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Polyimides are very durable, easy to machine and have exceptional heat and chemical resistance. They are also highly insulative and do not contaminate their surroundings. Their strength and heat and chemical resistance are so great that they are often used to replace glass and metals, such as steel, in many demanding industrial applications. Polyimides are even used in many everyday applications. They are used in cars both externally and internally because they can withstand the intense heat and the corrosive lubricants, fuels, and coolants found in cars. They are also used in the construction of many appliances as well as microwave cookware and food packaging because of their thermal stability, resistance to oils, greases, and fats and their transparency to microwave radiation. They can also be used in circuit boards, insulation, fibres for protective clothing, composites, and adhesives. This report covers the synthesis of polyimides from chloral and trinitrotoluene and reviews the production of new types of polyimides combining good thermal, mechanical and electrical properties with improved processability. It is ideal for those who work with polyimides, either producing them or those using them to manufacture other goods. It will be of interest to those in both academia and industry.

• Preface; Introduction; Chloral-Derived Monomers; Polyimides Based on Chloral Derivatives; TNT-Based Aromatic Diamines; Polyimides Based on TNT-Derived Diamines; Conclusion; Abbreviations; Subject Index

Polyimides are very durable, easy to machine and have exceptional heat and chemical resistance. They are also highly insulative and do not contaminate their surroundings. Their strength and heat and chemical resistance are so great that they are often used to replace glass and metals, such as steel, in many demanding industrial applications. Polyimides are even used in many everyday applications. They are used in cars both externally and internally because they can withstand the intense heat and the corrosive lubricants, fuels, and coolants found in cars. They are also used in the construction of many appliances as well as microwave cookware and food packaging because of their thermal stability, resistance to oils, greases, and fats and their transparency to microwave radiation. They can also be used in circuit boards, insulation, fibres for protective clothing, composites, and adhesives. This report covers the synthesis of polyimides from chloral and trinitrotoluene and reviews the production of new types of polyimides combining good thermal, mechanical and electrical properties with improved processability. It is ideal for those who work with polyimides, either producing them or those using them to manufacture other goods. It will be of interest to those in both academia and industry.

• Foreword
• Preface
• Biogas and biogas energy: An introduction
• A brief history of anaerobic Digestion and 'Biogas'
• Biogas and global warming
• Low-rate and high-rate anaerobic reactors/digesters/fermenters
• Biogas capture from animal manure
• Biogas capture from wastewaters: The high-rate anaerobic digesters
• Biogas capture from solid waste
• Capture of biogas from landfills.

• Introduction
• Background Ideas
• Sticking like a Gecko
• How Stuck is Stuck?
• Strong Adhesion
• Strong Adhesion with Weak Polymers
• Sticking Other Things Together
• Watching Paint Dry
• Sticking in 3D
• Not Sticking
• How Nature Sticks Things.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This popular science title covers adhesion science in an easily accessible entertaining manner. As well as outlining types of adhesion and their importance in everyday life, the book covers interesting future applications of adhesion and inspiration taken from nature. Ideal for students and the scientifically minded reader this book provides a fascinating introduction to the science of what makes things stick.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• HLD-Towards Rational Emulsions
• NAC-Net Average Curvature
• Emulsions
• Foams
• Phase Diagrams
• Putting The Principles Into Practice.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book is a presentation and extension of surfactant science and also a technical resource for characterizing and formulating surfactants. It goes beyond the standard guidelines of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB), critical micelle concentration (CMC), Bancroft's rule, Griffin numbers etc. to focus on surfactant phenomena as a dynamic system. It stresses parameters such as hydrophilic-lipophilic difference (HLD, an extension of Sallager's SAD), curves of surface tension related to concentration, surface excess, partition coefficients, and area per surfactant molecule and shows how these can be used not only to quantify but also to create effective surfactant formulations. In explaining how property variables affect formulation results, the book offers numerous original phase diagrams and equations. A valuable feature of the text is that dozens of traditional and original equations are accessible as computer apps, thus helping readers reinforce their understanding and test their own data. Practical details are presented about concrete products, showing what works and does not. The technology in this text pertains to a range of industrial and specialized surfactants, with explicit attention given to cosmetics, cleaning agents, remediation of oil-contamination, paints, coatings, and biosurfactants.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Section I. An insight into chemical engineering
• Section II. Fundamentals and problem-solving profile
• Section III. Backbone materials

• arotid Body'.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The immediate product extracted from oil and gas wells consists of mixtures of oil, gas, and water that is difficult to transport, requiring a certain amount of field processing. This reference analyses principles and procedures related to the processing of reservoir fluids for the separation, handling, treatment, and production of quality petroleum oil and gas products. It details strategies in equipment selection and system design, field development and operation, and process simulation and control to increase plant productivity and safety and avoid losses during purification, treatment, storage, and export. Providing guidelines for developing efficient and economical treatment systems, "Petroleum and Gas Field Processing" features solved design examples that demonstrate the application of developed design equations, as well as review problems and exercises for key engineering concepts in petroleum field development and operation.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Agradecimentos
• Apresentação / José de Freitas Mascarenhas
• Introdução, Miguel Calmon du Pin e Almeida e o Ensaio sobre o fabrico do açucar / Waldir Freitas Oliveira
• Notas à literatura brasileira sobre o açúcar no século XIX / José Honório Rodrigues --Ensaio sobre o fabrico do açúcar.

• Preface. Introduction. I. Introduction to Fluid Flow.
• 1. History of Chemical Engineering-Fluid Flow. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Fluid Flow. 1.3 Chemical Engineering. References.
• 2. Units and Dimensional Analysis. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Dimensional Analysis. 2.3 Buckingham Pi (PI) Theorem. 2.4 Scale-Up and Similarity. References.
• 3. Key Terms and Definitions. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Definitions. References.
• 4. Transport Phenomena Versus Unit Operations. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 The Differences. 4.3 What is Engineering? References.
• 5. Newtonian Fluids. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Newton's Law of Viscosity. 5.3 Viscosity Measurements. 5.4 Microscopic Approach. References.
• 6. Non-Newtonian Flow. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Classification of Non-Newtonian Fluids. 6.3 Microscopic Approach. References. II. Basic Laws.
• 7. Conservation Law for Mass. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Conversation of Mass. 7.3 Microscopic Approach. References.
• 8. Conservation Law for Energy. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Conservation of Energy. 8.3 Total Energy Balance Equation. References.
• 9. Conservation Law for Momentum. 9.1 Momentum Balances. 9.2 Microscopic Approach: Equation of Momentum Transfer. References.
• 10. Law of Hydrostatics. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Pressure Principles. 10.3 Manometry Principles. Reference.
• 11. Ideal Gas Law. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Boyle's and Charles' Laws. 11.3 The Ideal Gas Law. 11.4 Non-Ideal Gas Behavior. References. III. Fluid Flow Classification.
• 12. Flow Mechanisms.
• 12. 1 Introduction. 12.2 The Reynolds Number. 12.3 Strain Rate, Shear Rare, and Velocity Profile. 12.4 Velocity Profile and Average Velocity. Reference.
• 13. Laminar Flow in Pipes. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Friction Losses. 13.3 Tube Size. 13.4 Other Considerations. 13.5 Microscopic Approach. References.
• 14. Turbulent Flow in Pipes. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Describing Equations. 14.3 Relative Roughness in Pipes. 14.4 Friction Factor Equations. 14.5 Other Cosiderations. 14.6 Flow Through Several Pipes. 14.7 General Predictive and Design Approaches. 14.8 Microscopic Approach. References.
• 15. Compressible and Sonic Flow. 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Compressible Flow. 15.3 Sonic Flow. 15.4 Pressure Drop Equations. References.
• 16. Two-Phase Flow. 16.1 Introduction. 16
• .2. Gas (G)-Liquid (L) Flow Principles: Generalized Approach. 16.3 Gas (Turbulent) Flow-Liquid (Turbulent) Flow. 16.4 Gas (Turbulent) Flow-Liquid (Viscous) Flow. 16.5 Gas (Viscous) Flow-Liquid (Viscous) Flow. 16.6 Gas - Solid Flow. References. IV. Fluid Flow Transport and Applications.
• 17. Prime Movers. 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Fans. 17.3 Pumps. 17.4 Compressors. References.
• 18. Valves and Fittings. 18.1 Valves. 18.2 Fittings. 18.3 Expansion and Contraction Effects. 18.4 Calculating Losses of Valves and Fittings. 18.5 Fluid Flow Experiment: Data and Calculations. References.
• 19. Flow Measurement. 19.1 Introduction. 19.2 Manometry and Pressure Measurements. 19.3 Pitot Tube. 19.4 Venturi Meter. 19.5 Orifice Meter. 19.6 Selection Process. Reference.
• 20. Ventilation. 20.1 Introduction. 20.2 Indoor Air Quality. 20.3 Indoor Air/Ambient Air Comparison. 20.4 Industrial Ventilation Systems. References.
• 21. Academic Applications. References.
• 22. Industrial Applications. References. V. Fluid-Particle Applications.
• 23. Particle Dynamics. 23.1 Introduction. 23.2 Particle Classification and Measurement. 23.3 Drag Force. 23.4 Particle Force Balance. 23.5 Cunningham Correction. 23.6 Liquid-Particle Systems. 23.7 Drag on a Flat Plate. References.
• 24. Sedimentation, Centrifugation, Flotation. 24.1 Sedimentation. 24.2 Centrifugation. 24.3 Hydrostatic Equilibrium in Centrifugation. 24.4 Flotation. References.
• 25. Porous Media and Packed Beds. 25.1 Introduction. 25.2 Definitions. 25.3 Flow Regimes. References.
• 26. Fluidization. 26.1 Introduction. 26.2 Fixed Beds. 26.3 Permeability. 26.4 Minimum Fluidization Velocity. 26.5 Bed Height, Pressure Drop and Porosity. 26.6 Fluidization Modes. 26.7 Fluidization Experiment Data and Calculations. References.
• 27. Filtration. 27.1 Introduction. 27.2 Filtration Equipment. 27.3 Describing Equations. 27.4 Filtration Experimental Data and Calculations. References. VI. Special Topics.
• 28. Environmental Management. 28.1 Introduction. 28.2 Environmental Management History. 28.3 Environmental Management Topics. 28.4 Applications. References.
• 29. Accident and Emergency Management. 29.1 Introduction. 29.2 Legislation. 29.3 Health Risk Assessment. 29.4 Hazard Risk Assessment. 29.5 Illustrative Examples. References.
• 30. Ethics. 30.1 Introduction. 30.2 Teaching Ethics. 30.3 Case Study Approach. 30.4 Integrity. 30.5 Moral Issues. 30.6 Guardianship. 30.7 Engineering and Environmental Ethics. 30.8 Applications. References.
• 31. Numerical Methods. 31.1 Introduction. 31.2 Early History. 31.3 Simultaneous Linear Algebraic Equations. 31.4 Nonlinear Algebraic Equations. 31.5 Numerical Integration. References.
• 32. Economics and Finance. 32.1 Introduction. 32.2 The Need for Economic Analyses. 32.3 Definitions. 32.4 Principles of Accounting. 32.5 Applications. References.
• 33. Biomedical Engineering. 33.1 Introduction. 33.2 Definitions. 33.3 Blood. 33.4 Blood Vessels. 33.5 Heart. 34.6 Plasma/Cell Flow. 34.7 Biomedical Engineering Opportunities. References.
• 34. Open-Ended Problems. 34.1 Introduction. 34.2 Developing Students' Power of Critical Thinking. 34.3 Creativity. 34.4 Brainstorming. 34.5 Inquiring Minds. 34.6 Angels on a Pin. 34.7 Applications. References. Appendix. Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book teaches the fundamentals of fluid flow by including both theory and the applications of fluid flow in chemical engineering. It puts fluid flow in the context of other transport phenomena such as mass transfer and heat transfer, while covering the basics, from elementary flow mechanics to the law of conservation. The book then examines the applications of fluid flow, from laminar flow to filtration and ventilization. It closes with a discussion of special topics related to fluid flow, including environmental concerns and the economic reality of fluid flow applications.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

This is a unique book with nearly 1000 problems and 50 case studies on open-ended problems in every key topic in chemical engineering that helps to better prepare chemical engineers for the future. The term "open-ended problem" basically describes an approach to the solution of a problem and/or situation for which there is "not" a unique solution. The Introduction to the general subject of open-ended problems is followed by 22 chapters, each of which addresses a traditional chemical engineering or chemical engineering-related topic. Each of these chapters contain a brief overview of the subject matter of concern, e.g., thermodynamics, which is followed by sample open-ended problems that have been solved (by the authors) employing one of the many possible approaches to the solutions. This is then followed by approximately 40-45 open-ended problems with "no" solutions (although many of the authors' solutions are available for those who adopt the book for classroom or training purposes). A reference section is included with the chapter's contents. Term projects, comprised of 12 additional chapter topics, complement the presentation. This book provides academic, industrial, and research personnel with the material that covers the principles and applications of open-ended chemical engineering problems in a thorough and clear manner. Upon completion of the text, the reader should have acquired not only a working knowledge of the principles of chemical engineering, but also (and more importantly) experience in solving open-ended problems. What many educators have learned is that the applications and implications of open-ended problems are not only changing professions, but also are moving so fast that many have not yet grasped their tremendous impact. The book drives home that the open-ended approach will revolutionize the way chemical engineers will need to operate in the future.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Soaps and Detergents
• The Extractive Metallurgy Industry
• Textile and Fabric Manufacture
• Fertilizer Technology
• Cement and Clay Products Technology
• Pulp and Paper Technology
• Manufacture of Crude Palm Oil and Refined Palm Oil
• Industrial gases
• Crude Oil Refinery and Refinery Products
• Cocoa Processing and Chocolate Manufacture
• Milk and Dairy Products Manufacture.

This textbook presents a thorough overview of chemical and process industries. It describes the standard technologies and the state of the industries and the manufacturing processes of specific chemical and allied products. It includes examples of industries in Ghana, highlighting the real-world applications of these technologies. The book introduces new developments in the processes in chemical industry, focuses on the technology and methodology of the processes and the chemistry underlying them. It offers guidance on operating of processing units. Furthermore, it includes sections on safety and environmental pollution control in industry. With a pedagogical and comprehensive approach, utilizing illustrations and tables, this book provides students in chemical engineering and industrial chemistry with a concise and up-to-date overview of this diverse subject. .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. What Is Biotechnology? I. BRIEF REVIEW OF THE UNDERLYING SCIENCE.
• 2. The Nature of Living Things: How They Are Organized.
• 3. The Nature of Living Things: How They Function.
• 4. The Nature of Living Things: Genetic Behavior.
• 5. Principles of Genetic Manipulation of Organisms: Conventional Approach.
• 6. Principles of Genetic Manipulation of Organisms: Recombinant DNA (rDNA) Technology. II. ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY.
• 7. Cell and Tissue Culture.
• 8. Electrophoresis and Blotting.
• 9. Molecular Markers.
• 10. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and DNA Synthesis.
• 11. Genome Mapping and DNA Sequencing.
• 12. Storage and Retrieval of Genetic Information. III. APPROACHES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY.
• 13. Structural Genomics. Genome Sequencing. Protein Structure Determination.
• 14. Functional Genomics. Bioinformatics. DNA Microarrays. Proteomics.
• 15. Modifying Protein Production and Function. Protein Engineering. Antisense Technology. IV. SPECIFIC APPLICATION.
• 16. Food Biotechnology. Plants. Animals and Microbes.
• 17. Human Health and Diagnostics. Applications in Medicine. Forensic Applications.
• 18. Industrial Applications. Bioprocessing. Microbial-Based Pharming. Biosensors. Recovering Metals.
• 19. Environmental Applications. V. SOCIAL ISSUES.
• 20. Rights and Privileges. Intellectual Property. Ethical Implications.
• 21. Risks and Regulations.
• 22. Biotechnology as a Business. The Concept of a Biotechnology Company. The Role of Management. Recent Business Dynamics. Jobs in Biotechnology.
• 23. Biotechnology and Developing Economies.
• 24. Perceptions and Fears About Biotechnology. Contrasting Public and Scientific Perceptions. Bioterrorism.
• 25. Biotechnology: The Future. VI. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES. Selected Biotechnology Websites. Glossary. Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

For introductory courses in Biotechnology; can also be used as a supplementary text for any Biotechnology course. The only text on the market with comprehensive coverage of biotechnology at an introductory level, this timely book has an easy-to-read style that makes it suitable for those students with or without a background in biology. While emphasizing biotechnology's core principles and practices, its cyber-based approach allows a built-in mechanism for updating information in the rapidly evolving biotech field.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)