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• Bio-physics Manifesto for the future of Physics and Biology / Y. Oono
• Single Molecule Force Measurement for Protein Synthesis on the Ribosome / S. Uemura
• A Rod Probe Reveals Gait of Myosin / K. Shiroguchi
• Mechanism of Spontaneous Oscillation Emerging from Collective Molecular Motors / Y. Shimamoto and S. Ishiwata
• Simulated Rotational Diffusion of F₀ Molecular Motor / H. Yamasaki and M. Takano
• Thermodynamic Time Asymmetry and Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics / P. Gaspard
• A Measurement-Based Purification Scheme and Decoherence / H. Nakazato
• Quantum Fluctuation Theorem in the Existence of the Tunneling and the Thermal Activation / T. Monnai
• Statistical Properties of the Inter-occurrence Times in the Two-dimensional Stick-slip Model of Earthquakes / T. Hasumi and Y. Aizawa
• Second Harmonic Generation and Polarization Microscope Observations of Quantum Relaxor Lithium Doped Potasium [sic] Tantalate / H. Yokota and Y. Uesu
• Thermoelectric Properties of Ni-doped LaRhO₃ / S. Shibasaki, Y. Takahashi and I. Terasaki
• Collective Precession of Chiral Liquid Crystals under Transmembrane Mass Flow / G. Watanabe, S. Ishizuka and Y. Tabe
• Interplay of Excitons with Free Carriers in Carrier Tunneling Dynamics / S. Lu, A. Tackeuchi and S. Muto
• New View on Quantum Gravity: Micro-Structure of Spacetime and Origin of the Universe / B.L. Hu
• Colliding Branes and Its Application to String Cosmology / Y. Takamizu
• One-Loop Corrections to Scalar and Tensor Perturbations during Inflation / Y. Urakawa and K. Maeda
• Variational Calculation for the Equation of State of Nuclear Matter toward Supernova Simulations / H. Kanzawa, K. Oyamatsu, K. Sumiyoshi and M. Takano
• Two Strong Radio Bursts at High and Medium Galactic Latitude / S. Kida and T. Daishido
• Effects of QCD Phase Transition on the Ejected Elements from the Envelopes of Compact Stars / Y. Yasutake, S. Yamada, T. Noda, M. Hashimoto and K. Kotake.

This volume presents the new objectives of physics on self-organizing systems composed of multi-components, in order to create a new field and establish universal comprehension in physics. The book covers broad topics such as the thermodynamic time asymmetry in both transient and stationary nonequilibrium states, the seriousness of auxiliary conditions in physicochemical processes and biological systems, the quantum-classical and micro-macro interfaces which are familiar in mesoscopic physics, the purification scheme of quantum entanglement, topics on gamma-ray bursts, and the walking mechanism of single molecular motors.

• Introductory Lectures: Backlund transformations of the higher order Painleve equations by V. I. Gromak Dressing method and Backlund and Darboux transformations by D. Levi and O. Ragnisco The classical geometry of Backlund transformations. Introduction to applications in soliton theory by C. Rogers and W. K. Schief An introduction to integrable difference and differential geometries: Affine spheres, their natural generalization and discretization by W. K. Schief Original Contributions: On Bianchi and Backlund transformations of two dimensional surfaces in four dimensional Euclidean space by Yu. Aminov and A. Sym Group invariant solutions without transversality and the principle of symmetric criticality by I. M. Anderson, M. E. Fels, and C. G. Torre Multi-component matrix KP hierarchies as symmetry-enhanced scalar KP hierarchies and their Darboux-Backlund solutions by H. Aratyn, E. Nissimov, and S. Pacheva The Darboux-Backlund transformation and Clifford algebras by J. L. Cieslinski On discrete Painleve equations as Backlund transformations by P. A. Clarkson, E. L. Mansfield, and H. N. Webster A Backlund transformation for timelike surfaces of constant mean curvature in $\mathbb R^{1,2}$ by J. N. Clelland On Ribaucour transformations by A. V. Corro, W. Ferreira, and K. Tenenblat The Ribaucour congruences of spheres within Lie sphere geometry by A. Doliwa Backlund transformations for the reduced Maxwell-Bloch equations by N. M. Ercolani Transformations of quasilinear systems originating from the projective theory of congruences by E. V. Ferapontov Backlund links between different analytic descriptions of constant mean curvature surfaces by E. V. Ferapontov and A. M. Grundland On the integrability of Weingarten surfaces by F. Finkel A new immersion formula for surfaces on Lie algebras and integrable equations by F. Finkel and A. S. Fokas Difficulties with the SDiff(2) Toda equation by J. D. Finley III Superposition formulas based on nonprimitive group action by M. Havlicek, S. Posta, and P. Winternitz Symmetries of differential difference equations and Lie algebra contractions by R. H. Heredero, D. Levi, M. A. Rodriguez, and P. Winternitz Backlund transformations from the bilinear viewpoint by J. Hietarinta Towards the Lax formulation of SU(2) principal models with nonconstant metric by L. Hlavaty Transcendental solutions of the sine-Gordon equation by C. A. Hoenselaers and S. Micciche Three dimensional skyrmions and harmonic maps by T. Ioannidou, B. Piette, and W. J. Zakrzewski Induced surfaces and their integrable deformations by B. G. Konopelchenko and G. Landolfi Properties of a class of slowly decaying oscillatory solutions of KdV by M. Kovalyov Blending two discrete integrability criteria: Singularity confinement and algebraic entropy by S. Lafortune, A. Ramani, B. Grammaticos, Y. Ohta, and K. M. Tamizhmani Backlund transformations of soliton systems from symmetry constraints by W.-X. Ma and X. Geng Open problems for the super KdV equations by P. Mathieu Combinatorial aspects of the Darboux transformation by R. Milson Backlund transformation and nonlinear superposition formula of the Kaup-Kupershmidt and Tzitzeica equations by M. Musette, R. Conte, and C. Verhoeven Classification of symmetry-integrable evolution equations by P. J. Olver, J. A. Sanders, and J. P. Wang Integrability of evolution equations and pseudo-spherical surfaces by E. G. Reyes Infinitesimal Backlund transformations of $K$-nets. The 2 + 1 - dimensional Sinh-Gordon system by C. Rogers and W. K. Schief Isothermic surfaces and the Calapso equation: The full Monty by W. K. Schief Backlund transformations induced by symmetries. Application: Discrete mKdV by R. Schmid Darboux transformation for a spectral problem quadratic in the spectral parameter by H. Steudel Separation of variables and Darboux transformations by Z. Thomova and P. Winternitz Backlund transformations as nonlinear ordinary differential, or difference equations with superposition formulas by P. Winternitz.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book is devoted to a classical topic that has undergone rapid and fruitful development over the past 25 years, namely Backlund and Darboux transformations and their applications in the theory of integrable systems, also known as soliton theory. The book consists of two parts. The first is a series of introductory pedagogical lectures presented by leading experts in the field. They are devoted respectively to Backlund transformations of Painleve equations, to the dressing method and Backlund and Darboux transformations, and to the classical geometry of Backlund transformations and their applications to soliton theory.The second part contains original contributions that represent new developments in the theory and applications of these transformations. Both the introductory lectures and the original talks were presented at an International Workshop that took place in Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada). This volume covers virtually all recent developments in the theory and applications of Backlund and Darboux transformations.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Atoms and the void
• 2. Sets
• 3. Goedel, Turing, and friends
• 4. Minds and machines
• 5. Paleocomplexity
• 6. P, NP, and friends
• 7. Randomness
• 8. Crypto
• 9. Quantum
• 10. Quantum computing
• 11. Penrose
• 12. Decoherence and hidden variables
• 13. Proofs
• 14. How big are quantum states?
• 15. Skepticism of quantum computing
• 16. Learning
• 17. Interactive proofs and more
• 18. Fun with the Anthropic Principle
• 19. Free will
• 20. Time travel
• 21. Cosmology and complexity
• 22. Ask me anything.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Written by noted quantum computing theorist Scott Aaronson, this book takes readers on a tour through some of the deepest ideas of maths, computer science and physics. Full of insights, arguments and philosophical perspectives, the book covers an amazing array of topics. Beginning in antiquity with Democritus, it progresses through logic and set theory, computability and complexity theory, quantum computing, cryptography, the information content of quantum states and the interpretation of quantum mechanics. There are also extended discussions about time travel, Newcomb's Paradox, the anthropic principle and the views of Roger Penrose. Aaronson's informal style makes this fascinating book accessible to readers with scientific backgrounds, as well as students and researchers working in physics, computer science, mathematics and philosophy.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Atoms and the void
• 2. Sets
• 3. Goedel, Turing, and friends
• 4. Minds and machines
• 5. Paleocomplexity
• 6. P, NP, and friends
• 7. Randomness
• 8. Crypto
• 9. Quantum
• 10. Quantum computing
• 11. Penrose
• 12. Decoherence and hidden variables
• 13. Proofs
• 14. How big are quantum states?
• 15. Skepticism of quantum computing
• 16. Learning
• 17. Interactive proofs and more
• 18. Fun with the Anthropic Principle
• 19. Free will
• 20. Time travel
• 21. Cosmology and complexity
• 22. Ask me anything.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Written by noted quantum computing theorist Scott Aaronson, this book takes readers on a tour through some of the deepest ideas of maths, computer science and physics. Full of insights, arguments and philosophical perspectives, the book covers an amazing array of topics. Beginning in antiquity with Democritus, it progresses through logic and set theory, computability and complexity theory, quantum computing, cryptography, the information content of quantum states and the interpretation of quantum mechanics. There are also extended discussions about time travel, Newcomb's Paradox, the anthropic principle and the views of Roger Penrose. Aaronson's informal style makes this fascinating book accessible to readers with scientific backgrounds, as well as students and researchers working in physics, computer science, mathematics and philosophy.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• PART 1. NIELS BOHR'S PRIVATE SPHERE - AS REVEALED THROUGH UNPUBLISHED FAMILY CORRESPONDENCE
• PART 2. NASCENT SCIENCE - THE SCIENTIFIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL BACKGROUND TO BOHR'S TRILOGY
• PART 3. THE TRILOGY.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Niels Bohr ranks with Einstein among the physicists of the 20th century. He rose to this status through his invention of the quantum theory of the atom and his leadership in its defense and development. He also ranks with Einstein in his humanism and his sense of responsibility to his science and the society that enabled him to create it. Our book presents unpublished excerpts from extensive correspondence between Bohr and his immediate family, and uses it to describe and analyze the psychological and cultural background to his invention. The book also contains a reprinting of the three papers of 1913 - the Trilogy- in which Bohr worked out the provisional basis of a quantum theory of the atom.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• PART 1. NIELS BOHR'S PRIVATE SPHERE - AS REVEALED THROUGH UNPUBLISHED FAMILY CORRESPONDENCE
• PART 2. NASCENT SCIENCE - THE SCIENTIFIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL BACKGROUND TO BOHR'S TRILOGY
• PART 3. THE TRILOGY.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Niels Bohr ranks with Einstein among the physicists of the 20th century. He rose to this status through his invention of the quantum theory of the atom and his leadership in its defense and development. He also ranks with Einstein in his humanism and his sense of responsibility to his science and the society that enabled him to create it. Our book presents unpublished excerpts from extensive correspondence between Bohr and his immediate family, and uses it to describe and analyze the psychological and cultural background to his invention. The book also contains a reprinting of the three papers of 1913 - the Trilogy- in which Bohr worked out the provisional basis of a quantum theory of the atom.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• Prologue: the Copenhagen spirit
• 1. Science policy and fund raising until 1934
• 2. The Copenhagen spirit at work, late 1920s to mid 1930s
• 3. The refugee problem, 1933 to 1935
• 4. Experimental biology, late 1920s to 1935
• 5. Consolidation of the transition, 1935 to 1940
• Conclusion
• Notes
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

An important study for understanding the complex interconnections between basic science and its sources of economic support in the period between the two world wars. The focus of the study is on the Institute for Theoretical Physics (later renamed the Niels Bohr Institute) at Copenhagen University, and the role of its director, the eminent Danish physicist Niels Bohr, in the funding and administration of the Institute. Under Bohr's direction, the Copenhagen Institute was a central workplace in the development and formulation of quantum mechanics in the 1920s and later became an important centre for nuclear research in the 1930s. In his book, Dr Aaserud brings together the scholarship on the internal origins and development of nuclear physics in the 1930s with descriptions of the concurrent changes in private support for international basic science, particularly as represented by Rockefeller Foundation philanthropy. In the process, the book places the emergence of nuclear physics in a larger historical context.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• eneral Introduction
• Theoretical Foundation
• Further Developments in IDIS Model
• The IDIS Model at the Molecular Limit
• Results for Various Interfaces: C60, Benzene, TTF, TCNQ and Pentacene over Au(111)
• General Conclusions and Future Work.

In recent years, ever more electronic devices have started to exploit the advantages of organic semiconductors. The work reported in this thesis focuses on analyzing theoretically the energy level alignment of different metal/organic interfaces, necessary to tailor devices with good performance. Traditional methods based on density functional theory (DFT), are not appropriate for analyzing them because they underestimate the organic energy gap and fail to correctly describe the van der Waals forces. Since the size of these systems prohibits the use of more accurate methods, corrections to those DFT drawbacks are desirable. In this work a combination of a standard DFT calculation with the inclusion of the charging energy (U) of the molecule, calculated from first principles, is presented. Regarding the dispersion forces, incorrect long range interaction is substituted by a van der Waals potential. With these corrections, the C60, benzene, pentacene, TTF and TCNQ/Au(111) interfaces are analyzed, both for single molecules and for a monolayer. The results validate the induced density of interface states model.

• Preface
• Fractals
• Stastistical Physics, Ensemble Theory, Free Energy Potential
• The Ising Model
• The Theory of Percolation
• Damage Phenomena
• Correlations, Susceptibility, and the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem
• The Renormalization Group
• Scaling, the Finite-Size Effect, Cross-Over Effects.

• Machine generated contents note: 1.1. Concepts of Scale Invariance and Self-Similarity
• 1.2. Measure Versus Dimensionality
• 1.3. Self-Similarity (Scale Invariance) as the Origin of the Fractal Dimension
• 1.4. Fractal Trees
• 1.5. Self-Affine Fractals
• 1.6. Geometrical Support of Multifractals
• 1.7. Multifractals, Examples
• 1.7.1. Definitions
• 1.7.2. General Case of the Cantor Set
• 1.7.3. Dimensions of the Subsets
• 1.7.4. Lengths of the Subsets
• 1.7.5. Measures of the Subsets
• 1.7.6. Analogy with Statistical Physics
• 1.7.7. Subsets η Versus Subsets α
• 1.7.8. Summary
• 1.8. General Formalism of Multifractals
• 1.9. Moments of the Measure Distribution
• References
• 2.1. Basic Definitions
• 2.2. Energy Spectrum
• 2.3. Microcanonical Ensemble
• 2.4. MCE: Fluctuations as Nonequilibrium Probability Distributions
• 2.5. Free Energy Potential of the MCE
• 2.6. MCE: Free Energy Minimization Principle (Entropy Maximization Principle)
• 2.7. Canonical Ensemble
• 2.8. Nonequilibrium Fluctuations of the Canonical Ensemble
• 2.9. Properties of the Probability Distribution of Energy Fluctuations
• 2.10. Method of Steepest Descent
• 2.11. Entropy of the CE. The Equivalence of the MCE and CE
• 2.12. Free Energy Potential of the CE
• 2.13. Free Energy Minimization Principle
• 2.14. Other Ensembles
• 2.15. Fluctuations as the Investigator's Tool
• 2.16. Action of the Free Energy
• References
• 3.1. Definition of the Model
• 3.2. Microstates, MCE, CE, Order Parameter
• 3.3. Two-Level System Without Pair Spins Interactions
• 3.4. One-Dimensional Nonideal System with Short-Range Pair Spin Interactions: The Exact Solution
• 3.5. Nonideal System with Pair Spin Interactions: The Mean-Field Approach
• 3.6. Landau Theory
• 3.6.1. Equation of State
• 3.6.2. Minimization of Free Energy
• 3.6.3. Stable, Metastable, Unstable States, and Maxwell's Rule
• 3.6.4. Susceptibility
• 3.6.5. Heat Capacity
• 3.6.6. Equilibrium Free Energy
• 3.6.7. Classification of Phase Transitions
• 3.6.8. Critical and Spinodal Slowing Down
• 3.6.9. Heterogeneous System
• 3.7. Mean-Field Approach
• 3.8. Antiferromagnets
• 3.9. Antiferromagnet on a Triangular Lattice. Frustration
• 3.10. Mixed Ferromagnet-Antiferromagnet
• References
• 4.1. Model of Percolation
• 4.2. One-Dimensional Percolation
• 4.3. Square Lattice
• 4.4. Bethe Lattice
• 4.5. Arbitrary Lattice
• 4.6. Moments of the Cluster-Size Distribution
• References
• 5.1. Parameter of Damage
• 5.2. Fiber-Bundle Model with Quenched Disorder
• 5.3. Ensemble of Constant Strain
• 5.4. Stresses of Fibers
• 5.5. Ensemble of Constant Stress
• 5.6. Spinodal Slowing Down
• 5.7. FBM with Annealed Disorder
• References
• 6.1. Correlations: The One-Dimensional Ising Model with Short-Range Interactions
• 6.2. Correlations: The Mean-Field Approach for the Ising Model in Higher Dimensions
• 6.3. Magnetic Systems: The Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem
• 6.4. Magnetic Systems: The Ginzburg Criterion
• 6.5. Magnetic Systems: Heat Capacity as Susceptibility
• 6.6. Percolation: The Correlation Length
• 6.7. Percolation: Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem
• 6.8. Percolation: The Hyperscaling Relation and the Scaling of the Order Parameter
• 6.9. Why Percolation Differs from Magnetic Systems
• 6.10. Percolation: The Ensemble of Clusters
• 6.11. FBM: The Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem
• 6.12. Ising Model
• 6.13. FBM: The epsilon-Ensemble
• 6.14. FBM: The σ-Ensemble
• References
• 7.1. Scaling
• 7.2. RG Approach of a Single Survivor: One-Dimensional Magnetic Systems
• 7.3. RG Approach of a Single Survivor: Two-Dimensional Magnetic Systems
• 7.4. RG Approach of Representation: Two-Dimensional Magnetic Systems in the Absence of Magnetic Field
• 7.5. RG Approach of Representation: Two-Dimensional Magnetic Systems in the Presence of Magnetic Field
• 7.6. Percolation
• 7.7. Damage Phenomena
• 7.8. Why does the RG Transformation Return only Approximate Results-- References
• 8.1. Percolation: Why Is the Cluster-Size Distribution Hypothesis Wrong-- 8.2. Percolation: The Finite-Size Effect
• 8.3. Magnetic Systems: The Scaling of Landau Theory
• 8.4. Magnetic Systems: Scaling Hypotheses
• 8.5. Magnetic Systems: Superseding Correction
• 8.6. Crossover Effect of Magnetic Field
• 8.7. Magnetic Systems: Crossover Phenomena
• 8.8. Magnetic Systems: The Finite-Size Effect
• 8.9. Illusory Asymmetry of the Temperature
• 8.10. Formalism of General Homogeneous Functions
• 8.11. Renormalization Group as the Source of Scaling
• 8.12. Magnetic Systems: Spinodal Scaling
• References.

Statistical physics can be used to better understand non-thermal complex systems?phenomena such as stock-market crashes, revolutions in society and in science, fractures in engineered materials and in the Earth?s crust, catastrophes, traffic jams, petroleum clusters, polymerization, self-organized criticality and many others exhibit behaviors resembling those of thermodynamic systems. In particular, many of these systems possess phase transitions identical to critical or spinodal phenomena in statistical physics. The application of the well-developed formalism of statistical physics to non-thermal complex systems may help to predict and prevent such catastrophes as earthquakes, snow-avalanches and landslides, failure of engineering structures, or economical crises. This book addresses the issue step-by-step, from phenomenological analogies between complex systems and statistical physics to more complex aspects, such as correlations, fluctuation-dissipation theorem, susceptibility, the concept of free energy, renormalization group approach and scaling. Fractals and multifractals, the Ising model, percolation, damage phenomena, critical and spinodal phase transitions, crossover effects and finite-size effects are some of the topics covered in Statistical Physics of Non-Thermal Phase Transitions.

• Preface to the series. Preface. Introduction. Chapters
• 1. Phenomenological theory of recombination.
• 2. Impurity centers.
• 3. Cascade capture by isolated attractive centers.
• 4. One-quantum transitions.
• 5. Experimental data on capture by attractive centers in Ge and Si.
• 6. Reciprocal influence of impurity centers.
• 7. Capture limited by diffusion.
• 8. Capture by repulsive centers.
• 9. Multiphonon capture and thermal emission.
• 10. Thermal emission and capture in an electric field.
• 11. Auger recombination.
• 12. Impurity Auger processes. Appendices. References. Author index. Subject index. Materials index. Cumulative index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

In recent years, great progress has been made in the understanding of recombination processes controlling the number of excess free carriers in semiconductors under nonequilibrium conditions. As a result, it is now possible to give a comprehensive theoretical description of these processes. The authors have selected a number of experimental results which elucidate the underlying physical problems and enable a test of theoretical models. The following topics are dealt with: phenomenological theory of recombination, theoretical models of shallow and deep localized states, cascade model of carrier capture by impurity centers, capture restricted by diffusion, multiphonon processes, Auger processes, effect of electric field on capture and thermal emission of carriers.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Prologue: linking 'The Future' with the present
• 2. A data assimilation reminder
• 3. Remembrance of things path
• 4. SDA variational principles
• Euler-Lagrange equations and Hamiltonian formulation
• 5. Using waveform information
• 6. Annealing in the model precision Rf
• 7. Discrete time integration in data assimilation variational principles
• Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations
• 8. Monte Carlo methods
• 9. Machine learning and its equivalence to statistical data assimilation
• 10. Two examples of the practical use of data assimilation
• 11. Unfinished business
• Bibliography
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Data assimilation is a hugely important mathematical technique, relevant in fields as diverse as geophysics, data science, and neuroscience. This modern book provides an authoritative treatment of the field as it relates to several scientific disciplines, with a particular emphasis on recent developments from machine learning and its role in the optimisation of data assimilation. Underlying theory from statistical physics, such as path integrals and Monte Carlo methods, are developed in the text as a basis for data assimilation, and the author then explores examples from current multidisciplinary research such as the modelling of shallow water systems, ocean dynamics, and neuronal dynamics in the avian brain. The theory of data assimilation and machine learning is introduced in an accessible and unified manner, and the book is suitable for undergraduate and graduate students from science and engineering without specialized experience of statistical physics.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Basic symmetry concepts
• 2. Group theory
• 3. Unitary symmetry
• 4. Permutation symmetry
• 5. Young diagram
• 6. Quantum chromodynamics
• 7. Quark model
• 8. Bag models
• 9. Hadron physics
• 10. Glashow-Salam-Weinberg model
• 11. Symmetry in nuclei
• 12. Quarks in nuclei
• 13. Quark gluon plasma (QGP)
• 14. Topology for hadrons

• A Chapman and Hall Book--cover

This user-friendly book on group theory introduces topics in as simple a manner as possible and then gradually develops those topics into more advanced ones, eventually building up to the current state-of-the-art. By using simple examples from physics and mathematics, the advanced topics become logical extensions of ideas already introduced. In addition to being used as a textbook, this book would also be useful as a reference guide for graduates and researchers in particle, nuclear, and hadron physics-- Provided by publisher

• Basic Symmetry Concepts. Group Theory. Unitary Symmetry. Permutation Symmetry. Young Diagrams. Electro-Weak Interaction Symmetries. Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Quark Model. MIT Bag Model. Hadron Physics. Symmetries in Nuclei. Quarks in Nuclei. Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Topology for Hadrons and Nuclei. Matrices. Linear Vector Space. Representation Theory. Symmetry in Quantum Mechanics. Symmetry and the Space-Time Structure. Lorentz and Poincare Groups. Introduction to Topology. Solution of Problems.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This user-friendly book on group theory introduces topics in as simple a manner as possible and then gradually develops those topics into more advanced ones, eventually building up to the current state-of-the-art. By using simple examples from physics and mathematics, the advanced topics become logical extensions of ideas already introduced. In addition to being used as a textbook, this book would also be useful as a reference guide for graduates and researchers in particle, nuclear and hadron physics.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Ozone in the Atmosphere.- The Ozone Hole.- Factors Accelerating Ozone Depletion.- Impacts of Ozone Hole.- The Global Ozone-Depletion Trends.- Strategies to contain the ozone hole.- Monitoring Ozone Loss and its Consequences: Past, Present, and Future.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book underscores the re-emergence of the ozone hole problem and deals with it in its current context of exacerbating global warming. It traces the history of the ozone hole from the stage of formation of the stratospheric ozone 'layer', millions of years ago, into the late 20th century when the anthropogenic destruction of that ozone was discovered. The chapters are written to bring the the reader up to the present day. Factors that influence stratospheric ozone are discussed and the ways to halt ozone depletion are cataloged. And more complex interrelationships are being discovered between ozone depletion and two other global concerns: climate change and ocean acidification. This book sheds light on the intricacy of the situation and its portants. The book will be useful to students and researchers looking for a current overview of the ozone hole problem.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface vii
• Introduction ix
• 1 Equations of Hydrodynamics 1
• 1.1 Features of the Problems in the Formulation of Mathematical Physics 1
• 1.2 Classification of Linear Differential Equations with Partial Derivatives of the Second Order 3
• 1.3 Nonlinear Equations of Fluid Dynamics 5
• 1.4 Methods for Solving Nonlinear Equations 9
• 1.5 The Basic Laws of Hydrodynamics of an Ideal Fluid 11
• 1.6 Linear Equations of Hydrodynamic Waves 16
• Conclusions 20
• 2 Modeling of Wave Phenomena on the Shallow Water Surface 23
• 2.1 Waves on the Sea Surface 23
• 2.2 Review of Research on Surface Gravity Waves 26
• 2.3 Investigation of Surface Gravity Waves 39
• 2.4 Spatial modeling of Wave Phenomena on Shallow Water Surface 50
• 2.5 Actual Observations of Wave Phenomena on the Surface of Shallow Water 57
• 2.6 Ship Waves. Reactive Ducks of the Alexander Garden 58
• Conclusions 64
• 3 Modeling of Nonlinear Surface Gravity Waves in Shallow Water 65
• 3.1 Overview of Studies on Nonlinear Surface Gravity Waves in Shallow Water 65
• 3.2 Nonlinear Models of Surface Gravity Waves in Shallow Water 74
• 3.3 Solution of the Nonlinear Shallow Water Equation by the Method of Successive Approximations 81
• 3.4 Modeling the Propagation of Nonlinear Surface Gravity Waves in Shallow Water 86
• 3.5 Modeling the Refraction of Nonlinear Surface Gravity Waves 99
• 3.6 Modeling of Propagation and Refraction of Nonlinear Surface Gravity Waves Under Shallow Water Conditions with Account of Dispersion 109
• Conclusions 117
• 4 Numerical Simulation of Nonlinear Surface Gravity Waves in Shallow Water 119
• 4.1 Review of Studies on Computational Modeling of Surface Waves 119
• 4.2 Statement of the Problem 132
• 4.3 The Research of a Discrete Model 138
• 4.4 Results of Numerical Modeling based on Shallow Water Equations 139
• 4.5 Discussion and Comparison of Results 148
• Conclusions 152
• 5 Two-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of the Run-Up of Nonlinear Surface Gravity Waves 155
• 5.1 Statement of the Problem 155
• 5.2 Construction of a Discrete Finite-Volume Model 160
• 5.3 Discrete Model Research 169
• 5.4 Results of Two-Dimensional Numerical Modeling and Their Analysis 171
• 5.5 Discussion and Comparison of Results 185
• Conclusions 188
• 6 Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling of the Runup of Nonlinear Surface Gravity Waves 191
• 6.1 Statement of the Problem. Boundary and Initial Conditions 191
• 6.2 Construction of a Discrete Model 195
• 6.3 The Construction of a Discrete Finite-Volume Model 206
• 6.4 Discrete Model Research 229
• 6.5 Results of Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling and Their Analysis 230
• 6.6 Discussion and Comparison of Results 241
• Conclusions 242
• Conclusion 245
• References 24.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

With climate change, erosion, and human encroachment on coastal environments growing all over the world, it is increasingly important to protect populations and environments close to the sea from storms, tsunamis, and other events that can be not just costly to property but deadly. This book is one step in bringing the science of protection from these events forward, the most in-depth study of its kind ever published. The analytic and numerical modeling problems of nonlinear wave activities in shallow water are analyzed in this work. Using the author's unique method described herein, the equations of shallow water are solved, and asymmetries that cannot be described by the Stokes theory are solved. Based on analytical expressions, the impacts of dispersion effects to wave profiles transformation are taken into account. The 3D models of the distribution and refraction of nonlinear surface gravity wave at the various coast formations are introduced, as well. The work covers the problems of numerical simulation of the run-up of nonlinear surface gravity waves in shallow water, transformation of the surface waves for the 1D case, and models for the refraction of numerical modeling of the run-up of nonlinear surface gravity waves at beach approach of various slopes. 2D and 3D modeling of nonlinear surface gravity waves are based on Navier-Stokes equations. In 2D modeling the influence of the bottom of the coastal zone on flooding of the coastal zone during storm surges was investigated. Various stages of the run-up of nonlinear surface gravity waves are introduced and analyzed. The 3D modeling process of the run-up is tested for the coast protection work of the slope type construction. Useful for students and veteran engineers and scientists alike, this is the only book covering these important issues facing anyone working with coastal models and ocean, coastal, and civil engineering in this area.