez
• Emergent Phenomena and Complexity / Vince Darley
• Autonomy vs. Environmental Dependency in Neural Knowledge Representation / Markus F. Peschi
• Adiversity Stepping Up Trophic Levels / Takuya Saruwatari, Yukihiko Toquenaga and Tsutomu Hoshino
• Artificial Culture / Nicholas Gessler
• Explorations in The Emergence of Morphology and Locomotion Behavior in Animated Characters / Jeffrey Ventrella
• An Instance of a Parasitic Replicator / Alun Rhys Jones and Adrian J. West.

July 6-8, 1994 * the Massachusetts Institute of Technology The field of artificial life has recently emerged through the interaction of research in biology, physics, parallel computing, artificial intelligence, and complex adaptive systems. The goal is to understand, through synthetic experiments, the organizational principles underlying the dynamics (usually the nonlinear dynamics) of living systems. This book brings together contributions to the Fourth Artificial Life Workshop, held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the summer of 1994. Topics include: - Self-organization and emergent functionality. - Definitions of life. - Origin of life. - Self-reproduction. - Computer viruses. - Synthesis of "the living state." - Evolution and population genetics. - Coevolution and ecological dynamics. - Growth, development, and differentiation. - Organization and behavior of social and colonial organisms. - Animal behavior. - Global and local ecosystems and their intersections. - Autonomous agents (mobile robots and software agents). - Collective intelligence ("swarm" intelligence). - Theoretical biology. - Philosophical issues in A-life (from ontology to ethics). - Formalisms and tools for A-life research. - Guidelines and safeguards for the practice of A-life. A Bradford Book.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

July 6-8, 1994 * the Massachusetts Institute of Technology The field of artificial life has recently emerged through the interaction of research in biology, physics, parallel computing, artificial intelligence, and complex adaptive systems. The goal is to understand, through synthetic experiments, the organizational principles underlying the dynamics (usually the nonlinear dynamics) of living systems. This book brings together contributions to the Fourth Artificial Life Workshop, held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the summer of 1994. Topics include: - Self-organization and emergent functionality. - Definitions of life. - Origin of life. - Self-reproduction. - Computer viruses. - Synthesis of "the living state." - Evolution and population genetics. - Coevolution and ecological dynamics. - Growth, development, and differentiation. - Organization and behavior of social and colonial organisms. - Animal behavior. - Global and local ecosystems and their intersections. - Autonomous agents (mobile robots and software agents). - Collective intelligence ("swarm" intelligence). - Theoretical biology. - Philosophical issues in A-life (from ontology to ethics). - Formalisms and tools for A-life research. - Guidelines and safeguards for the practice of A-life. A Bradford Book.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

This volume results from a conference in which a number of researchers from the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and biology examined whether there was any ground to assume that a new AI paradigm was forming itself, and what the essential ingredients of this new paradigm were.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)