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La citoyenneté est un enjeu majeur de la construction de la Communauté Economique des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Le concept de "citoyenneté communautaire" tend à assurer l'insertion du ressortissant communautaire dans la vie sociale, économique, culturelle, voire politique de l'Etat membre dont il n'est pas ressortissant, mais sur le territoire duquel il réside. Aujourd'hui, le problème de la mobilité des personnes à l'intérieur de l'Afrique de l'Ouest se pose dans une perspective juridique et politique. Cependant, les Etats membres hésitent entre un engagement plus profond et la liberté illusoire qui découle de la flexibilité. L'enjeu est à la fois de créer un cadre propice autour de la croissance économique, de rétablir la confiance des citoyens dans le processus de l'intégration et de répondre au défi de la cohésion. À cette fin, les citoyens communautaires doivent pouvoir exercer pleinement leur droit à la libre circulation sans contrainte, ni entrave

• Introduction générale
• Les domaines d'intervention
• Les entraves a l'action de la CEEAC
• Les perspectives d'amélioration pour une contribution efficiente de la CEEAC à la gouvernance démocratiques de ses États membres

"L'espace CEEAC a la particularité de regrouper des États dont la légitimité démocratique des dirigeants fait l'objet de contestations chroniques. L'absence de gouvernance démocratique entrave le processus d'intégration en Afrique centrale : c'est là tout l'intérêt de l'intervention de la CEEAC en faveur de l'ancrage de la gouvernance démocratique dans ses États membres. Quatorze ans après la mise en place de dispositifs favorables à cet ancrage, cette étude (1983-2019) présente les outils d'aide à la gouvernance démocratique mis en oeuvre par la CEEAC, dresse un état de lieux des retombées de leur usage, et suggère des réformes en vue de l'amélioration de son action"-- Provided by publisher

• Foreword
• Acknowledgements
• Abbreviations
• 1 au Flirtations with Impunity? An Introduction and Overview
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Background to the Progressive Escalation of the au- icc Conflict
• 3 The Immunity versus Jus Cogens Human Rights Debate 3.1 Previewing Immunities
• 3.2 Previewing the Case for Jus Cogens Human Rights Exceptions to Immunities
• 4 Whither International Criminal Justice in Africa? Objectives of the Monograph
• 5 Overview of Legal Questions Arising and Commentary Thereon
• 6 Overview of Chapters
• 2 A Retrospective on the Road Travelled towards the African Court of Justice and Human and Peoples' Rights
• 1 Introduction
• 2 An Early Path to an African Court
• 3 The Drivers of the Relationship between the International Criminal Court, the African Union (au) and au Member States 3.1 Perceived Abuse of the Principle of Universal Jurisdiction by Western States
• 3.2 The Perceived Targeting of African Countries by the icc and the Double Standards of Western Powers
• 3.3 The Perceived Disrespect Shown to African States and the au by the UN Security Council
• 3.4 Overreach by the icc and Other Actors
• 3.4.1 Prosecutorial Overreach
• 3.4.2 Judicial Overreach
• 3.4.3 ngo Overreach
• 4 Habemus Curiam - The Making of an African Criminal Court
• 5 Rationale for an African Criminal Court
• 6 The Place of the Expanded African Court within the au's Judicial Architecture 6.1 The African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights
• 6.2 Court of Justice of the African Union
• 6.3 The African Court of Justice and Human Rights
• 7 The Legal Status of the Expanded African Court in International Law
• 8 The Emergence and Proffered Rationale for the Immunity Clause - Article 46A Bis
• 9 Accountability or Impunity: The Litmus Test
• 3 The Origins and Evolution of the Doctrine of Head of State Immunity
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Rex Non Potest Peccare : The Origins of the Doctrine of Sovereign Immunity
• 3 Rationales Undergirding Sovereign Immunity 3.1 Sovereign Equality of States
• 3.2 The Theory of Extra-territoriality
• 3.3 Representative and Functional Role of the Sovereign
• 3.4 Courtesies Arising from Comity and Reciprocity
• 4 Evolution of Sovereign Immunity 4.1 The Doctrine of Absolute Immunity
• 4.2 The Commercial Exception to Immunity
• 4.3 The Territorial Tort Exception to Immunity
• 5 Contemporary Application of Sovereign Immunity 5.1 Immunity Ratione Personae
• 5.2 Immunity Ratione Materiae
• 6 Conclusion
• 4 A Jus Cogens Human Rights Exception to Immunity: Fact, Fiction or Wishful Thinking?
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Jus Cogens 2.1 Definition of Jus Cogens
• 2.2 Origins and Theoretical Foundations of Jus Cogens
• 2.3 Nature of Jus Cogens
• 3 The Case for a Jus Cogens Human Rights Exception to Sovereign Immunity and Immunity for Heads of State and Other High-Ranking Government Officials 3.1 Jus Cogens and Normative Hierarchy
• 3.2 Universal Jurisdiction Trumps Immunity
• 3.3 Disqualification of International Crimes as Legitimate Acts of State for Which Immunity May Be Invoked
• 3.4 Implied Waiver of Immunity
• 4 Interrogating the Case for a Jus Cogens Human Rights Exception to Immunity 4.1 Jus Cogens and Normative Hierarchy
• 4.2 Does Universal Jurisdiction for Jus Cogens Crimes Trump Immunity?
• 4.3 Jus Cogens Violations Disqualified as Legitimate Acts of State for Which Immunity May Be Invoked
• 4.4 Implied Waiver?
• 5 Determining Lex Lata through State Practice: Are There Jus Cogens Human Rights Exceptions to Immunity Ratione Personae and Immunity Ratione Materiae
• 5.1 Are There Jus Cogens Human Rights Exceptions to Immunity Ratione Personae?
• 5.2 Are There Jus Cogens Human Rights Exceptions to Immunity Ratione Materiae?
• 5.2.1 State Practice in Domestic Legislation
• 5.2.2 State Practice in Decisions of Domestic Courts
• 5.2.3 State Practice through International Treaties
• 5.2.4 International Case Law
• 6 Recent Trends in the Development of International Law on Immunities 6.1 Institute for International Law
• 6.2 International Law Commission
• 7 Conclusion
• 5 Immunity before International Courts and Article 46A Bis of the Malabo Protocol: Deconstructing the Immunity Clause and Assessing Its Application and Coherence with International Criminal Law
• 1 Introduction
• 2 A Review of Immunity before International Tribunals 2.1 Proffered Grounds for Denying Immunity before International Courts
• 2.2 Immunity and Accountability for International Crimes after World War i
• 2.3 Immunity before Post-World War ii Accountability Platforms
• 2.4 Ad-hoc Tribunals Created under Chapter vii Powers of the United Nations Security Council
• 2.5 Other Ad-hoc Tribunals Established under Authority of the United Nations
• 2.5.1 Prosecutor v. Charles Ghankay Taylor : Invocation of Immunity
• 2.5.2 The Ruling of the Appeals Chamber on Immunity
• 2.5.3 Critique of the Ruling
• 3 Immunity under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court 3.1 The Prosecutor v. Omar Hassan Ahmad Al-Bashir: Judgment in the Jordan Referral Re Al-Bashir Appeal: Decision of the Appeals Chamber
• 3.1.1 Article 27(2) of the Rome Statute as Customary International Law
• 3.1.2 unsc Resolution 1593 Compels Cooperation by Sudan
• 3.1.3 Jordan Had an Obligation to Arrest Omar al-Bashir as 1953 Convention Did Not Apply
• 3.2 Critique of the Appeals Chamber Decision
• 3.2.1 Sleight of Hand in Framing the Principal Appeal Question
• 3.2.2 Revisiting the Rationale for Immunities - A Resurrection of Chad and Malawi
• 3.2.3 Article 27(2) as Customary International Law?
• 3.3 Where to from Jordan? - Some Early Thoughts
• 4 Some Conclusions on Immunities before International Courts
• 5 Interrogating Article 46A Bis - Understanding the Import of the Immunity Provision of the Malabo Protocol 5.1 Scope of Immunity
• 5.2 Type of Immunity: Ratione Personae, Ratione Materiae or Both?
• 5.3 Assessing the Coherence of Article 46A Bis with International Law
• 6 Conclusion
• 6 The au and International Criminal Justice: Genuine Commitment or Sleight of Hand?
• 1 Introduction
• 2 By Their Deeds They Shall Be Known: (Ravening Wolves in Sheep's Clothing)? 2.1 The Shifting Sands of the au 's "Principled Objections"
• 2.2 Withdrawal from the Rome Statute 'in Pursuit of Impunity'?
• 2.3 A Case of the Apple Does Not Fall Far from the Tree? Reviewing the au 's History of Ineffective Accountability Mechanisms
• 2.3.1 The African Charter on Human and People's Rights
• 2.3.2 Courts Established by the (O)au 2.3.2.1 The African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights (achpr)
• 2.3.2.2 The African Court of Justice (acj)
• 2.3.2.3 The African Court of Justice and Human Rights (acjhr)
• 2.3.3 Priming the Expanded African Court to Fail 2.3.3.1 Jurisdiction Ratione Materiae of the Expanded African Court
• 2.3.3.2 Bench of the Expanded African Court
• 2.3.3.3 Financing the Expanded African Court
• 3 A Second Look at the au's Pedigree for Accountability or Alleged Lack Thereof 3.1 Treaties to Ensure Accountability
• 3.2 Immunity Not Impunity
• 3.3 The au Withdrawal Strategy
• 3.4 The Sub-Optimal Diligence of the au Commission
• 3.5 Legitimate Scepticism of the icc as a Paragon of International Criminal Justice
• 4 Does the Malabo Protocol Undermine the Rome Statute? 4.1 Definitions of Crimes
• 4.1.1 Genocide
• 4.1.2 Crimes against Humanity
• 4.1.3 War Crimes
• 4.2 Concurrent Jurisdiction over Crimes
• 4.3 Complementarity
• 5 Conclusion
• 7 Conclusions: Triumph of Impunity over Accountability?
• 1 Introduction
• 2 icc Anti-African Bias, au Impunity or a Comedy of Unintended Consequences? 2.1 A Second Look at the Anti-African Bias
• 2.1.1 icc Engagement with Situations beyond Africa
• 2.1.2 Self-Referrals by African States, Not icc Targeting
• 2.1.3 Rome Statute Limitations and Jurisdictional Constraints of icc
• 2.2 The au 's Witting or Unwitting Dance with Impunity
• 3 Whither International Criminal Justice?
• 4 Some Thoughts on Operationalizing the Expanded African Court 4.1 Jurisdiction Ratione Materiae
• 4.2 The Complementarity Question: Achieving Positive Complementarity
• 4.3 Applying Fair Trial Standards.
• 4.4 Ensuring Capacity for the Court
• 5 A Final Word
• Bibliography
• Index .
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

In Head of State Immunity under the Malabo Protocol: Triumph of Impunity over Accountability?, Kobina Egyir Daniel engages the subject of Head of State Immunity in international law against the backdrop of the African Union (AU)'s decision to create a Court with international criminal jurisdiction before which "Heads of State" or persons "entitled to act in such capacity" will have immunity during incumbency. The AU asserts - in justification - not only that it is standing up for itself against "neo-colonialist imperialist forces, " which have perverted international criminal justice and target African States through the International Criminal Court (ICC), but also that it is preserving the very soul of international criminal justice as well as customary international law on immunities. Beyond the analysis to determine whether the immunity that the AU's Malabo Protocol of 2014 confers represents a retrogression in international law norms that seek accountability for jus cogens crimes, Daniel provides valuable insights into the status-inspired dialectics and self-serving hero-villain polemics that fuel contestations of right between the AU and the ICC, and the worldviews that respectively seek to overturn/preserve the asymmetry of the international legal order. Through a review of legal history, case law from national and international tribunals, state practice and academic expositions, the book examines the evolution and practice of Head of State immunity as well as recent trends in the practice of the doctrine in light of the countervailing push to establish exceptions to immunity in order to ensure accountability under international human rights and international criminal law.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Préface / Chahira Boutayeb
• Introduction générale.
• 1re partie: Une construction complexe du pouvoir de sanction de l'Union Africaine. titre 1. La conceptualisation de la sanction dans le cadre de l'intégration continentale.
• ch. 1. Une approche de la sanction comme outil de stabilisation continentale
• ch. 2. Un travail d'identification des sanctions au sein de l'Union Africaine.
• titre 2. Une appréhension inégale du pouvoir de sanction par l'Union Africaine.
• ch. 1. L'instauration mouvante de sanctions contre les violations des droits de l'homme
• ch. 2. Une prohibition tardive des coups d'état et autres changements anticonstitutionnels de gouvernement.
• 2me partie: Une exécution contrastée du pouvoir de sanction de l'Union Africaine. titre 1. Une application déséquilibrée du pouvoir de sanction.
• ch. 1. Le critère organique comme vecteur de déséquilibre
• ch. 2. Les insuffisances fonctionnelles de la procédure de déclenchement des sanctions.
• titre 2. Une mise en oeuvre imparfaite de la sanction.-- ch. 1. Une subtile disparité des effets du pouvoir de sanction
• ch. 2. Les faiblesses inhérentes aux mécanismes de sanction.
• Conclusion générale

La refondation institutionnelle de l'organisation continentale africaine au début des années 2000 s'est accompagnée, sur le plan normatif, de l'affirmation de dispositions sanctionnant le non-respect de son droit. Or, l'existence de telles normes dans le cadre africain était loin d'être acquise. L'Organisation de l'Unité Africaine a tenté, certes de manière laborieuse, de fonctionner et d'œuvrer dans le sens de l'affirmation d'un pouvoir de sanction. Néanmoins, les insuffisances liées à l'absence de mécanismes appropriés ainsi que d'autres déficiences persistantes, notamment fonctionnelles, ont eu raison de ces efforts et ont contraint à la refondation institutionnelle de l'organisation continentale africaine

• Introduction
• The development of the concepts of African law and African Union law
• Ascertaining the sources of African Union law : a needle in a haystack?
• Membership of the African Union
• African economic and business law : green shoots in the new economic legal order
• Peace, security, the rule of law and African Union law
• Human rights in African Union law
• Economic, social and cultural rights and group rights in African Union law
• Custom, morality, and African Union law : the case of sexual orientation in Africa
• Enforcement of African Union law
• Conclusions
• Appendix 1. Constitutive Act of the African Union
• Appendix 2. Protocol on Amendments to the Constitutive Act of the African Union.

This book explores the emergence of African Union (AU) law as a legal order and its implications for existing order in the region. As an authoritative text on the development of AU law, the book covers such pertinent issues as legislative powers, competences, direct effect in AU law, subsidiarity, interventionism, and enforcement of laws. Olufemi Amao argues that there is a gradual movement from intergovernmentalism to supranationalism in the African Union legal order, and explores how this trajectory gradually and incrementally de-emphasises the discourse on nation state sovereignty; a concept that has caused many problems in the African context. Drawing upon EU law as a comparison, the book also examines how the development of supranationalism affects crucial issues such as human rights, democratic reforms, territorial matters, tribal and religious disputes, and economic relations. As a comprehensive examination of the development of law within a union, this book will be of great interest and use to students, scholars and practitioners in international law, international relations, and African studies.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Les chefferies traditionnelles et les principes de la décentralisation : une coexistence conflictuelle
• La perspective organisationnelle de la décentralisation : un legs historique
• Section I La décentralisation au Togo et au Cameroun inspirée du modèle français
• Section II Un modèle britannique innovant avec la prise en compte des chefferies traditionnelles
• Les chefferies traditionnelles à l'épreuve des compétences administratives et économiques des collectivités décentralisées
• Section I L'organisation administrative des collectivités locales
• Section II Une organisation limitée des ressources économiques
• Les chefferies traditionnelles et la décentralisation : une cohabitation souhaitable
• L'absence d'encadrement juridictionnel des chefferies traditionnelles
• Section I Des chefferies traditionnelles vers des collectivités territoriales
• Section II Le difficile contrôle des collectivités décentralisées
• L'apport relatif des chefferies traditionnelles
• Section I Les chefferies traditionnelles comme acteurs de la politique publique locale
• Section II Les chefferies traditionnelles comme acteurs politiques concurrents.

"Face à l'organisation traditionnelle des différentes sociétés africaines, les processus de décentralisation en Afrique empruntent différents schémas contrairement à ceux observés dans les États modèles comme la France. Cette situation soulève des ambiguïtés juridiques lorsqu'il s'agit d'analyser les principes encadrant la décentralisation dans le contexte des jeunes États d'Afrique. La chefferie traditionnelle, qui s'avère être la seule organisation administrative territoriale africaine originairement connue, fait l'objet d'une appréhension diversifiée. Plutôt que de remettre en cause ce mode d'organisation traditionnel des sociétés africaines, ce dernier peut constituer un atout pour la décentralisation. Cette étude, au-delà d'un bilan sur les processus de décentralisation en Afrique, se veut aussi prospective en offrant une mise à jour des institutions locales en Afrique subsaharienne dans le cadre des réformes territoriales entreprises ces dernières années."--Page 4 of cover.

One of the major innovations made by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is the unequivocal granting of a supranational role to the Court of Justice of the organisation. However, its human rights mandate has led to real and potential tensions within the ECOWAS legal order. The tensions stem from the legal force of judgements of constitutional courts of member states and the admissibility of individual petitions before the Court. This work identifies some deficiencies in the current regime of the human rights mandate of the Court. Gaps exist at the level of the member states' constitutional order, as well as at the community level. The supranational competence of the jurisdiction must be implemented by the possibility of ordering concrete measures to be taken by states for the reparation of human rights violations. Innovative solutions are suggested in this work in order to fill procedural and substantial gaps in the protection system established in West Africa

• Introduction
• Research question and structure of the study
• The legal effect of rulings by national constitutional courts
• Supranational derogation of the legal force in municipal law
• The reception of legal force in the national legal system
• Result and concluding comment

• Préface / Pr. Alain Pellet
• Introduction
• Première partie. Le système institutionnel de l'Union africaine
• Le système central de l'Union africaine
• Les organes de l'Union africaine à compétences spécifiques
• Deuxième partie. Le système décisionnel de l'Union africaine
• Le cadre de la décision à l'Union africaine
• Le contrôle de l'application des décisions de l'Union africaine
• Les sanctions des manquements au droit de l'Union africaine.

"Comment les 55 États que compte l'Afrique sont-ils parvenus, par le droit international, à une organisation régionale aussi aboutie? L'Union africaine (UA) a été définitivement mise en place en 2002. Elle a succédé à l'Organisation de l'unité africaine (OUA) née des indépendances en 1963. C'est cette odyssée juridique que relate cet ouvrage. L'auteur explore l'histoire de cette organisation depuis sa devancière, l'OUA, jusqu'aux derniers actes connus : la déclaration de Syrte, l'agenda 2063, le consensus d'Ezulwini, la réforme Kagamé, etc. L'ouvrage présente le cadre institutionnel de l'Union africaine, puis expose son cadre décisionnel. Il analyse les organes, les ambitions, le fonctionnement, les modalités de prises de décisions ainsi que les principales questions liées à leur mise en oeuvre. Le droit de l'Union africaine, c'est aussi le règlement des crises et des conflits qui alimente une jurisprudence de plus en plus exigeante. L'ouvrage étudie cette institution africaine de l'intérieur à travers les actes, les programmes et les personnalités qui la constituent. Cette organisation, la plus importante des organisations régionales, par l'universalité de ses problématiques et par le nombre de ses États membres, se retrouve au coeur de questions juridiques les plus stratégiques de la communauté mondiale. Le droit international à élaboration duquel l'Union africaine contribue à travers les cités internationalistes, comme Addis-Abeba, Kigali, Midrand ou Arusha, ne laisse plus indifférents les juristes de la société internationale."-- Back cover.

• Preface
• Transition from the OAU to the AU
• Objectives and principles
• Admission to and withdrawal from the AU : the amendment of the Constitutive Act : the question of unratified OAU/AU treaties
• Imposition of punitive measures by the AU
• Organs
• Privileges and immunities
• Finances
• Settlement of disputes
• Human rights
• Refugees
• Economic cooperation
• Environment
• Other areas of activity
• Cooperation on economic affairs
• Cooperation on matters of peace and security.

"The monograph proceeds logically from the organization's genesis and historical development to the structure of its membership, its various organs and their mandates, its role in intergovernmental cooperation, and its interaction with decisions taken at the national level. Its competence, its financial management, and the nature and applicability of its data and publications are fully described."-- Back cover.

• Introduction
• Les normes des organisations d'intégration en Afrique de l'Ouest
• Rapports entre les organisations africaines, l'UA et l'ONU
• Acquis et faiblesses
• Défis prioritaires de l'intégration africaine
• Conclusion.

• Regional integration in Africa
• African regional community courts
• Methodology
• Procedure of and before regional community courts
• Relational aspects of regional integration
• Integration through human rights protection
• Contempt of court : the problems of non-compliance.

"African regional communities have been portrayed by international legal scholars on a regular basis. Yet, this is only partially the case with regard to their respective judicial organs. For the first time a contribution exclusively focuses on the West African ECOWAS, the Southern African SADC and the East African EAC courts and their jurisprudence. After outlining the potential of community courts to contribute to integration follows a microscopic analysis of pertinent extracts from their judgments regarding the courts' methodology, their jurisdiction and procedural law, the hierarchy between community and national legislation, the question of regional human rights protection and the essential obstacle to integration, which is non-compliance. The research is completed by evaluating whether the three courts had a share in the integration process and to what extent they are able to further promote integration in the future."-- Provided by publisher.

• Part I. From the Pan-Africanist movement to the African Union
• Brief historical overview of steps to African unity / Mohammed Bedjaoui
• The transition from the organisation of African unity to the African Union / Tiyanjana Maluwa
• The African Union : principles and purposes / Stephane Doumbe-Bille
• Part II. Structure and organs of the African Union
• The assembly, executive council and commission / Joram M. Biswaro
• The Pan-African Parliament / Sani L. Mohamed
• The African Court of Justice and Human Rights / Fatsah Ouguergouz
• The Peace and Security Council / Roland Adjovi
• The Economic, Social and Cultural Council of the African Union / Mohamed S. Amr
• Part III. Economic integration, development and good governance
• The African Economic Community / Makane M. Mbengue & Ousseni Illy
• The New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) / Edward Kannyo
• The regional economic communities / Stephen Karangizi
• The prohibition of unconstitutional change of government / Muna Ndulo
• The African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance / Helene Tigroudja
• The African Convention on the Prevention and Combating of Corruption / Mpazi Sinjela.

• Part IV. Peace and security
• The role of the Union in conflict prevention and resolution / Mesmer L. Gueuyou
• The right of forcible intervention in certain conflicts / Abdulqawi A. Yusuf
• Peacekeeping operations : the examples of Burundi and Sudan / Mutoy Mubiala
• The African Union's relationship with the United Nations in the maintenance of peace and security / Djaboca L. Tehindrazanarivelo
• The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights / Michelo Hansungule
• The Protocol on the Rights of Women in Africa / Rachel Mayanja
• The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child / Chris M. Peter & Ummy A. Mwalimu
• The Convention governing the specific aspects of refugee problems in Africa / Osita C. Eze.

It is the goal of this volume to provide a comprehensive work which addresses the institution of the AU, its organs and structures, the scope of its operations, its legal framework and the normative standards underpinning its objectives and functions or those underlying the conventions, charters, and protocols it has enacted or inherited from its predecessor, the OAU. This was not conceived as a scholarly treatise, but as a manual to serve as a basic introduction to the institutional and legal framework of the AU and its affiliated organization. It is meant to offer a concise and clear picture of the nature and workings of a continental institution aimed not only at promoting peace and unity in Africa but also at ensuring human security, development, human rights protection and good governance for the peoples of Africa.

• Part 1: Introduction Foreword, Justice Richard Goldstone Introduction, Dan Kuwali and Frans Viljoen
• Part 2: Conceptual Issues 1. The Rationale of Article 4(h), Dan Kuwali 2.What is 'intervention' under Article 4(h)?, Dan Kuwali 3. Calibrating the Conceptual Contours of Article 4(h), Ademola Abass 4. The Role of the UN Security Council in the Implementation of Article 4(h), Martin Kunschak 5. The International Crimes that Trigger Article 4(h)-intervention, Martin Kunschak 6. Interpreting and Implementing Article 4(h) from Ethical Perspectives, Brian D. Lepard 7. Article 4(h) and the Citizen's Right to be Protected, Jan Mutton 8. Article 4(h) Intervention: Prospects and problems, Francis Kofi Abiew
• Part 3: Institutional Perspectives 9. Article 4(h): A Supernational perspective, Babatunde Fagbayibo 10. The Role of the African Peace and Security Architecture in Implementation of Article 4(h), Tim Murithi 11. The Role of the African Union Continental Early Warning System in Preventing Mass Atrocities, John Mark Iyi 12. The Role of the African Standby Force in Implementing Article 4(h), Charles T. Hunt
• Part 4. Preventing Mechanisms 13. The Role of the African Human Rights System in Preventing Mass Atrocities, Solomon A. Dersso 14. The role of the African Peer Review Mechanism in preventing mass atrocities, Thembani Mbadlanyana 15. Article 4(h): Advancing the states' capacity to protect and prevent atrocities, Rachel Gerber 16. The Role of the Special Procedures and Other Measures of the UN Human Rights Council in Preventing Mass Atrocities in Africa, Christine Evans and Jane Connors
• Part 5. Operationalization 17. Drawing Lessons from ECOWAS for Implementing Article 4(h) Intervention, Bright Nkrumah and Frans Viljoen 18. Multilateral Intervention: The AMISOM Experience, Gilbert Mittawa and Fred Mugisha 19. Article 4(h): Translating Politcal Commitment into Collective Action, Frank Okyere, Kwesi Aning and Susan Nelson 20. Mobilizing the Political Will for Article 4(h)-Intervention, Madalisto Z. Phiri and Blaise G. Saenda 21. Article 4(h): Generating the Capability to Protect Populations from Mass Atrocities in Africa, Henry L. Odillo 22. Ensuring Responsibility While Implementing Article 4(h), Noel M. Morada 23. Supporting African Solutions to African Problems: IBSA and the implementation of Article 4(h), Naomi Kikoker
• Part 6: Conclusions 24. Conclusion, Dan Kuwali and Frans Viljoen 25. The Pretoria Principles: A Commentary, Dan Kuwali and Frans Viljoen.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Situations of serious or massive violations of human rights are no longer purely of domestic concern, and sovereignty can no longer be an absolute shield for repressive governments in such circumstances. Based on this realization, the international community has recognized a responsibility to protect individuals in states where their governments are unable or unwilling to provide protection against the most serious violations. However, so far, only one intergovernmental organization, the African Union (AU), has explicitly made the right to intervene in a Member State part of its foundational text in Article 4(h) of its Constitutive Act. Although there have been cases of Article 4(h)-type interventions in Africa, the AU Assembly has not yet invoked Article 4(h) explicitly. This book brings together experts in the field to explore the potential application of Article 4(h), and the complexities that may explain its non-invocation so far. Although Article 4(h) is noble in purpose, its implementation faces several legal and policy challenges given that the use of force penetrates the principles of state sovereignty and non-intervention - the very cornerstones upon which the AU is founded. This book considers these issues, as well as the need to reconcile Article 4(h), in so far as it allows the AU to exercise military intervention to protect populations at risk of mass atrocities, with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations. Drawing from the insights of law, political science, diplomacy and military strategy, the book offers a unique combination of multi-disciplinary expertise that harnesses the views of a diverse group of authors, focused on the legal, policy, and practical insights on the implementation of Article 4(h) and the responsibility to protect in Africa in order to provide concrete recommendations on how to end mass atrocities on the continent.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• African (Banjul) Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
• Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights
• Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
• Constitutive Act of the African Union (2000)
• Rules of court
• African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights practice directions
• Protocol to the Court of Justice of the African Union
• Protocol on the Statute of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights
• African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
• African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption
• African Union Non-Aggression and Common Defence Pact
• Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa
• Bamako Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes Within Africa
• Host Agreement Between the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania and the African Union on the Seat of the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights in Arusha, Tanzania
• Oau Convention for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa
• Oau Convention on the Prevention and Combating of Terrorism.

• Theories of income tax harmonisation in common market frameworks
• Income tax harmonisation : the experiences of the former East African common markets, the EU and the US
• Income tax laws of the EAC partner states : a comparative overview
• Impact of the income tax laws of the EAC PSs on the common market
• Towards (a) harmonised income tax system(s) in the EAC common market : the current state of play
• Summary of issues, conclusions and recommendations.

• Theories of income tax harmonisation in common market frameworks
• Income tax harmonisation : the experiences of the former East African common markets, the EU and the US
• Income tax laws of the EAC partner states : a comparative overview
• Impact of the income tax laws of the EAC PSs on the common market
• Towards (a) harmonised income tax system(s) in the EAC common market : the current state of play
• Summary of issues, conclusions and recommendations.

• Du mouvement panafricaniste à l'Union Africane
• Structure et organes de l'Union Africane
• Intégration économique, développement et bonne gouvernance
• Paix et sécurité
• Droit de l'homme.