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• Acknowledgments Preface
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Literature Review: The influence of context on information behavior
• 3. Mapping the conceptual space of context
• 4. Discussion
• 5. Definition and conclusions
• 6. Further Reading References Author Biography.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The field of human information behavior runs the gamut of processes from the realization of a need or gap in understanding, to the search for information from one or more sources to fill that gap, to the use of that information to complete a task at hand or to satisfy a curiosity, as well as other behaviors such as avoiding information or finding information serendipitously. Designers of mechanisms, tools and computer-based systems to facilitate this seeking and search process often lack a full knowledge of the context surrounding the search. This context may vary depending on the job or role of the person, individual characteristics such as personality, domain knowledge, age, gender, perception of self, etc., the task at hand, the source and the channel as well as their degree of accessibility and usability, and the relationship that the seeker shares with the source. Yet researchers still do not to agree on what context really means. While there have been various research studies incorporating context and biennial conferences on context in information behavior, there lacks a clear definition of what context is, what its boundaries are, and what elements and variables comprise context. This book looks at the many definitions and theoretical and empirical studies of context, and the author attempts to map the conceptual space of context in information behavior. The book proposes theoretical frameworks for mapping the boundaries, elements and variables of context. It further discusses how to incorporate these frameworks and variables in the design of research studies on context. The author then arrives at a unified definition of context. This book should provide a better understanding of context to designers of search systems as they seek to meet the needs and demands of information seekers. It will be an important resource for researchers in Library and Information Science, especially doctoral students looking for one resource that covers an exhaustive range of the most current literature related to context, the best selection of classics, and a synthesis of these into theoretical frameworks and a unified definition. The book should help to move forward research in the field by clarifying pertinent elements, variables, and views. In particular, the list of elements to be considered, and the variables associated with each element, will be extremely useful to researchers wanting to include the influences of context in their studies.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Acknowledgments Preface
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Literature Review: The influence of context on information behavior
• 3. Mapping the conceptual space of context
• 4. Discussion
• 5. Definition and conclusions
• 6. Further Reading References Author Biography.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The field of human information behavior runs the gamut of processes from the realization of a need or gap in understanding, to the search for information from one or more sources to fill that gap, to the use of that information to complete a task at hand or to satisfy a curiosity, as well as other behaviors such as avoiding information or finding information serendipitously. Designers of mechanisms, tools and computer-based systems to facilitate this seeking and search process often lack a full knowledge of the context surrounding the search. This context may vary depending on the job or role of the person, individual characteristics such as personality, domain knowledge, age, gender, perception of self, etc., the task at hand, the source and the channel as well as their degree of accessibility and usability, and the relationship that the seeker shares with the source. Yet researchers still do not to agree on what context really means. While there have been various research studies incorporating context and biennial conferences on context in information behavior, there lacks a clear definition of what context is, what its boundaries are, and what elements and variables comprise context. This book looks at the many definitions and theoretical and empirical studies of context, and the author attempts to map the conceptual space of context in information behavior. The book proposes theoretical frameworks for mapping the boundaries, elements and variables of context. It further discusses how to incorporate these frameworks and variables in the design of research studies on context. The author then arrives at a unified definition of context. This book should provide a better understanding of context to designers of search systems as they seek to meet the needs and demands of information seekers. It will be an important resource for researchers in Library and Information Science, especially doctoral students looking for one resource that covers an exhaustive range of the most current literature related to context, the best selection of classics, and a synthesis of these into theoretical frameworks and a unified definition. The book should help to move forward research in the field by clarifying pertinent elements, variables, and views. In particular, the list of elements to be considered, and the variables associated with each element, will be extremely useful to researchers wanting to include the influences of context in their studies.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Copyright; Table of Contents; Preface; Audience; Organization of This Book; Conventions Used in This Book; Using Code Examples; We'd Like to Hear from You; Safari® Books Online; Acknowledgments;
• Chapter 1. The World of Text Search; Terms and Concepts in Search; Thinking in Documents Versus Databases; Why Do We Need Full-Text Indexes?; Query Languages; Logical Versus Full-Text Conditions; Logical conditions; Full-text queries; Differences between logical and full-text searches; Natural Language Processing; From Text to Words; Linguistics Crash Course; Relevance, As Seen from Outer Space

• Result Set PostprocessingFull-Text Indexes; Search Workflows; Kinds of Data; Indexing Approaches; Full-Text Indexes and Attributes; Approaches to Searching; Kinds of Results;
• Chapter 2. Getting Started with Sphinx; Workflow Overview; Getting Started ... in a Minute; Basic Configuration; Defining Data Sources; Disk-based indexes; RT indexes; Distributed indexes; Declaring Fields and Attributes in SQL Data; Sphinx-Wide Settings; Managing Configurations with Inheritance and Scripting; Accessing searchd; Configuring Interfaces; Using SphinxAPI; Using SphinxQL; Building Sphinx from Source

• Quick BuildSource Build Requirements; Configuring Sources and Building Binaries;
• Chapter 3. Basic Indexing; Indexing SQL Data; Main Fetch Query; Pre-Queries, Post-Queries, and Post-Index Queries; How the Various SQL Queries Work Together; Ranged Queries for Larger Data Sets; Indexing XML Data; Index Schemas for XML Data; XML Encodings; xmlpipe2 Elements Reference; Working with Character Sets; Handling Stop Words and Short Words;
• Chapter 4. Basic Searching; Matching Modes; Full-Text Query Syntax; Known Operators; Escaping Special Characters; AND and OR Operators and a Notorious Precedence Trap

• NOT OperatorField Limit Operator; Phrase Operator; Keyword Proximity Operator; Quorum Operator; Strict Order (BEFORE) Operator; NEAR Operator; SENTENCE and PARAGRAPH Operators; ZONE Limit Operator; Keyword Modifiers; Result Set Contents and Limits; Searching Multiple Indexes; Result Set Processing; Expressions; Filtering; Sorting; Grouping;
• Chapter 5. Managing Indexes; The "Divide and Conquer" Concept; Index Rotation; Picking Documents; Handling Updates and Deletions with K-Lists; Scheduling Rebuilds, and Using Multiple Deltas; Merge Versus Rebuild Versus Deltas

• Scripting and Reloading Configurations
• Chapter 6. Relevance and Ranking; Relevance Assessment: A Black Art; Relevance Ranking Functions; Sphinx Rankers Explained; BM25 Factor; Phrase Proximity Factor; Overview of the Available Rankers; Nitty-gritty Ranker Details; How Do I Draw Those Stars?; How Do I Rank Exact Field Matches Higher?; How Do I Force Document D to Rank First?; How Does Sphinx Ranking Compare to System XYZ?; Where to Go from Here

This concise introduction to Sphinx shows you how to use this free software to index an enormous number of documents and provide fast results to both simple and complex searches. Written by the creator of Sphinx, this authoritative book is short and to the point. * Understand the particular way Sphinx conducts searches * Install and configure Sphinx, and run a few basic tests * Issue basic queries to Sphinx at the application level * Learn the syntax of search text and the effects of various search options * Get strategies for dealing with large data sets, such as multi-index searching * Apply relevance and ranking guidelines for presenting best results to the user.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Cover; Copyright; Credits; About the Author; About the Reviewers; www.PacktPub.com; Table of Contents; Preface; Chapter 1: Setting Up Sphinx; What you need to know; Different ways of performing a search; Searching on a live database; Searching an index; Sphinx-a full-text search engine; Features; A brief history; License; Installation; System requirements; Sphinx on a Unix-based system; Time for action
• installation on Linux; Options to the configure command; Known issues during installation; Sphinx on Windows; Time for action
• installation on Windows; Sphinx on Mac OS X

• Time for action
• installation on a MacOther supported systems; Summary; Chapter 2: Getting Started; Checking the installation; Full-text search; What is full-text search?; Traditional search; Time for action
• normal search in MySQL; MySQL full-text search; Advantages of full-text search; When to use a full-text search?; Overview of Sphinx; Primary programs; Time for action
• Sphinx in action; Data to be indexed; Creating the Sphinx configuration file; Searching the index; Why use Sphinx for full-text searching?; Summary; Chapter 3: Indexing; What are indexes?; Indexes in Sphinx

• Index attributesTypes of attributes; Multi-value attributes (MVA); Data sources; How to define the data source?; SQL data sources; Creating Index using SQL data source (Blog); Time for action
• creating database tables for a blog; Time for action
• populate the database tables; Time for action
• creating the Sphinx configuration file; Time for action
• adding attributes to the index; Time for action
• Adding an MVA to the index; xmlpipe data source; xmlpipe2 data source; Indexing with schema defined in XML stream; Time for action
• creating index (without attributes)

• Time for action
• add attributes to schemaIndexing with schema defined in configuration file; Time for action
• create index with schema defined; in configuration file; Summary; Chapter 4: Searching; Client API implementations for Sphinx; Search using client API; Time for action
• creating a basic search script; Matching modes; Time for action
• searching with different matching modes; Boolean query syntax; Time for action
• searching using Boolean query syntax; Extended query syntax; Time for action
• searching with extended query syntax; Filtering full-text search results

• Time for action
• filtering the result setWeighting search results; Time for action
• weighting search results; Sorting modes; Grouping search results; Summary; Chapter 5: Feed Search; The application; Tools and software used while creating this application; Database structure; Time for action
• creating the MySQL database and tables; Basic setup; Time for action
• setting up the feeds application; Add feed; Time for action
• creating a form to add feeds; Saving the feed data; Time for action
• adding code to save feed; Indexing the feeds; Time for action
• create the index

This book is a step-by-step guide for an absolute beginner. It covers everything, from installing to configuring, to get you started quickly. It has numerous code examples that the reader can try on their own and learn while doing so. It has two full-fledged applications as examples that readers can follow. This book is specifically focused on the Search feature of web applications. This book is for developers who are new to Sphinx Search. All code examples use PHP but the logic is same for any other web scripting languages as well.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Working with diversity
• 3. Digital literacies
• 4. Employability
• 5. Approaches to learning and teaching
• 6. Learning and teaching activities
• 7. Making it happen
• 8. Designing face-to-face, blended and online courses
• 9. Delivering learning experiences
• 10. Evaluation of learning and teaching activities, and courses
• 11. Lifelong professional development.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Emerging Strategies for Supporting Student Learning provides a straightforward and accessible guide to the latest learning and teaching practices appropriate for use with higher education students. It is both an exciting and challenging time to be working in higher education as the sector experiences rapid changes including: an increasingly diverse student population with changing expectations; changes in technology including the rise in the use of social media; increased emphasis on employability and internationalisation; development of new social learning spaces; as well as an ever-decreasing resource base. As a result of these changes, new approaches to supporting student learning are developing rapidly. In the past five years, developments in both the theory and practice of learning and teaching have created a complex landscape which it is sometimes difficult to navigate. Emerging Strategies for Supporting Student Learning provides practical guidance and brings together theory and practice in an accessible style. The book covers a wide range of tools and techniques (relevant to face-to-face, blended learning and online practices) which will suit students in different contexts from large groups of 500+ to very small classes of research students. This practical book makes extensive use of case studies, examples, checklists and tables and contains; an analysis of the current higher education landscape, the changes that are occurring and the diverse nature of students populations; an exploration of new theories of digital literacy including case studies demonstrating how library and information workers have applied these models in practice; a demonstration of the many different ways in which academic library and information services are working in support of student employability; a theoretical overview of different approaches to teaching and learning including Kolb's learning cycle, Laurillard's conversational framework for university teaching, Entwistle's teaching for understanding at university, Land and Meyer's threshold concepts, and the Higher Education Academy's work on flexible pedagogies; practical guidance on designing, developing and evaluating courses and other learning and teaching events in different situations in including face-to-face, flipped classroom, blended learning, and online learning; an exploration of approaches to personal and professionals development including 90+ approaches to workplace learning, accredited courses, short courses, conferences and workshops, networking through professional organisations, and developing online networks. Emerging Strategies for Supporting Student Learning will be essential reading for different groups working in colleges and universities including library and information workers, staff developers, educational technologists, educational development project workers, educational change agents and students of library and information science who are planning their careers in higher education institutions.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Section A: Introduction and background
• Chapter 1. Introduction to the book as whole: a) a critical overview of issues and constructs, particularly the digital age, and digital participation; b) the notion of information literacy and the UNESCO human rights model; c) brief overview of epistemological development, critical thinking and metacognition and how these relate to IL and digital participation; d) summary of the structure of the book to follow.
• Chapter 2 Information literacy in adult returnee students Section B: Psychological and educational constructs related to information literacy
• Chapter 3 Epistemological development and information literacy
• Chapter 4 Metacognition, critical thinking and information literacy: here we consider psychological research on metacognition and critical thinking, summarise it and consider its implications for the processes involved in IL
• Chapter 5 Study skills, pedagogy, constructivism, transformational learning, and information literacy Section C: The contributions from librarians and library organizations; definitions, models and standards for information literacy; current developments in IL; critique and suggestions from psychology and pedagogy e.g. social constructivism as the theoretical basis for particular teaching practices, approaches; IL and lifelong learning
• Chapter 6 The ACRL revised standards for IL in higher education
• Chapter 7 Curriculum for IL.
• Chapter 8 UNESCO formulation of IL and the move to a Media and Information Literacy formulation; Section D From Information literacy to social epistemology
• Chapter 9 Synthesis and conclusions.

"From Information Literacy to Social Epistemology: Insights from Psychology focuses on information and the ways in which information literacy relates to critical thinking in education, the workplace, and in our social life. The broad context for our interest is the development in internet technologies often characterised by terms like the 'digital age', leading to questions of digital participation, digital divides, and the role of thinking in the information society. In short, to what extent is the 'digital age' engendering changes in learning directed towards the better use of information, and in addition, encouraging or even requiring improvements in critical thinking? Provides a new and relevant contribution based on the authors' synthesis of a number of psychological constructs aligned to information literacy Addresses the issue of information literacy in the wider population by researching adult returnees to higher education and investigating their experiences in relation to prior experience Applies insights to recent developments on the topic, i.e. the Secker and Coonan IL curriculum, alowing an alternative disciplinary perspective and a new, research-based platform Develops a model based on the literature reviewed and discusses the relation of the model to the broader concept of social epistemology"--Provided by publisher

do for you, and then get to work with the most important features and tasks. This book is a hands-on Starter guide that takes the reader from initialization to the coding and implementation of bot apps.Instant Simple Botting with PHP targets programmers of all levels who are familiar with common PHP functions and syntax, and who want to learn about bots and how to design and develop bots using objects.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• List of figures and tables List of abbreviations Acknowledgements Foreword About the author
• Chapter 1: Introduction: who this book is for how to use it Abstract: Background and overall aim of the research Outline of the book
• Chapter 2: The relational approach explained Abstract: The deep and surface approach to learning The structure of awareness: internal and external horizons The outcome space of learning Experiential variation: fostering deep and transferable learning The relational studies Conclusion
• Chapter 3: How the relational approach was employed in this research Abstract: The stages of the empirical research Further description of specific aspects of the methodology and research methods Conclusion
• Chapter 4: The multiple-context relational approach generated by the empirical research Abstract: Comparing the students' conceptualisations of academic research and information literacy The coding framework for the final analysis The four categories of information literacy Transformation and transfer Reflections on the frequency distribution of the codes The multiple-context outcome space of information literacy Conclusion Individual stories Abstract: Student 4 Student 10 Student 16 Student 19 Conclusion Conclusion Abstract: Contribution to the relational body of research Contribution to practice Limitations of this study Areas for future research Conclusion Appendices Appendix A: Consent form for the Head of Department, London Metropolitan University Appendix B: Consent form for students Appendix C: Practical procedures of the empirical research Appendix D: Abstract of the thesis References Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book has two aims: firstly to present an investigation into information literacy by looking at how people engage with information to accomplish tasks or solve problems in personal, academic and professional contexts (also known as the relational approach). This view of information literacy illustrates a learner-centred perspective that will be of interest to educators who wish to go beyond the teaching of information skills. The second aim of this book is to illustrate how the relational approach can be used as an investigative framework. As a detailed account of a relational study, this book will appeal to researchers interested in using the relational framework to examine pedagogical experiences from the learner's perspective.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Dedication Figures Preface Acknowledgments Abbreviations Introduction The Digital Aura in Europe Digitization and Coordination of Digitization in the European Cultural Heritage Sector Research into the Digital Library: Problems Researched, Outcomes of Research Projects, and New Challenges Education for Digital Libraries Conclusions and Predictable Future Trends Appendix: List of Projects Mentioned in the Book (with Useful Links) Bibliography Author Biography.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

European digital libraries have existed in diverse forms and with quite different functions, priorities, and aims. However, there are some common features of European-based initiatives that are relevant to non-European communities. There are now many more challenges and changes than ever before, and the development rate of new digital libraries is ever accelerating. Delivering educational, cultural, and research resources-especially from major scientific and cultural organizations-has become a core mission of these organizations. Using these resources they will be able to investigate, educate, and elucidate, in order to promote and disseminate and to preserve civilization. Extremely important in conceptualizing the digital environment priorities in Europe was its cultural heritage and the feeling that these rich resources should be open to Europe and the global community. In this book we focus on European digitized heritage and digital culture, and its potential in the digital age. We specifically look at the EU and its approaches to digitization and digital culture, problems detected, and achievements reached, all with an emphasis on digital cultural heritage. We seek to report on important documents that were prepared on digitization; copyright and related documents; research and education in the digital libraries field under the auspices of the EU; some other European and national initiatives; and funded projects. The aim of this book is to discuss the development of digital libraries in the European context by presenting, primarily to non-European communities interested in digital libraries, the phenomena, initiatives, and developments that dominated in Europe. We describe the main projects and their outcomes, and shine a light on the number of challenges that have been inspiring new approaches, cooperative efforts, and the use of research methodology at different stages of the digital libraries development. The specific goals are reflected in the structure of the book, which can be conceived as a guide to several main topics and sub-topics. However, the author's scope is far from being comprehensive, since the field of digital libraries is very complex and digital libraries for cultural heritage is even moreso.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)