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• Preface
• Semi-supervised Learning
• Local Tangent Space Laplacian Eigenmaps
• Multi-Step Model of Switching Reinforcement Learning to Mimic Infants` Motor Development
• Reverse Engineering Networks as Ordinary Differential Equations Systems
• The Relevance of Bayesian Experimental Design for Modeling in Systems Biology
• Topographic Maps for clustering & fast identification of bacteria using 16S housekeeping gene
• Cognitive Modelling of Language Acquisition with Complex Networks
• Process Mining & Visual Analytics: Breathing Life into Business Process Models.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Computational intelligence aims to emulate aspects of biological systems for developing software and/or hardware that learns and adapts. Such systems primarily include neural networks, fuzzy logic systems and evolutionary computation each of them including multiple active and fast growing research directions. This book presents new and ground-breaking research from world-renowned experts focusing on various topics related to computational intelligence. What makes this book particularly interesting is the variety of subjects attained, which offer a global perspective on this central research field in the Knowledge Age.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Foreword vii Preface ix Acknowledgement xi
• Chapter 1: Introduction 1-20 1.1 Computational Intelligence 1 1.2 Paradigms of Computational Intelligence 2 1.3 Synergies of Computational Intelligence Techniques 11 1.4 Applications of Computational Intelligence 13 1.5 Grand Challenges of Computational Intelligence 14 1.6 Overview of the Book 14 1.7 Matlab Basics 16 1.8 Bibliography 17
• Chapter 2: Fuzzy Logic 21-78 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 Fuzzy Logic 23 2.3 Fuzzy Sets 24 2.4 Membership Functions 25 2.5 Features of MFs 30 2.6 Operations on Fuzzy sets 32 2.7 Linguistic Variables 39 2.8 Linguistic Hedges 42 2.9 Fuzzy Relations 45 2.10 Fuzzy If-Then Rules 48 2.11 Fuzzification 52 2.12 Defuzzification 54 2.13 Inference Mechanism 59 2.13.1 Mamdani Fuzzy Inference 60 2.13.2 Sugeno Fuzzy Inference 61 2.13.3 Tsukamoto Fuzzy Inference 65 2.14 Worked out Examples 67 2.15 Matlab Programs 76 2.16 Bibliography 77
• Chapter 3: Fuzzy Systems and Applications 79-128 3.1 Introduction 79 3.2 Fuzzy System 80 3.3 Fuzzy Modelling 81 3.3.1 Structure Identification 82 3.3.2 Parameter Identification 85 3.3.3 Construction of parameterised Membership Functions 86 3.4 Fuzzy Control 92 3.4.1 Fuzzification 93 3.4.2 Inference Mechanism 93 3.4.3 Rule-base 98 3.4.4 Defuzzification 100 3.5 Design of Fuzzy Controller 101 3.5.1 Input-output Selection 102 3.5.2 Choice of Membership Functions 102 3.5.3 Creation of Rule-base 103 3.5.4 Types of Fuzzy Controller 104 3.6 Modular Fuzzy Controller .121 3.7 Matlab Programs 124 3.8 Bibliography 125
• Chapter 4: Neural Networks 129-201 4.1 Introduction 129 4.2 Artificial Neuron Model 130 4.3 Activation Functions 132 4.4 Network Architecture 134 4.4.1 Feedforward Networks 134 4.4.1.1 Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) Networks 136 4.4.1.2 Radial Basis Function (RBF) Networks 138 4.4.1.3 General Regression Neural Networks 142 4.4.1.4 Probabilistic Neural Network 146 4.4.1.5 Belief Network 149 4.4.1.6 Hamming Network 150 4.4.1.7 Stochastic Networks 153 4.5 Learning in Neural Networks 153 4.5.1 Supervised learning 154 4.5.1.1 Widro-Hoff Learning Algorithm 155 4.5.1.2 Gradient Descent Rule 4.5.1.3 Generalised Delta Learning Rule 162 4.5.1.4 Backpropagation Learning Algorithm 165 4.5.1.5 Cohen-Grossberg Learning Rule 171 4.5.1.6 Adaptive Conjugate Gradient Model of Adeli and Hung 173 4.5.2 Unsupervised Learning 173 4.5.2.1 Hebbian Learning Rule 174 4.5.2.2 Kohonen Learning 178 4.6 Recurrent Neural Networks 187 4.6.1 Elman Networks 189 4.6.2 Jordan Networks 192 4.6.3 Hopfield Networks 194 4.7 Matlab Programs 198 4.8 Bibliography 198
• Chapter 5: Neural Systems 202-232 5.1 Introduction 200 5.2 System Identification and Control 201 5.2.1 System Description 201 5.2.2 System Identification 202 5.2.3 System Control ..203 5.3 Neural Networks for Control 205 5.3.1 System Identification 206 5.3.2 Neural Networks for Control Design 208 5.3.2.1 NN-based direct (or specialised learning) control 209 5.3.2.2 NN-based indirect control .210 5.3.2.3 Backpropagation-through time control 211 5.3.2.4 NN-based direct inverse control 212 5.3.2.5 Model Predictive Control 214 5.3.2.6 NN-based Adaptive Control 216 5.3.2.7 NARMA-L2 (Feedback Linearization) Control 223 5.4 Matlab Programs 226 5.5 Bibliography 227
• Chapter 6: Evolutionary Computation 233-304 6.1 Introduction 233 6.2 Evolutionary Computing 234 6.3 Terminologies of Evolutionary Computing 235 6.3.1 Chromosome Representation 235 6.3.2 Encoding Scheme 236 6.3.3 Population 243 6.3.4 Evaluation (or Fitness) Functions 245 6.3.5 Fitness Scaling 246 6.4 Genetic Operators 247 6.4.1 Selection Operators 247 6.4.2 Crossover Operators 252 6.4.3 Mutation Operators 261 6.5 Performance Measure of EA 264 6.6 Evolutionary Algorithms 265 6.6.1 Evolutionary Programming 265 6.6.2 Evolution Strategies 271 6.6.3 Genetic Algorithms 277 6.6.4 Genetic Programming 283 6.6.5 Differential Evolution 294 6.6.6 Cultural Algorithm 299 6.7 Matlab Programs 300 6.8 Bibliography 301
• Chapter 7: Evolutionary Systems 305-340 7.1 Optimisation .305 7.2 Multi-objective Optimisation ..310 7.2.1 Vector Evaluated GA 315 7.2.2 Multi-objective GA 315 7.2.3 Niched Pareto GA .316 7.2.4 Non-dominated Sorting GA 316 7.2.5 Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm 318 7.3 Co-evolution .319 7.3.1 Cooperative Co-evolution 324 7.3.2 Competitive Co-evolution .326 7.4 Parallel Evolutionary Algorithms 328 7.4.1 Global GA 329 7.4.2 Migration (or Island) Model GA 330 7.4.3 Diffusion GA .331 7.4.4 Hybrid Parallel GA 334 7.5 Bibliography .336
• Chapter 8: Evolutionary Fuzzy Systems 341-392 8.1 Introduction 341 8.2 Evolutionary Adaptive Fuzzy Systems 343 8.2.1 Evolutionary Tuning of Fuzzy Systems 345 8.2.2 Evolutionary Learning of Fuzzy Systems 361 8.3 Objective Functions and Evaluation 368 8.3.1 Objective Functions 368 8.3.2 Evaluation 370 8.4 Fuzzy Adaptive Evolutionary Algorithms 371 8.4.1 Fuzzy Logic based Control of EA Parameters 374 8.4.2 Fuzzy Logic based Genetic Operators of EA 387 8.5 Bibliography 388
• Chapter 9: Evolutionary Neural Systems 393-455 9.1 Introduction 393 9.2 Supportive Combinations 395 9.2.1 NN-EA Supportive Combination 395 9.2.2 EA-NN Supportive Combination 398 9.3 Collaborative Combinations 406 9.3.1 EA for NN Connection Weight Training 408 9.3.2 EA for NN Architectures 416 9.3.3 EA for NN Node Transfer Functions 430 9.3.4 EA for NN Weight, Architecture and Transfer Function Training 434 9.4 Amalgamated Combination 437 9.5 Competing Conventions 440 9.6 Bibliography 447
• Chapter 10: Neuro Fuzzy Systems 455-530 10.1 Introduction 455 10.2 Combination of Neural and Fuzzy Systems 458 10.3 Cooperative Neuro-Fuzzy Systems 459 10.3.1 Cooperative FS-NN Systems 460 10.3.2 Cooperative NN-FS Systems 461 10.4 Concurrent Neuro-Fuzzy Systems 470 10.5 Hybrid Neuro-Fuzzy Systems 471 10.5.1 Fuzzy Neural Networks with Mamdani-type Fuzzy Inference System 472 10.5.2 Fuzzy Neural Networks with Takagi-Sugeno-type Fuzzy Inference System 474 10.5.3 Fuzzy Neural Networks with Tsukamoto-type Fuzzy Inference System 476 10.5.4 Neural Network based Fuzzy System (Sigma-Pi Network) 480 10.5.5 Fuzzy-Neural System Architecture with Ellipsoid Input Space 484 10.5.6 Fuzzy Adaptive Learning Control Network (FALCON) 487 10.5.7 Approximate Reasoning based Intelligent Control (ARIC) 490 10.5.8 Generalised ARIC (GARIC) 495 10.5.9 Fuzzy Basis Function Networks (FBFN) 502 10.5.10 FUzzy Net (FUN) 505 10.5.11 Combination of Fuzzy Inference and Neural Network in Fuzzy Inference Software (FINEST) 507 10.5.12 Neuro-Fuzzy Controller (NEFCON) 510 10.5.13 Self-constructing Neural Fuzzy Inference Network (SONFIN) 512 10.6 Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy System 515 10.6.1 Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) 516 10.6.2 Coactive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (CANFIS) 519 10.7 Fuzzy Neurons 523 10.8 Matlab Programs 526 10.9 Bibliography 527 Appendix531-606 Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Foreword xiii Preface xv Acknowledgements xix
• 1 Introduction to Computational Intelligence 1 1.1 Computational Intelligence 1 1.2 Paradigms of Computational Intelligence 2 1.3 Approaches to Computational Intelligence 3 1.4 Synergies of Computational Intelligence Techniques 11 1.5 Applications of Computational Intelligence 12 1.6 Grand Challenges of Computational Intelligence 13 1.7 Overview of the Book 13 1.8 MATLAB R - Basics 14 References 15
• 2 Introduction to Fuzzy Logic 19 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Fuzzy Logic 20 2.3 Fuzzy Sets 21 2.4 Membership Functions 22 2.5 Features of MFs 27 2.6 Operations on Fuzzy Sets 29 2.7 Linguistic Variables 33 2.8 Linguistic Hedges 35 2.9 Fuzzy Relations 37 2.10 Fuzzy If Then Rules 39 2.11 Fuzzification 43 2.12 Defuzzification 44 2.13 Inference Mechanism 48 2.14 Worked Examples 54 2.15 MATLAB R - Programs 61 References 61
• 3 Fuzzy Systems and Applications 65 3.1 Introduction 65 3.2 Fuzzy System 66 3.3 Fuzzy Modelling 67 3.4 Fuzzy Control 75 3.5 Design of Fuzzy Controller 81 3.6 Modular Fuzzy Controller 97 3.7 MATLAB R - Programs 99 References 100
• 4 Neural Networks 103 4.1 Introduction 103 4.2 Artificial Neuron Model 106 4.3 Activation Functions 107 4.4 Network Architecture 108 4.5 Learning in Neural Networks 124 4.6 Recurrent Neural Networks 149 4.7 MATLAB R - Programs 155 References 156
• 5 Neural Systems and Applications 159 5.1 Introduction 159 5.2 System Identification and Control 160 5.3 Neural Networks for Control 163 5.4 MATLAB R - Programs 179 References 180
• 6 Evolutionary Computing 183 6.1 Introduction 183 6.2 Evolutionary Computing 183 6.3 Terminologies of Evolutionary Computing 185 6.4 Genetic Operators 194 6.5 Performance Measures of EA 208 6.6 Evolutionary Algorithms 209 6.7 MATLAB R - Programs 234 References 235
• 7 Evolutionary Systems 239 7.1 Introduction 239 7.2 Multi-objective Optimization 243 7.3 Co-evolution 250 7.4 Parallel Evolutionary Algorithm 256 References 262
• 8 Evolutionary Fuzzy Systems 265 8.1 Introduction 265 8.2 Evolutionary Adaptive Fuzzy Systems 267 8.3 Objective Functions and Evaluation 287 8.4 Fuzzy Adaptive Evolutionary Algorithms 290 References 303
• 9 Evolutionary Neural Networks 307 9.1 Introduction 307 9.2 Supportive Combinations 309 9.3 Collaborative Combinations 318 9.4 Amalgamated Combination 343 9.5 Competing Conventions 345 References 351
• 10 Neural Fuzzy Systems 357 10.1 Introduction 357 10.2 Combination of Neural and Fuzzy Systems 359 10.3 Cooperative Neuro-Fuzzy Systems 360 10.4 Concurrent Neuro-Fuzzy Systems 369 10.5 Hybrid Neuro-Fuzzy Systems 369 10.6 Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy System 404 10.7 Fuzzy Neurons 409 10.8 MATLAB R - Programs 411 References 412 Appendix A: MATLAB R - Basics 415 Appendix B: MATLAB R - Programs for Fuzzy Logic 433 Appendix C: MATLAB R - Programs for Fuzzy Systems 443 Appendix D: MATLAB R - Programs for Neural Systems 461 Appendix E: MATLAB R - Programs for Neural Control Design 473 Appendix F: MATLAB R - Programs for Evolutionary Algorithms 489 Appendix G: MATLAB R - Programs for Neuro-Fuzzy Systems 497 Index 507.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Computational Intelligence: Synergies of Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks and Evolutionary Computing presents an introduction to some of the cutting edge technological paradigms under the umbrella of computational intelligence. Computational intelligence schemes are investigated with the development of a suitable framework for fuzzy logic, neural networks and evolutionary computing, neuro-fuzzy systems, evolutionary-fuzzy systems and evolutionary neural systems. Applications to linear and non-linear systems are discussed with examples. Key features: Covers all the aspects of fuzzy, neural and evolutionary approaches with worked out examples, MATLAB(R) exercises and applications in each chapter Presents the synergies of technologies of computational intelligence such as evolutionary fuzzy neural fuzzy and evolutionary neural systems Considers real world problems in the domain of systems modelling, control and optimization Contains a foreword written by Lotfi Zadeh Computational Intelligence: Synergies of Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks and Evolutionary Computing is an ideal text for final year undergraduate, postgraduate and research students in electrical, control, computer, industrial and manufacturing engineering.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE-BASED AND INTELLIGENT INFORMATION AND ENGINEERING SYSTEMS; Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications; Preface; Contents; Set of Experience and Experiential Decisional DNA; An Estimation of Distribution Algorithm for Solving the Quay Crane Scheduling Problem with Availability Constraints; Performance comparison of non-RNN and RNN in Emergence of Discrete Decision Making through Reinforcement Learning; Genetic Algorithm Solving Orienteering Problem in Large Networks; Optimisation of Ensemble Classifiers using Genetic Algorithm.

• A Learning Based Evolutionary Algorithm For Distributed Multi-Depot VRPPositive Predictive Value based dynamic K-Nearest Neighbor; An Analysis of Clustering Approaches to Distributed Learning on Heterogeneously Distributed Datasets; Unsupervised Discretization Method based on Adjustable Intervals; Evaluation of Random Subspace and Random Forest Regression Models Based on Genetic Fuzzy Syste; A logic for strategies in persuasion dialogue games; Multi-Agent Logic based on Temporary Logic TS4Kn serving Web Search; LMT: A Lightweight Logical Framework for Multi-agent Systems.

• Adaptive organization for cooperative systemsAn optimal tactic for intelligent agents to conduct search & detection operations based on multiple look angles; A complex system approach for a reliable Smart Grid modeling; A Comparison Analysis of Consensus Determining Using One and Two-level Methods; Multi-Agent Logic with Distances, Uncertainty and Interaction Based on Linear Temporal Frames; A framework for handling fuzzy temporal events; On the Continuous Evaluation of the Macrostructure of Sleep.

• Entropic Dimensionality Reduction in Discriminating Between Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular DementiaMeaning Judgment Method for Alphabet Abbreviation Using the Association Mechanism; Method of Constructing the Integral OLAP-model based on Formal Concept Analysis; Semantically Enhanced Text Stemmer (SETS) for Document Clustering; Prosaico: Characterisation of objectives within the scope of an intelligent system for sport advising; Exploiting the Self-Organizing Financial Stability Map; Knowledge-Driven Method for Object Qualification in 3D Point Cloud Data.

• SAC3̂
• A Rule-Based System to Include Context in the Durability Analysis of Civil StructuresPredicting the Final Result of Sporting Events Based on Changes in Bookmaker Odds; A Novel Channel Estimation Scheme Combining Adaptive Supervised and Unsupervised Algorithms; Reference signal cancellation in passive radar using Volterra-Wiener class filter with dynamic structure; Prosodic feature normalization for emotionre cognition by using synthesized speech; Regularity Dimension of Medical Images; Automatic Scoring of Shooting Targets with Tournament Precision.

• Evolutionary computation and its applications. 1. Maximal margin algorithms for pose estimation / Ying Guo and Jiaming Li. 2. Polynomial modeling in a dynamic environment based on a particle swarm optimization / Kit Yan Chan and Tharam S. Dillon. 3. Restoration of half-toned color-quantized images using particle swarm optimization with multi-wavelet mutation / Frank H.F. Leung, Benny C.W. Yeung and Y.H. Chan
• Fuzzy logics and their applications. 4. Hypoglycemia detection for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: evolved fuzzy inference system approach / S.H. Ling, P.P. San and H.T. Nguyen
• Neural networks and their applications. 5. Study of limit cycle behavior of weights of perceptron / C.Y.F. Ho and B.W.K. Ling. 6. Artificial neural network modeling with application to nonlinear dynamics / Yi Zhao. 7. Solving Eigen-problems of matrices by neural networks / Yiguang Liu [and others]. 8. Automated screw insertion monitoring using neural networks: a computational intelligence approach to assembly in manufacturing / Bruno Lara, Lakmal D. Seneviratne and Kaspar Althoefer
• Support vector machines and their applications. 9. On the applications of heart disease risk classification and hand-written character recognition using support vector machines / S.R. Alty, H.K. Lam and J. Prada. 10. Nonlinear modeling using support vector machine for heart rate response to exercise / Weidong Chen [and others]. 11. Machine learning-based nonlinear model predictive control for heart rate response to exercise / Yi Zhang [and others]. 12. Intelligent fault detection and isolation of HVAC system based on online support vector machine / Davood Dehestani [and others].

This book focuses on computational intelligence techniques and their applications - fast-growing and promising research topics that have drawn a great deal of attention from researchers over the years. It brings together many different aspects of the current research on intelligence technologies such as neural networks, support vector machines, fuzzy logic and evolutionary computation, and covers a wide range of applications from pattern recognition and system modeling, to intelligent control problems and biomedical applications. Fundamental concepts and essential analysis of various computational techniques are presented to offer a systematic and effective tool for better treatment of different applications, and simulation and experimental results are included to illustrate the design procedure and the effectiveness of the approaches.

• Evolutionary computation and its applications. 1. Maximal margin algorithms for pose estimation / Ying Guo and Jiaming Li. 2. Polynomial modeling in a dynamic environment based on a particle swarm optimization / Kit Yan Chan and Tharam S. Dillon. 3. Restoration of half-toned color-quantized images using particle swarm optimization with multi-wavelet mutation / Frank H.F. Leung, Benny C.W. Yeung and Y.H. Chan
• Fuzzy logics and their applications. 4. Hypoglycemia detection for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: evolved fuzzy inference system approach / S.H. Ling, P.P. San and H.T. Nguyen
• Neural networks and their applications. 5. Study of limit cycle behavior of weights of perceptron / C.Y.F. Ho and B.W.K. Ling. 6. Artificial neural network modeling with application to nonlinear dynamics / Yi Zhao. 7. Solving Eigen-problems of matrices by neural networks / Yiguang Liu [and others]. 8. Automated screw insertion monitoring using neural networks: a computational intelligence approach to assembly in manufacturing / Bruno Lara, Lakmal D. Seneviratne and Kaspar Althoefer
• Support vector machines and their applications. 9. On the applications of heart disease risk classification and hand-written character recognition using support vector machines / S.R. Alty, H.K. Lam and J. Prada. 10. Nonlinear modeling using support vector machine for heart rate response to exercise / Weidong Chen [and others]. 11. Machine learning-based nonlinear model predictive control for heart rate response to exercise / Yi Zhang [and others]. 12. Intelligent fault detection and isolation of HVAC system based on online support vector machine / Davood Dehestani [and others].

This book focuses on computational intelligence techniques and their applications - fast-growing and promising research topics that have drawn a great deal of attention from researchers over the years. It brings together many different aspects of the current research on intelligence technologies such as neural networks, support vector machines, fuzzy logic and evolutionary computation, and covers a wide range of applications from pattern recognition and system modeling, to intelligent control problems and biomedical applications. Fundamental concepts and essential analysis of various computational techniques are presented to offer a systematic and effective tool for better treatment of different applications, and simulation and experimental results are included to illustrate the design procedure and the effectiveness of the approaches.

• Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Introduction
• 1.1. Brief History of AI
• 1.2. Cognitive Issues of AI
• 1.3. Hierarchical Model of Thought
• 1.4. Symbolic Intelligence
• 1.5. Research Approaches of Artificial Intelligence
• 1.6. Automated Reasoning
• 1.7. Machine Learning
• 1.8. Distributed Artificial Intelligence
• 1.9. Artificial Thought Model
• 1.10. Knowledge Based Systems
• Exercises
• ch. 2 Logic Foundation of Artificial Intelligence
• 2.1. Introduction
• 2.2. Logic Programming
• 2.3. Nonmonotonic Logic
• 2.4. Closed World Assumption
• 2.5. Default Logic
• 2.6. Circumscription Logic
• 2.7. Nonmonotonic Logic NML
• 2.8. Autoepistemic Logic
• 2.9. Truth Maintenance System
• 2.10. Situation Calculus
• 2.11. Frame Problem
• 2.12. Dynamic Description Logic
• Exercises
• ch. 3 Constraint Reasoning
• 3.1. Introduction
• 3.2. Backtracking
• 3.3. Constraint Propagation
• 3.4. Constraint Propagation in Tree Search
• 3.5. Intelligent Backtracking and Truth Maintenance.

• 3.6. Variable Instantiation Ordering and Assignment Ordering
• 3.7. Local Revision Search
• 3.8. Graph-based Backjumping
• 3.9. Influence-based Backjumping
• 3.10. Constraint Relation Processing
• 3.11. Constraint Reasoning System COPS
• 3.12. ILOG Solver
• Exercise
• ch. 4 Qualitative Reasoning
• 4.1. Introduction
• 4.2. Basic approaches in qualitative reasoning
• 4.3. Qualitative Model
• 4.4. Qualitative Process
• 4.5. Qualitative Simulation Reasoning
• 4.6. Algebra Approach
• 4.7. Spatial Geometric Qualitative Reasoning
• Exercises
• ch. 5 Case-Based Reasoning
• 5.1. Overview
• 5.2. Basic Notations
• 5.3. Process Model
• 5.4. Case Representation
• 5.5. Case Indexing
• 5.6. Case Retrieval
• 5.7. Similarity Relations in CBR
• 5.8. Case Reuse
• 5.9. Case Retainion
• 5.10. Instance-Based Learning
• 5.11. Forecast System for Central Fishing Ground
• Exercises
• ch. 6 Probabilistic Reasoning
• 6.1. Introduction
• 6.2. Foundation of Bayesian Probability
• 6.3. Bayesian Problem Solving
• 6.4. Naive Bayesian Learning Model.

• 6.5. Construction of Bayesian Network
• 6.6. Bayesian Latent Semantic Model
• 6.7. Semi-supervised Text Mining Algorithms
• Exercises
• ch. 7 Inductive Learning
• 7.1. Introduction
• 7.2. Logic Foundation of Inductive Learning
• 7.3. Inductive Bias
• 7.4. Version Space
• 7.5. AQ Algorithm for Inductive Learning
• 7.6. Constructing Decision Trees
• 7.7. ID3 Learning Algorithm
• 7.8. Bias Shift Based Decision Tree Algorithm
• 7.9. Computational Theories of Inductive Learning
• Exercises
• ch. 8 Support Vector Machine
• 8.1. Statistical Learning Problem
• 8.2. Consistency of Learning Processes
• 8.3. Structural Risk Minimization Inductive Principle
• 8.4. Support Vector Machine
• 8.5. Kernel Function
• Exercises
• ch. 9 Explanation-Based Learning
• 9.1. Introduction
• 9.2. Model for EBL
• 9.3. Explanation-Based Generalization
• 9.4. Explanation Generalization using Global Substitutions
• 9.5. Explanation-Based Specialization
• 9.6. Logic Program of Explanation-Based Generalization
• 9.7. SOAR Based on Memory Chunks.

• 9.8. Operationalization
• 9.9. EBL with imperfect domain theory
• Exercises
• ch. 10 Reinforcement Learning
• 10.1. Introduction
• 10.2. Reinforcement Learning Model
• 10.3. Dynamic Programming
• 10.4. Monte Carlo Methods
• 10.5. Temporal-Difference Learning
• 10.6. Q-Learning
• 10.7. Function Approximation
• 10.8. Reinforcement Learning Applications
• Exercises
• ch. 11 Rough Set
• 11.1. Introduction
• 11.2. Reduction of Knowledge
• 11.3. Decision Logic
• 11.4. Reduction of Decision Tables
• 11.5. Extended Model of Rough Sets
• 11.6. Experimental Systems of Rough Sets
• 11.7. Granular Computing
• 11.8. Future Trends of Rough Set Theory
• Exercises
• ch. 12 Association Rules
• 12.1. Introduction
• 12.2. The Apriori Algorithm
• 12.3. FP-Growth Algorithm
• 12.4. CFP-Tree Algorithm
• 12.5. Mining General Fuzzy Association Rules
• 12.6. Distributed Mining Algorithm For Association Rules
• 12.7. Parallel Mining of Association Rules
• Exercises
• ch. 13 Evolutionary Computation
• 13.1. Introduction
• 13.2. Formal Model of Evolution System Theory.

• 13.3. Darwin's Evolutionary Algorithm
• 13.4. Classifier System
• 13.5. Bucket Brigade Algorithm
• 13.6. Genetic Algorithm
• 13.7. Parallel Genetic Algorithm
• 13.8. Classifier System Boole
• 13.9. Rule Discovery System
• 13.10. Evolutionary Strategy
• 13.11. Evolutionary Programming
• Exercises
• ch. 14 Distributed Intelligence
• 14.1. Introduction
• 14.2. The Essence of Agent
• 14.3. Agent Architecture
• 14.4. Agent Communication Language ACL
• 14.5. Coordination and Cooperation
• 14.6. Mobile Agent
• 14.7. Multi-Agent Environment MAGE
• 14.8. Agent Grid Intelligence Platform
• Exercises
• ch. 15 Artificial Life
• 15.1. Introduction
• 15.2. Exploration of Artificial Life
• 15.3. Artificial Life Model
• 15.4. Research Approach of Artificial Life
• 15.5. Cellular Automata
• 15.6. Morphogenesis Theory
• 15.7. Chaos Theories
• 15.8. Experimental Systems of Artificial Life
• Exercises.

Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science and a discipline in the study of machine intelligence, that is, developing intelligent machines or intelligent systems imitating, extending and augmenting human intelligence through artificial means and techniques to realize intelligent behavior.Advanced Artificial Intelligence consists of 16 chapters. The content of the book is novel, reflects the research updates in this field, and especially summarizes the author's scientific efforts over many years. The book discusses the methods and key technology from theory, algorithm, system and applications related to artificial intelligence. This book can be regarded as a textbook for senior students or graduate students in the information field and related tertiary specialities. It is also suitable as a reference book for relevant scientific and technical personnel.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• Swarm Intelligence & Fuzzy Systems
• Evolutionary Strategies to Find Pareto Fronts in Multiobjective Problems
• Particle Swarm Optimization Applied to Real-World Combinatorial Problems: The Case Study of the In-Core Fuel Management Optimization
• Swarm Intelligence & Artificial Neural Networks
• Application of Particle Swarm Optimization Method to Inverse Heat Radiation Problem
• Ant Colony Optimization for Fuzzy System Parameter Optimization: From Discrete to Continuous Space
• Particle Swarm Optimization: A Survey
• Application of PSO to Electromagnetic & Radar-Related Problems in Non Cooperative Target Identification
• Ant Colony Optimization: A Powerful Strategy for Biomarker Feature Selection
• Swarm Intelligence Based Anonymous Authentication Protocol for Dynamic Group Management in EHRM System
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Swarm Intelligence (SI) describes the evolving collective intelligence of population/groups of autonomous agents with a low level of intelligence. The population of agents interacts with each other or their environment locally using decentralised and self-organisational aspects in their decision making. SI and related sub-methods that follow its principles are used for problem solving in a variety of areas, such as robotics and forecasting. This book discusses swarm intelligence techniques and fuzzy logic as useful tools for solving practical engineering problems and the utilisation of a swarm intelligence algorithm to obtain the optimum neural network structure. Also explored is the application of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) methods to inverse heat radiation problems and PSO as a technique in computational electromagnetism problems.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• Using Mono-Objective & Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization for the Tuning of Process Control Laws
• Study on Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows Based on Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization Approach
• Reliability Optimization Problems using Adaptive Genetic Algorithm & Improved Particle Swarm Optimization
• Convergence Issues in Particle Swarm Optimization
• Globally Convergent Modifications of Particle Swarm Optimization for Unconstrained Optimization
• Nonlinear 0-1 Programming through Particle Swarm Optimization using Decoding Algorithms
• Comparative Study of Different Approaches to Particle Swarm Optimization in Theory & Practice
• Particle Swarm Optimization for Computer Graphics & Geometric Modeling: Recent Trends
• The Singly-Linked Ring Topology for the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
• PSO Assisted Multiuse Detection for DS-CDMA Communication Systems
• Optimization of Abrasive Flow Machining Process Parameters using Particle Swarm Optimization & Simulated Annealing Algorithms
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is an algorithm modelled on swarm intelligence that finds a solution to an optimisation problem in a search space or model and predicts social behaviour in the presence of objectives. The PSO is a stochastic, population-based computer algorithm modelled on swarm intelligence. Swarm intelligence is based on social-psychological principles and provides insights into social behaviour, as well as contributing to engineering applications. This book presents information on particle swarm optimisation such as using mono-objective and multi-objective particle swarm optimisation for the tuning of process control laws; convergence issues in particle swarm optimisation; study on vehicle routing problems using enhanced particle swarm optimisation and others.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Relatedness of Fuzzy Sets, Fuzzification of Allen's Temporal Interval Relation
• Reasoning About Qualitative Relations Between Fuzzy Intervals
• Temporal Information Retrieval with Vague Events
• Representation and Composition of Fuzzy Spatial Relations
• Fuzzification of the Region Connection Calculus
• Reasoning in the Fuzzy Region Connection Calculus
• Geographic Information Retrieval with Vague Regions.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book comprehensively studies fuzzy temporal and spatial information, starting from the basics on fuzzy set theory and temporal/spatial reasoning, the development of a new model to represent fuzzy temporal/spatial information, the study of efficient and complete reasoning algorithms, and their application in an information retrieval context. This useful volume presents the first approach that goes beyond merely representing information, by thoroughly addressing a variety of reasoning tasks. It also focuses on applications in the domain of information retrieval, and demonstrating the practical importance of the proposed framework.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Why kernels for structured data? 1.1. Supervised machine learning. 1.2. Kernel methods. 1.3. Representing structured data. 1.4. Goals and contributions. 1.5. Outline. 1.6. Bibliographical notes
• 2. Kernel methods in a nutshell. 2.1. Mathematical foundations. 2.2. Recognising patterns with kernels. 2.3. Foundations of kernel methods. 2.4. Kernel machines. 2.5. Summary
• 3. Kernel design. 3.1. General remarks on kernels and examples. 3.2. Kernel functions. 3.3. Introduction to kernels for structured data. 3.4. Prior work. 3.5. Summary
• 4. Basic term kernels. 4.1. Logics for learning. 4.2. Kernels for basic terms. 4.3. Multi-instance learning. 4.4. Related work. 4.5. Applications and experiments
• 5. Graph kernels. 5.1. Motivation and approach. 5.2. Labelled directed graphs. 5.3. Complete graph kernels. 5.4. Walk kernels. 5.5. Cyclic pattern kernels. 5.6. Related work. 5.7. Relational reinforcement learning. 5.8. Molecule classification. 5.9 Summary
• 6. Conclusions.

This book provides a unique treatment of an important area of machine learning and answers the question of how kernel methods can be applied to structured data. Kernel methods are a class of state-of-the-art learning algorithms that exhibit excellent learning results in several application domains. Originally, kernel methods were developed with data in mind that can easily be embedded in a Euclidean vector space. Much real-world data does not have this property but is inherently structured. An example of such data, often consulted in the book, is the (2D) graph structure of molecules formed by their atoms and bonds. The book guides the reader from the basics of kernel methods to advanced algorithms and kernel design for structured data. It is thus useful for readers who seek an entry point into the field as well as experienced researchers.

• Introduction and Role of Artificial Neural Networks
• Fundamentals of Biological Neural Networks
• Basic Principles of ANNs and Their Early Structures
• The Perceptron
• The Madaline
• Back Propagation
• Hopfield Networks
• Counter Propagation
• Adaptive Resonance Theory
• The Cognitron and the Neocogntiron
• Statistical Training
• Recurrent (Time Cycling) Back Propagation Networks
• Large Scale Memory Storage and Retrieval (LAMSTAR) Network.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The book should serve as a text for a university graduate course or for an advanced undergraduate course on neural networks in engineering and computer science departments. It should also serve as a self-study course for engineers and computer scientists in the industry. Covering major neural network approaches and architectures with the theories, this text presents detailed case studies for each of the approaches, accompanied with complete computer codes and the corresponding computed results. The case studies are designed to allow easy comparison of network performance to illustrate strengths and weaknesses of the different networks.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Web Intelligence, World Knowledge and Fuzzy Logic.- Towards More Powerful Information Technology via Computing with Words and Perceptions: Precisiated Natural Language, Protoforms and Linguistic Data Summaries.- Enhancing the Power of Search Engines and Navigations Based on Conceptual Model: Web Intelligence.- Soft Computing for Perception-Based Decision Processing and Analysis: Web-Based BISC-DSS.- Evaluating Ontology Based Search Strategies.- Soft Computing for Perception Based Information Processing.- Distributed Architecture for Modeling and Simulation of Autonomous Multi-agent Multi-Physics Systems.- Fuzzy Thesauri for and from the WWW.- Consumer Profiling Using Fuzzy Query and Social Network Techniques.- A Trial to Represent Dynamic Concepts.- SORE (Self Organizable Regulating Engine) - An Example of a Possible Building Block for a "Biologizing" Control System.- Multivariate Non-Linear Feature Selection with Kernel Methods.- A New Fuzzy Spectral Approach to Information Integration in a Search Engine.- Towards Irreducible Modeling of Structures and Functions of Protein Sequences.- Mining Fuzzy Association Rules: An Overview.- A Foundation for Computing with Words: Meta-Linguistic Axioms.- Augmented Fuzzy Cognitive Maps Supplemented with Case Based Reasoning for Advanced Medical Decision Support.- Pruning, Selective Binding and Emergence of Internal Models: Applications to ICA and Analogical Reasoning.- Evolution of the Laws That Deal with the Utilization of Information Networks.- Intelligent Type-2 Fuzzy Inference for Web Information Search Task.- Causality In An Inherently III Defined World.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Search engines, with Google at the top, have become the most heavily used online service, with millions of searches performed every day and many remarkable capabilities. Soft Computing for Information Processing and Analysis includes reports from the front of soft computing in the internet industry and imparts knowledge and understanding of the significance of the field's accomplishments, new developments and future directions. This carefully edited book has evolved from presentations made by the participants of a meeting entitled "Fuzzy Logic and the Internet: Enhancing the Power of the Internet", organized by the Berkeley Initiative in Soft Computing (BISC), University of California, Berkeley. It addresses the important topics of modern search engines such as fuzzy query, decision analysis and support systems, including articles about topics such as Web Intelligence, World Knowledge and Fuzzy Logic (by Lotfi A. Zadeh), perception based information processing, or web intelligence.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Mathematical Tools for Machine Intelligence
• Advanced Applications with Machine Intelligence
• Machine Intelligence for High Level Intelligent Systems.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book brings together the contributions of leading researchers in the field of machine intelligence, covering areas such as fuzzy logic, neural networks, evolutionary computation and hybrid systems.There is wide coverage of the subject - from simple tools, through industrial applications, to applications in high-level intelligent systems which are biologically motivated, such as humanoid robots (and selected parts of these systems, like the visual cortex). Readers will gain a comprehensive overview of the issues in machine intelligence, a field which promises to play a very important role in the information society of the future.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Mathematical Tools for Machine Intelligence
• Advanced Applications with Machine Intelligence
• Machine Intelligence for High Level Intelligent Systems.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book brings together the contributions of leading researchers in the field of machine intelligence, covering areas such as fuzzy logic, neural networks, evolutionary computation and hybrid systems.There is wide coverage of the subject - from simple tools, through industrial applications, to applications in high-level intelligent systems which are biologically motivated, such as humanoid robots (and selected parts of these systems, like the visual cortex). Readers will gain a comprehensive overview of the issues in machine intelligence, a field which promises to play a very important role in the information society of the future.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

For centuries, people have been fascinated by the possibility of building an artificial system that behaves intelligently. Now there is a new entry in this arena - neural networks. Naturally Intelligent Systems offers a comprehensive introduction to these exciting systems. It provides a technically accurate, yet down-to-earth discussion of neural networks, clearly explaining the underlying concepts of key neural network designs, how they are trained, and why they work. Throughout, the authors present actual applications that illustrate neural networks' utility in the new world.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
Naturally Intelligent Systems offers a comprehensive introduction to neural networks.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
For centuries, people have been fascinated by the possibility of building an artificial system that behaves intelligently. From Mary Shelley's Frankenstein monster to the computer intelligence of HAL in 2001, scientists have been cast in the role of creator of such devices. Now there is a new entry into this arena, neural networks, and "Naturally Intelligent Systems explores these systems to see how they work and what they can do. Neural networks are not computers in any traditional sense, and they have little in common with earlier approaches to the problem of fabricating intelligent behavior. Instead, they are information processing systems that are physically modeled after the structure of the brain and that are "trained to perform a task rather than programmed like a computer. Neural networks, in fact, provide a tool with problemsolving capabilities - and limitations - strikingly similar to those of animals and people. In particular, they are successful in applications such as speech, vision, robotics, and pattern recognition. "Naturally Intelligent Systems offers a comprehensive introduction to these exciting systems. It provides a technically accurate, yet down-to-earth discussion of neural networks. No particular mathematical background is necessary; it is written for all interested readers. "Naturally Intelligent Systents clearly explains the underlying concepts of key neural network designs, how they are trained, and why they work. It compares their behavior to the natural intelligence found in animals - and people. Throughout, Caudill and Butler bring the field into focus by presenting actual applications that illustrate neural networks' utility in the real world. MaureenCaudill is President of Adaptics, a neural network consulting company in San Diego and author of the popular "Neural Network Primer" articles that appear regularly in "AI Expert. Charles Butler is a Senior Principal Scientist at Physical Sciences in Alexandria, Virginia. He is a specialist in neural network application development. A Bradford Book.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Machine Learning Models.- Convex Optimization Theory.- Deterministic Convex Optimization.- Stochastic Convex Optimization.- Convex Finite-sum and Distributed Optimization.- Nonconvex Optimization.- Projection-free Methods.- Operator Sliding and Decentralized Optimization.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book covers not only foundational materials but also the most recent progresses made during the past few years on the area of machine learning algorithms. In spite of the intensive research and development in this area, there does not exist a systematic treatment to introduce the fundamental concepts and recent progresses on machine learning algorithms, especially on those based on stochastic optimization methods, randomized algorithms, nonconvex optimization, distributed and online learning, and projection free methods. This book will benefit the broad audience in the area of machine learning, artificial intelligence and mathematical programming community by presenting these recent developments in a tutorial style, starting from the basic building blocks to the most carefully designed and complicated algorithms for machine learning.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• e-Learning so far
• MOOCs, Crowdsourcing and Social Networks
• User Profiling and Personalisation
• Personal Learning Networks, Portfolios and Environments
• Customised e-Learning
• Looking Ahead.

This book reviews a blend of artificial intelligence (AI) approaches that can take e-learning to the next level by adding value through customization. It investigates three methods: crowdsourcing via social networks; user profiling through machine learning techniques, and personal learning portfolios using learning analytics. Technology and education have drawn closer together over the years as they complement each other within the domain of e-learning, and different generations of online education reflect the evolution of new technologies as researcher and developers continuously seek to optimize the electronic medium to enhance the effectiveness of e-learning. Artificial intelligence (AI) for e-learning promises personalized online education through a combination of different intelligent techniques that are grounded in established learning theories while at the same time addressing a number of common e-learning issues. This book is intended for education technologists and e-learning researchers as well as for a general readership interested in the evolution of online education based on techniques like machine learning, crowdsourcing, and learner profiling that can be merged to characterize the future of personalized e-learning.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Motivation.- Closing the Loop: Placing Ontology Usage Analysis in the Ontology Development and Deployment Lifecycle.- Ontology Usage Analysis Framework (OUSAF).- Identification Phase : Ontology Usage Network Analysis Framework (OUN-AF).- Investigation Phase: Empirical Analysis of Domain Ontology Usage (EMP-AF).
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This unique book succinctly summarizes the need to measure how ontologies (one of the building blocks of the Semantic Web) are currently being utilized, providing insights for various stakeholders. Where possible it improves and reuses terms in existing vocabularies/ontologies, as recommended by the Linked Data community. Recent advances in the Semantic Web have led to a proliferation of Resource Description Framework (RDF) data, which employ ontologies to semantically describe the information on the Web making it equally understandable for both humans and machines. However, to create a network effect, it is important that selective ontologies are used by more data publishers to improve the value of that ontology. For this to happen, it is vital to discover what is being used from an ontology to semantically annotate the information on the Web specific to a given domain. Answers to such basic but crucial questions can only be achieved by ascertaining how ontologies in the current semantic web are being utilized and adopted. The proposed frameworks to obtain such insights are explained with real-world examples to provide a clear and detailed description of ontology usage analysis. Both theoretical and practical, the book is of value to academics and professionals working in industry. Specifically, it is of primary interest to researchers, graduate students and practitioners in the area of the Semantic Web and its various real-world applications.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part I Global Robot Path Planning
• 1.
• Introduction to Mobile Robot Path Planning
• 2.
• Background on Artificial Intelligence Algorithms for Global Path Planning
• 3.
• Design and Evaluation of Intelligent Global Path Planning Algorithms 4.
• Integration of Global Path Planners in ROS
• 5.
• Robot Path Planning using Cloud Computing for Large Grid Maps
• Part II Multi-Robot Task Allocation
• 6.
• General Background on Multi-Robot Task Allocation
• 7.
• Different Approaches to Solve the MRTA Problem
• 8.
• Performance Analysis of the MRTA Approaches for Autonomous Mobile Robot .
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book presents extensive research on two main problems in robotics: the path planning problem and the multi-robot task allocation problem. It is the first book to provide a comprehensive solution for using these techniques in large-scale environments containing randomly scattered obstacles. The research conducted resulted in tangible results both in theory and in practice. For path planning, new algorithms for large-scale problems are devised and implemented and integrated into the Robot Operating System (ROS). The book also discusses the parallelism advantage of cloud computing techniques to solve the path planning problem, and, for multi-robot task allocation, it addresses the task assignment problem and the multiple traveling salesman problem for mobile robots applications. In addition, four new algorithms have been devised to investigate the cooperation issues with extensive simulations and comparative performance evaluation. The algorithms are implemented and simulated in MATLAB and Webots.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Temporal Costs of Computing Unit Redundancy in Steady and Transient State.- SIPE: A Domain-Specific Language for Specifying Interactive Programming Exercises.- Managing Software Complexity by Exploiting Software Similarity Patterns.- A Prototype Tool for Semantic Validation of UML class Diagrams with the Use of Domain Ontologies Expressed in OWL 2.- Ensuring the Strong Exception Safety.- Efficient Testing of Time-dependent, Asynchronous Code.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book reports on recent advances in software engineering research and practice. Divided into 15 chapters, it addresses: languages and tools; development processes; modelling, simulation and verification; and education. In the first category, the book includes chapters on domain-specific languages, software complexity, testing and tools. In the second, it reports on test-driven development, processing of business rules, and software management. In turn, subsequent chapters address modelling, simulation and verification of real-time systems, mobile systems and computer networks, and a scrum-based framework. The book was written by researchers and practitioners, the goal being to achieve a synergistic combination of research results achieved in academia and best practices used in the industry, and to provide a valuable reference guide for both groups.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)