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• History
• Anterior Eye
• Visual Optics
• Soft Lens Materials
• Soft Lens Manufacture
• Soft Lens Optics
• Soft Lens Measurement
• Soft Lens Design and Fitting
• Soft Toric Lens Design and Fitting
• Soft Lens Care Systems
• Rigid Lens Materials
• Rigid Lens Manufacture
• Rigid Lens Optics
• Rigid Lens Measurement
• Rigid Corneal Lens Design and Fitting
• Rigid Toric Corneal Lens Design and Fitting
• Rigid Scleral and Corneoscleral Lens Design and Fitting
• Rigid Lens Care Systems
• Daily Disposable Lenses
• Reusable Lenses
• Tinted Lenses
• Presbyopia
• Extended Wear
• Sport
• Keratoconus
• High Ametropia
• Babies and Children
• Therapeutic Applications
• Post-surgery
• Orthokeratology
• Myopia Control
• Diabetes
• History Taking
• Diagnostic Instruments
• Preliminary Examination
• Patient Education
• Aftercare
• Complications
• Compliance
• Practice Management.

The field of contact lenses continues to evolve at a rapid pace, with new optical designs and vision correction options continually being developed. Additionally, the rapid expansion of clinical instrumentation offers eye care practitioners a wide choice of investigative techniques for assessing in-eye contact lens performance and diagnosing adverse reactions. Now in its fourth edition, Contact Lens Practice has been thoroughly updated and revised to capture these developments and more, and translate them into an organised and easily digestible resource. Written and edited by award-winning author, researcher, and lecturer, Professor Nathan Efron, this title provides a comprehensive, evidence-based overview of the scientific foundations and clinical applications of contact lens fitting. The text has been refreshed by the inclusion of five new authors - a mixture of scientists and clinicians, all of whom are at the cutting edge of their specialty. Serves as an essential companion and guide to current thinking and practice in the content lens field, ideal for use by optometrists, ophthalmologists, orthoptists, opticians, students, and contact lens industry professionals. Presents subject matter in a clear and logical format to allow the reader to quickly identify and comprehend key information. Features highly illustrated chapters in full colour, helping the reader to visualize core concepts. Includes completely rewritten chapters, by new authors, on scleral and corneo-scleral contact lenses, high ametropia, therapeutic applications, post-surgical lens fitting, and practice management. A new chapter on Post-Surgery Management consolidates core information on post-operative management involving contact lenses. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

• History
• Anterior Eye
• Visual Optics
• Soft Lens Materials
• Soft Lens Manufacture
• Soft Lens Optics
• Soft Lens Measurement
• Soft Lens Design and Fitting
• Soft Toric Lens Design and Fitting
• Soft Lens Care Systems
• Rigid Lens Materials
• Rigid Lens Manufacture
• Rigid Lens Optics
• Rigid Lens Measurement
• Rigid Corneal Lens Design and Fitting
• Rigid Toric Corneal Lens Design and Fitting
• Rigid Scleral and Corneoscleral Lens Design and Fitting
• Rigid Lens Care Systems
• Daily Disposable Lenses
• Reusable Lenses
• Tinted Lenses
• Presbyopia
• Extended Wear
• Sport
• Keratoconus
• High Ametropia
• Babies and Children
• Therapeutic Applications
• Post-surgery
• Orthokeratology
• Myopia Control
• Diabetes
• History Taking
• Diagnostic Instruments
• Preliminary Examination
• Patient Education
• Aftercare
• Complications
• Compliance
• Practice Management.

The field of contact lenses continues to evolve at a rapid pace, with new optical designs and vision correction options continually being developed. Additionally, the rapid expansion of clinical instrumentation offers eye care practitioners a wide choice of investigative techniques for assessing in-eye contact lens performance and diagnosing adverse reactions. Now in its fourth edition, Contact Lens Practice has been thoroughly updated and revised to capture these developments and more, and translate them into an organised and easily digestible resource. Written and edited by award-winning author, researcher, and lecturer, Professor Nathan Efron, this title provides a comprehensive, evidence-based overview of the scientific foundations and clinical applications of contact lens fitting. The text has been refreshed by the inclusion of five new authors - a mixture of scientists and clinicians, all of whom are at the cutting edge of their specialty. Serves as an essential companion and guide to current thinking and practice in the content lens field, ideal for use by optometrists, ophthalmologists, orthoptists, opticians, students, and contact lens industry professionals. Presents subject matter in a clear and logical format to allow the reader to quickly identify and comprehend key information. Features highly illustrated chapters in full colour, helping the reader to visualize core concepts. Includes completely rewritten chapters, by new authors, on scleral and corneo-scleral contact lenses, high ametropia, therapeutic applications, post-surgical lens fitting, and practice management. A new chapter on Post-Surgery Management consolidates core information on post-operative management involving contact lenses. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

• Introduction to Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography
• SS-OCT Image acquisition and analysis
• SS-OCT presentation of normal eye
• Vitreous related disease
• Myopia
• Age-related macular degeneration
• Central Serous chorioretinopathy
• Diabetic retinopathy
• Retinal venous occlusions
• Coats Disease & Macular Telangiectasia type 2
• Inflammation
• Hereditary chorioretinal dystrophies
• Oncology
• Miscellaneous.

The aim of this book is to explain this new technology and its advantages over previous imaging devices and to illustrate how it may be used in to define eye diseases, and in their treatment and facilitate treatment options. This atlas introduces the technical principles of SS-OCT imaging, OCTA stratification algorithm, and blood flow quantization. Through a collection of images and annotation of the microstructures of both the normal fundus and diseased eyes (for example, vitreous related disease, retinal diseased and choroidal disease) captured on SS-OCT to deepen the understanding of this new technology, as well as the interpretation of images. This atlas serves as a practical guide and is written for retinal specialist and clinicians with an interest in retinal diseases.

• Introduction.-
• Chapter 1 - Background of diabetic retinopathy.-
• Chapter 2 - Classification of diabetic retinopathy.-
• Chapter 3 - Deep convolutional neural network architecture.-
• Chapter 4 - Deep convolutional neural network applications and visualization tools.-
• Chapter 5 - Multi-platform deployment for prognosis system.-
• Chapter 6 - Case Studies for diabetic retinopathy with a deep learning system.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book discusses a detailed overview of diabetic retinopathy, symptoms, causes, and screening methodologies. Using a deep convolution neural network and visualizations techniques, this work develops a prognosis system used to automatically detect the diabetic retinopathy disease from captured retina images and help improve the prediction rate of diagnosis. This book gives the readers an understanding of the diabetic retinopathy disease and recognition process that helps to improve the clinical analysis efficiency. It caters to general ophthalmologists and optometrists, diabetologists, and internists who encounter diabetic patients and most prevalent retinal diseases daily.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Induction of Type 2 Diabetes in Mice to Understand Vascular Changes that Drive Diabetic Retinopathy
• Akimba Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Model: Understanding Molecular Mechanism and Drug Screening for the Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy
• Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy in the Rat: An Animal Model to Study the Proliferative Retinal Vascular Pathology
• Retinal Assessment Using In Vivo Electroretinography and Optical Coherence Tomography in Rodent Models of Diabetes
• A Guide to Genome Wide Association Study Design for Diabetic Retinopathy
• Single Cell RNA Sequencing (scRNA-Seq) Data Analysis of Retinal Homeostasis and Degeneration of Microglia
• Bioinformatics Tools for Bulk Gene Expression Deconvolution in Diabetic Retinopathy
• MicroRNA Profiling from Tears as a Potential Non-Invasive Method for Early Detection of Diabetes Retinopathy
• Proximity Extension Assay (PEA) Platform to Detect Vitreous Biomarkers of Diabetic Retinopathy
• Methods for Analyzing the Gut Microbiota in Diabetic Retinopathy
• Mass Spectrometry-Based Vitreous Proteomics: Validated Methods and Analysis Pipeline
• Methods for Ex Vivo AAV Transduction in Rodent and Human Retinal Explants
• Methods for RPE Sheet Construction Using iPS-CM in Conjunction with Natural Scaffold of Corneal Lenticule Derived from SMILE
• Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay in Mouse Retinal Tissue
• Frozen Block Tissue Staining for Eye Structure of Zebrafish Embryo
• Investigating the Function of MicroRNAs in Human Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells of Diabetic Retinopathy
• Genome Editing Inhibits Retinal Angiogenesis in a Mouse Model of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy

This detailed volume provides various cellular and experimental animal models and research methodologies to understand the complex interrelated pathophysiological mechanisms triggered by hyperglycemia that underlie the development of diabetic retinopathy. The book covers methods for understanding the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, detection and screening of biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy, as well as novel technologies for diabetic retinopathy management. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Diabetic Retinopathy: Methods and Protocols serves as an invaluable resource for scientists and clinicians who are interested in the area of ophthalmology research

• Automated Analysis for Retinopathy of Prematurity by Deep Neural Networks
• DeepROP : an Automated ROP Screening System
• Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Deep Neural Networks
• Automated Identification and Grading System of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Deep Neural Networks
• Automated segmentation of macular edema in OCT using deep neural networks
• DeepUWF : An Automated Ultra-wide-field Fundus Screening System via Deep Learning
• DeepUWF-Plus : Automatic Fundus Identification and Diagnosis System Based on Ultrawide-field Fundus Imaging

• Part 1: Introduction
• Chapter 1.Implantation of artificial intraocular lenses-a brief history (Thomas Neuhann)
• Chapter 2. Epidemiology (Lukas Bisorca-Gassendorf)
• Chapter 3. Anatomy and physiology of the anterior segment (Andreas Ohlmann)
• Chapter 4. Cataract forms and grading (Christopher Wirbelauer)
• Chapter 5. Optical principles (Kerstin Petermann)
• Chapter 6. Digital Lens insurgery (Wolfgang J. Mayer)
• Part 2: Examination
• Chapter 7. Medical history (Johannes H. Burger)
• Chapter 8. Testing of visual function: visual acuity refraction contrast sensitivity (Bettina von Livonius)
• Chapter 9. Assessment of optical phenomena (Gernot Steinwender)
• Chapter 10. Slit lamp examination (Gernot Steinwender)
• Chapter 11. Binocular vison and motility (Oliver Ehrt)
• Chapter 12. Measurement of intraocular pressure (Matthias Nobl)
• Chapter 13. Eyelids (Christoph Hintschich)
• Chapter 14. Optical biometry (Oliver Findl)
• Chapter 15. Scheimpflug tomography and measurement of higher order aberrations (Jens Bhren)
• Chapter 16. OCT of the anterior segment (Nikolaus Luft)
• Chapter 17. OCT of the posterior segment (Jakob Siedlecki)
• Chapter 18. Measurement of endothelial cells (Gernot Steinwender)
• Chapter 19. Tear film analysis (Anna Maria Schuh)
• Chapter 20. Pupillometry (Helmut Wilhelm)
• Chapter 21. Congenital and childhood cataract: Examination and indication for newborns and children (Gnther Rudolph)
• Chapter 22. Anaesthesia for cataract surgery (Friedrich Lersch)
• Part 3: Choosing the right lens.-Chapter 23. Design and material of intraocular lenses (Gerd U. Auffarth)
• Chapter 24. General introduction to IOL calculation (Peter Hoffmann)
• Chapter 25. Formula optimisation and use of the IOL WEB platform IOLCon (Achim Langenbucher).

This book summarizes the current knowledge on lens surgery. Not only are the surgical procedures described in detail, but experts share with the reader many useful practical tips for individual surgical steps to achieve the best possible surgical result. In addition to the focus on surgery, pre- and post-operative care and complication management is also discussed in detail and a systematic review of the current literature is provided. Clear and concisely written chapters highlight topics such as the use of special lenses, femto-laser lens surgery, secondary lens implantation and phakic lens surgery throughout the book. Cataract and Lens Surgery offers a practical resource for ophthalmologists who perform lens surgery in their daily clinical practice. Clinicians navigating the different types of lens preparations and properties for routine to complex procedures will find this book to be an essential guide.

• Intro
• Foreword
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• Contents
• About the Authors
• Chapter 1: Introduction
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Background
• 2.1 The Eyes as Sensory Organs
• 3 Global Statistics
• 4 Psychosocial and Holistic Care Needs
• 4.1 Barriers to the Provision of Psychosocial Care
• 4.2 Establishing Well-Being
• 5 Outline of Chapters
• References
• Chapter 2: The Value of Applying Psychosocial Theory and Models to Ocular Disease
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Background
• 2.1 Theory
• 2.2 Seven Steps of Theory
• 3 Roy's Adaptation Model
• 3.1 Origins
• 3.2 Meaning

• 3.3 Logical Adequacy
• 3.4 Usefulness
• 3.5 Generalizability
• 3.6 Parsimony
• 3.7 Testability
• 3.8 Report of Utilization of Theory in Research and/or Practice
• 3.9 Application to Ophthalmic Nursing Practice
• 4 Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory
• 4.1 Origins
• 4.2 Meaning
• 4.3 Logical Adequacy
• 4.4 Usefulness
• 4.5 Generalizability
• 4.6 Parsimony
• 4.7 Testability
• 4.8 Report of Utilization of Theory in Research and/or Practice
• 4.9 Application to Ophthalmic Nursing Practice
• 5 Bandura's Social Learning Theory
• 5.1 Origins
• 5.2 Meaning
• 5.3 Logic

• 5.4 Usefulness
• 5.5 Generalizability
• 5.6 Parsimony
• 5.7 Testability
• 5.8 Report of Utilization of Theory in Research and/or Practice
• 5.9 Application to Ophthalmic Nursing Practice
• 6 Lazarus and Folkman's Transactional Stress Theory
• 6.1 Origins
• 6.2 Meaning
• 6.3 Logical Adequacy
• 6.4 Usefulness
• 6.5 Generalizability
• 6.6 Parsimony
• 6.7 Testability
• 6.8 Report of Utilization of Theory in Research and/or Practice
• 6.9 Application to Ophthalmic Nursing Practice
• 7 Pender's Health Promotion Model
• 7.1 Origins
• 7.2 Meaning
• 7.3 Logical Adequacy

• 7.4 Usefulness
• 7.5 Generalizability
• 7.6 Parsimony
• 7.7 Testability
• 7.8 Report of Utilization of Theory in Research and/or Practice
• 7.9 Application to Ophthalmic Nursing Practice
• 8 Future Directions
• 9 Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 3: The Psychosocial Impact of Ocular Disease on Body Image
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Body Image
• 3 Ocular Conditions with Altered Body Image
• 3.1 Losing an Eye
• 3.2 Strabismus (Fig. 2)
• 3.3 Thyroid Eye Disease (Fig. 3)
• 3.4 Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (Fig. 4)
• 4 Psychosocial Impact of Disfiguring Eye Conditions Altering Body Image

• 5 Model of Care for Patients with Altered Body Image
• 5.1 Price's (2016) Body Image Model
• 5.2 Losing an Eye
• 5.2.1 Psychosocial Care
• 5.2.2 Counseling
• 5.3 Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (Fig. 4)
• 5.3.1 Psychosocial Care
• 5.3.2 Counseling to Regain Self-Esteem
• 5.4 Strabismus (Fig. 2)
• 5.4.1 Psychosocial Care
• 5.4.2 Counseling
• 5.5 Thyroid Eye Disease (Graves' Ophthalmopathy) (Fig. 3)
• 5.5.1 Psychological Care and Counseling
• 6 Positive Mental Health
• 7 Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 4: Stigma Related to Sight Loss and Psychosocial Care

Background: Psychosocial care remains an extremely important part of the holistic approach to care, but one which has been underestimated in clinical practice and only superficially addressed in the ophthalmic literature to date. This aspect of care most often gets less attention by healthcare professionals due to the dominance of a technology-enhanced approach to caring practice. Clearly, the skills afforded by science and technology are important for healthcare professionals in practice, but it is also important for them to be aware of the impact of the transfer of such skills on patients from a humanistic perspective. The delivery of technology-enhanced care can often trigger innermost feelings and needs such as fear, anxiety, stress, loss of control, and a sense of alienation. This book seeks to address the imbalance often observed between nursing both as an art and science, and to emphasise the importance of raising the healthcare knowledge and understanding of the value of social psychology and its application to ophthalmic practice in addressing this imbalance. Main aims: (1) To discuss the psychosocial needs and care of patients with ocular disease and sight loss. (2) To discuss the importance and relevance of the psychosocial aspects of ophthalmic care with reference to psychosocial theory and its application. (3) To discuss the psychosocial role of the healthcare professional in facilitating emotional recovery and promoting quality of life in the care and management of patients with ocular disease and sight loss. .

• 1. Ocular Surface Anatomy and Physiology
• 2. Phlyctenular disease, ocular rosacea and the role of the eyelid margin in ocular surface diseases of children
• 3. Allergic and atopic disease of the pediatric eye
• 4. Infectious Conjunctivitis in Children
• 5. Ocular Surface Lesions in Children
• 6. Pediatric ocular graft versus host disease and dry eye disease
• 7. Ophthalmic Manifestations of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Mycoplasma Induced Rash and Mucositis in Children
• 8. Pediatric Neurotrophic Keratopathy
• 9. The Role of Contact Lenses in the Management of Ocular Surface Disease in Children
• 10. Surgical Rehabilitation of the Ocular Surface in Children

Ocular surface diseases in children have not always been well understood and the literature in this age group is limited. The consequences of misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis include visually significant scarring and amblyopia, thus with real impact on their quality of life and ultimate visual potential. Recently, there has been an increase in clinical and research focus on these diseases, contributing to a growing awareness of their importance to pediatric visual health. This book is the first comprehensive volume dedicated to pediatric ocular surface diseases. It provides an up-to-date and highly illustrated discussion of the pathophysiology, symptomatology and diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of these less commonly understood diseases, in a format that is readily absorbed by trainees and seasoned physicians alike. The aim of this book is to provide a practical and detailed understanding of ocular surface disease in the pediatric population, as many of these corneal conditions in children require unique therapeutic approaches and may have subtle presentations. Chapters will address key issues, such as dry eye disease, Steven Johnson Syndrome and neurotrophic keratitis, that can have a profound impact on childrens visual and social development. Pediatric Ocular Surface Disease is a must-have resource for pediatric ophthalmology fellows, cornea fellows, pediatric ophthalmologists, and cornea specialists

• 1. General Guidelines For Pediatric Retinal Surgery
• 2. Conservative Interventions For Retinal Diseases
• 3. Surgical Management Of Pediatric Retinal Vascular Disorders
• 4. Developmental Disorders
• 5. Inflammatory Disorders
• 6. Pediatric Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
• 7. Pediatric Ocular Trauma
• 8. Posterior Segment Hemorrhages
• 9. Retinoblastoma
• 10. Miscellaneous Management Topics
• 11. Visual Rehabilitation

This book provides practical information on how to approach pediatric retinal diseases especially with respect to surgical indications and decisions as well as tips and key points for surgical techniques. Clear and concise chapters highlight pearls, pitfalls and related basic knowledge elements which are supported by video clips to provide a unique reference. Pediatric Vitreoretinal Surgery is an essential guide for ophthalmologists, ophthalmology residents, vitreoretinal fellows and practicing vitreoretinal surgeons seeking a key resource to support their daily practice for pediatric retinal diseases. Questions and answers via app: Download the Springer Nature Flashcards app free of charge to test your knowledge on pediatric vitreoretinal surgery

• High Resolution Imaging Mass Spectrometry of Human Donor Eye: Photoreceptor Cells and Basal Laminar Deposits of Age-related Macular Degeneration
• The non-canonical role of Complement Factor H in Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) cells and implications for Age-related Macular Degeneration
• Macular Pigment Carotenoids and Bisretinoid A2E
• Disturbed matrix metalloproteinases activity in age-related macular degeneraton
• Current views on Chr10q26 contribuiton to age-related macular degeneration
• Untargeted lipidomic profiling of aged human retina with and without age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
• Decoding Race and Age-Relation Macular Degeneration: GPR 143 Activity is the Key
• Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha ( PGC-1x): a transcriptional regulator at the interface of aging and age-related macular degeneration?
• Regulation of ABCA1 by miR-33 and miR-34a in the aging eye
• The role of gene expression regulation on genetic risk of Age-related Macular Degeneration
• Elastin layer in Bruch's membrane as a target for immunizatio or tolerization to modulate patthology in the mouse model of somke-induced ocular injury
• Repuprosing drugs for treatment of age-relation macular degeneration
• Extracellular Vesicle RNA Contents as Biomarkers for Ocular Diseases
• Proteomics of retinal extracellular vesicles: a reviw inot an unexplored mechanism in retinal health and AMD pathogenesis
• Prime Editing Strategy to Instally the PRHP2 c.828+1G A mutations
• Analysis of CRB1 Pathogenic Variants Correctable with CRISPR Base and Prime Editing
• Generation of an Avian Myeloblastosis Virus (AMV) Reverse Transcriptase Prime Editor
• Pre-existing neutralizing antibodies against different adeno-associated virus serotypes in humans and large animal models for gene therapy
• Optimization of Capillary-based Western Blotting for MYO7A
• AAV Serotypes and Their Suitability for Retinal Gene Therapy
• Gene Augmentation ofautosomal dominant CRX-associated retinopathies
• Txnip gene therapy of retinitis pigmentosa improves cone health Factors affecting readthrough of natural versus premature termination codons
• Integrating Computational Approaches to Predict the Effect of Genetic Variants on Protein Stability in Retinal Degenerative Disease
• Network biology and medcine to resuce: Applications for retinal disease mechanisms and therapy
• Non-sydromic Retinal Degeneration Caused by Pathogenic Variants in Joubert Syndrome Genes
• Exonic variants that affect splicing- an opportunity for "hidden" mutations causing inherited retinal diseases
• Enhanced S-cone Syndrome, a Mini-Review
• The role of microglia in Inherited Retinal Diseases
• CD68: potential contributor to inflammation and RPE cell dystrophy
• Gene Expression of Clusterin, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1, and Their receptors in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells and Muller Glial Cells is Modulated by Inflammatory Stresses
• Axonal Transport Defects in Retinal Ganglion Cells
• Connexins biology in the pathophysiology of retinal diseases
• Role of Nuclear NAD +in Retinal Homeostasis
• Retinal pigmented epithelium-derived ectopic norrin does not promote intraretinal angiogenesis in transgenic mice
• Caveolin-1 Muller glia exist as heat-resistant, high molecular weight complexes
• Role of VLC-PUFAs in Retinal and Macular Degeneration
• Ocular amyloid , condensates, and aggregates - higher order protein assemblies participate in both retinal degeneration and function
• Photoreceptor ion channels in signaling and disease
• The role of peripherin-2 /ROM1 complexes in photoreceptor outer segment disc morphogenesis
• Human mutations in Arl3, a small GTPase involved inlipidated cargo delibery to the cilia cause retinatl dystropthy
• Genotype-Phenotype Association in ABCA4-Associated Retinopathy
• Retinal pathoconnectomics: A Window into Neurodegeneration
• The role of Ceramide in Inherited Retinal Disease Pathology
• Extracelluar Matix: the Unexplored Aspects of Retinal Pathologies and Regeneration
• Role of TFEB in diseases assocaited with lysosomal dysfunction
• Retinoic acid receptor -related oprhan receptors (RORs) in eye development and disease
• A novel mouse model for Late-Onset Retinal Degeneration (L-ORD) devekios RPE abnormalities due to the loss of C1qtnf5/Ctrp5
• Comparison of mouse models of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa due to P23H muations of Rhodopsin
• Compensatory Cone-Mediated Mechanisms in Inherited Retinal Degeneration Mouse Models: A Functional and Gene Expression Analsyis
• Inhibition of Ryanodine Receptor 1 Reduces Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Sress and Promotes ER Protein Degradation in Cyclic Nucleotide-gated Channel Deficiency
• Mouse choroid proteome revisited: foucs on aging
• Morphological and functional comparison of mice models for retinitis pigmentosa
• Current Advancements in Mouse Models of Retinal Disease
• Single-cell Itrnacriptomic Profiling of Muller Glia in the rd10 Retina
• Methods for in vivo characterization of proteostatis in the mouse retina
• Absence or PRCD leads to dysregulation in lipie Homeostatis resulting in disorganizationof photorecptor outer segment structure
• Expansion Microscopy of Mouse Photoreceptro Cilia
• Rod photorecptor specific ablation of Metformin target, AMPK, in preclinical model of autosomal recessvie retinitis pigmentosa
• TLR2 is highly overexpressed in retinal myeloid cells in the rd10 mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa
• Environmental light has an essentail effrect on the diseasae expression in a dominant RPE65 mutation
• Microglia Preserve Visual Function in A Mouse Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa with Rhodopsin-P23H Mutant
• Measuring the release of lactate from wild-type and rd1 mouse retina
• Aerobic glycolysis in photorecptors supports energy demand in the absence of mitochondrial coupling
• Redox Status in Retinitis Pigmentosa
• Perspectives on retinal dolichol metabolism and visual deficits in dolichol metalbolism-associated inherited disorders
• Retinal metabolic profile on IMPG2 deficiency mice with subretinal lesions
• Glutathione-coating of liposomes enhances the delivery of hydrophillic cargo to the inner nuclear layer in retinal cultures
• Modification of Mueller glial cell fate and proliferation with the use of small molecules
• A potential neuroprotective role for pyruvate kinase 2 in retinal degeneration
• Critical role of VEGF as a direct regulator of photorecptor function
• Lysine Ubiquitylation Drives Rhodopsin Protein Turnover
• In-silico prediction of MYO!C Rhodopsin Interactions and its Significance in Protein Localization and Visual Function
• A ciliary branched actin netowrk drives photoreceptor disc morphogenesis
• Revisiting the daily timing of POS phagocytosis
• Inhibition of Bacterial Peoptidoglycan Cytopahty by Retina Pigment Epithelial PGRP2 Amidase
• Understanding ischemic retinopathies: the role of Succinate and its recpto^T mutation
• Inducing neural regeneratio nfrom glia using proneural bHLH transcription factors

This book contains the proceedings of the XIX International Symposium on Retinal Degeneration. A majority of those who spoke and presented posters at the meeting contributed to this volume. The blinding diseases of inherited retinal degenerations have no treatments, and age-related macular degeneration has no cures, despite the fact that it is an epidemic among the elderly, with 1 in 3-4 affected by the age of 70. The RD Symposium focused on the exciting new developments aimed at understanding these diseases and providing therapies for them. These retinal degeneration symposia are known by most as the best and most important meetings in the field. The volume presents representative state-of-the-art research in almost all areas of retinal degenerations, ranging from cytopathologic, physiologic, diagnostic and clinical aspects; animal models; mechanisms of cell death; candidate genes, cloning, mapping and other aspects of molecular genetics; and developing potential therapeutic measures such as gene therapy and neuroprotective agents for potential pharmaceutical therapy. We anticipate that the excitement of those working in the field and those afflicted with retinal degenerations is reflected in the volume

• Introduction and History of Retinitis Pigmentosa
• Etiology of Retinitis Pigmentosa
• Clinical Evaluation of Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa
• Molecular Genetic Testing Approaches for Retinitis Pigmentosa
• Pedigree Analysis of Families and Patients Affected by Retinitis Pigmentosa
• Whole Genome Sequencing for Detection of Structural Variants in Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa
• Fundus Imaging Methodologies to Assess RP patients
• The Use of Optical Coherence Tomography in Evaluation of Retinitis Pigmentosa
• Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) findings in Retinitis Pigmentosa
• ERG to Evaluate the Retina in Cases of Retinitis Pigmentosa
• Visual Function Tests: Visual Fields
• Visual Function Tests
• Visual Acuity as a Measurement of Visual Function
• Measure of Visual Function
• Ophthalmic Fluorescein Angiography
• Indocyanine Green Angiography
• Use of the Medmont Dark-Adapted Chromatic Perimeter for Assessing Rod Function in Retinitis Pigmentosa
• Multi-Luminance Mobility Testing Endpoint
• Preclinical Models of Retinitis Pigmentosa
• ERG to evaluate the retina using mouse models
• Autofluorescence Imaging to Evaluate Retinal Disease Progression in Rodent
• Large animal models of retinitis pigmentosa in therapy development and preclinical testing
• CRISPR manipulations in stem cell lines
• CRISPR-mediated genome engineering in cell lines
• CRISPR off-targeting
• CRISPR manipulations in stem cell lines
• Generation of Human iPSC-Derived Retinal Organoids for Assessment of AAV-Mediated Gene Delivery
• Culture of Human Retinal Explants for Ex Vivo Assessment of AAV Gene Delivery
• Prime Editing for the Installation and Correction of Mutations causing Inherited Retinal Disease: A Brief Methodology
• Large scale single-nucleus RNA sequencing compatible with complex archived samples
• Vector Shedding and Immunogenicity Sampling in AAV-based Gene Therapy for Retinitis Pigmentosa Patients
• Current Management Options for Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa
• Challenges of Treatment Methodologies and the Future of Gene Therapy and Stem Cell Therapy to Treat Retinitis Pigmentosa
• Ocular Injection Techniques for Retinitis Pigmentosa: Intravitreal, Subretinal, and Suprachoroidal
• Surgical Approach with Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Subretinal Gene Therapy.

This volume details the history of Retinitis Pigmentosa and current treatment options. Chapters guide readers through CRISPR, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, next-generation sequencing methods, gene editing, and translational applications of other therapies to the treatment of Retinitis Pigmentosa. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Retinitis Pigmentosa aims to be a useful practical guide to researches to help further their study in this field. .

• Intro
• Preface
• Contents
• Abbreviations
• Part IEssentials for Surgery of the Diabetic Eye
• 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Worldwide Facts About Diabetes
• 1.2 Regional Facts About Diabetes
• 1.3 The History of Diabetic Vitrectomy
• References
• 2 Anatomical Pathology of Diabetic Retinopathy
• 2.1 Ischemic Retinopathy
• 2.2 Anatomical Pathology of a Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR)
• 2.2.1 Formation of Fibrovascular Membranes
• 2.2.2 Status of the Posterior Hyaloid
• 2.2.3 Vitreous Hemorrhage
• Reference
• 3 Hot Topics Regarding Vitrectomy for PDR

• 3.1 Pretreatment or Not-That is the Question
• 3.2 Complications of No Pretreatment
• 3.3 Sequential or Combined Phaco-Vitrectomy?
• 3.4 Immediate Vitrectomy? Yes or No?
• 3.5 Summary
• References
• Part IITreatment Planning
• 4 Surgical Scenarios
• Reference
• 5 Indication and Aim of Vitrectomy of a Diabetic Eye
• 5.1 Indication and Aim of Vitrectomy
• 5.2 Do Not Operate on These Patients
• 6 Treatment Planning
• 6.1 Preoperative Intravitreal Anti-VEGF and Sequential Phaco/Vitrectomy
• 6.2 Surgery of Easy Diabetic Vitrectomy

• 6.3 (Surgical) Difficult Diabetic Vitrectomy Case, Where Retina Already Pretreated with Scatter Laser
• 6.4 (Surgical) Difficult Diabetic Vitrectomy Case NOT Pretreated with Scatter Laser
• Part IIIGeneral Aspects and Surgical Techniques About Anti-VEGF, Laser Photocoagulation and Vitrectomy for Diabetic Retinopathy
• 7 General Aspects and Surgical Techniques About Anti-VEGF, Laser Photocoagulation and Vitrectomy for Diabetic Retinopathy
• 7.1 Three Weapons Against Diabetic Retinopathy
• 7.2 Preoperative Anti-VEGF-Treatment

• 7.3 Laser Treatment: Laser Indirect Ophthalmoscopy (LIO) and Endolaser
• 7.4 Cryopexy
• 7.5 Don't Forget the Fellow Eye
• 7.6 Two-Step Phaco/Vitrectomy: Phaco + Anti-VEGF-Treatment
• 7.7 Diabetic Vitrectomy
• 7.7.1 Monomanual Vitrectomy
• 7.7.2 Bimanual Vitrectomy
• 7.8 Take Home Message: Ten Recommendations for VR Surgery of TRD Secondary to Diabetes
• References
• Part IVSurgery of Easy Diabetic Retinopathy
• 8 Surgery of Easy Diabetic Vitrectomy
• 8.1 Anaesthesia for Easy Diabetic Vitrectomy
• 8.2 Treatment Planning for Easy Diabetic Vitrectomy

• 8.3 Sequential Phacoemulsification and Anti-VEGF Treatment
• 8.4 Easy Diabetic Vitrectomy
• 8.4.1 Introduction
• 8.4.2 Surgery
• 8.5 Surgery of Easy Diabetic Vitrectomy Vitrectomy Case with ATTACHED Posterior Hyaloid
• 8.6 Complications
• 8.7 FAQ
• Part VSurgery of Difficult Diabetic Vitrectomy
• 9 Instruments and Surgical Techniques for Difficult Diabetic Vitrectomy
• 9.1 Instruments
• 9.1.1 Vitreous Cutter
• 9.1.2 Illumination for Bimanual Vitrectomy
• 9.1.3 Instruments for Hemostasis
• 9.1.4 Instruments for Peeling of Fibrovascular Membranes
• 9.1.5 Dyes

This book describes step by step how to operate on the patient with diabetic retinopathy. After thorough explanation of surgical planning, including the potential need to perform individual procedures at different time points, each stage of the vitrectomy is clearly documented with the aid of color photographs and drawings as well as online surgical videos. Variations in approach are described that are potentially of value, depending on whether one is dealing with a straightforward diabetic retinopathy or a difficult case of tractional retinal detachment. In the second part of the book, a series of case reports are presented that illustrate the surgical procedures applicable in different circumstances. In addition, pearls and pitfalls are highlighted. Small-Gauge Vitrectomy for Diabetic Retinopathy, 2nd Edition has been updated in response to the rapid increase of diabetes worldwide and the technical advancements in ocular surgery. New chapters on anatomy, surgery and novel laser photocoagulation strategies for diabetic retinopathy also feature in this revised edition. This book is an ideal source of information and guidance for all who are embarking upon such surgery or wish to further hone their skills.

• Intro
• Content
• Introduction
• Dry Eye Self-Assessment Questionnaire
• Chapter 1 Did You Really Pull an All-Nighter? You Look So Refreshed!
• What is dry eye?
• What are the symptoms of dry eye?
• What is tear film?
• Types of Dry Eye
• Chapter 2 More Oil?! My Face is Oily Enough!
• LIPIVIEW Exam
• Incomplete Blinking
• Ocular Surface Exam
• Non-invasive Measurement of Tear Meniscus
• Non-invasive Measurement of Tear Breakup Time
• Red Eye Score
• Meibography
• Schirmer's Test
• Chapter 3 Worms in My Eyes? Really?!
• What is demodex?
• Types of Demodex

• Infestation Location
• Symptoms of Demodex Infestation
• How to Count Demodex
• the Traditional Way
• Confocal Microscopy
• Chapter 4 Eye Care is Just As Important As Skin Care
• Evaporative Dry Eye
• Home Remedies for Dry Eye
• Heating Eye Mask
• Home Remedies for Dry Eye
• Eye Massager
• Home Remedies for Dry Eye
• Self-massage
• Quality Levels of Meibomian Gland Discharge
• Home Remedies for Dry Eye
• Tea Tree Oil Eye Mask
• Home Remedies for Dry Eye
• Blinking Exercise
• Chapter 5 I've Got a Pair of "Laser-Shooting Eyes"!
• The Potential Consequences of Chronic Dry Eye

• Patients with Serious Dry Eye
• Aqueous-deficient Dry Eye
• Dry Eye Treatment
• Steaming Therapy
• Dry Eye Treatment
• Intense Pulsed Light (IPL)
• Dry Eye Treatment
• Meibomian Gland Massage
• Dry Eye Treatment
• Post-treatment Healing
• Chapter 6 Good Habits are Everything
• The Seven Unhealthy Habits That Cause Dry Eye
• Daily Care for Dry Eye
• Chapter 7 Now You Know How to Take Care of Your Eyes, Don't You?
• Conjunctivochalasis/Loose Conjunctiva and Dry Eye
• Systemic Diseases and Dry Eye
• Other Dry Eye Treatments
• Index

• 1. Introduction / Bruno Lovaglio Cançado Trindade and Davies William de Lima Monteiro
• 2. The human eye and refractive correction / Bruno Lovaglio Cançado Trindade, Glauber Coutinho Eliazar and Davies William de Lima Monteiro
• 3. Optical parameters and charts / Bruno Lovaglio Cançado Trindade, Davies William de Lima Monteiro, Luiz Melk de Carvalho and Rodrigo de Abreu
• 4. Intraocular lenses / Bruno Lovaglio Cançado Trindade, Otávio Gomes de Oliveira, Luiz Melk de Carvalho, Jacqueline Beltz Franzco and Davies William de Lima Monteiro
• 5. Eye models / Luiz Melk de Carvalho, Otávio Gomes de Oliveira, Pablo Nunes Agra Belmonte and Diogo Ferraz Costa
• 6. IOL power calculation / Bruno Lovaglio Cançado Trindade, Matheus Lins dos Santos and Joaõ Marcelo de Almeida Gusmaõ Lyra
• 7. Aniseikonia / Andrew J. Toole, Thomas W. Raasch and Marjean Taylor Kulp
• 8. Intraocular and contact lens manufacturing / Luiz Melk de Carvalho, Otavio Gomes de Oliveira and Carlos Henrique Lauro
• 9. Optimization deployed to lens design / Lucas de Souza Batista and Luiz Melk de Carvalho
• 10. Design of diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses / Luiz Melk de Carvalho, Davies William de Lima Monteiro and Otávio Gomes de Oliveira
• 11. Intraocular lens with sinusoidal patterns : design assisted by a classification algorithm / Diogo Ferraz Costa and Davies William de Lima Monteiro
• 12. Eye-Fi and electronically equipped lenses / Andrés Felipe Vasquez Quintero and Davies William de Lima Monteiro
• 13. Mechanically adjustable lenses / Thiago Daniel de Oliveira Moura, Davies William de Lima Monteiro, Jhonattan Córdoba Ramirez, Andrea Chiuchiarelli and Diego Miranda Bruno Lovaglio Cançado Trindade
• 14. Intraocular optical spectroscopy : a proposal for Alzheimer's disease early diagnosis / Ado Jorio, Alexandre S. Barbosa, Emerson A. Fonseca, Lucas Lafeta, Leandro M. Malard, Rafael P. Vieira and Renan Cunha
• 15. Predicting cataracts through automatic image analysis and classification / Monica Mitiko Soares Matsumoto, Mariana Vaz Goulart, Marcus Henrique Victor Jr. and Paulo Schor

This book bridges the gap between the clinical practice and the engineering of lens design. It explores advances in refractive correction in ophthalmic optics, with a focus on current and future intraocular lenses, and presents challenges for lenses with premium features as extended depth of focus and integrated functions