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• Adjudicating human rights and security in occupied territory : the legal and political context
• The HCJ's examination of security-related measures challenging the occupation's temporary nature requirement
• Security and welfare of the "local population" : implications of the HCJ's adjudication for the normative principle that occupation is a form of "trust"
• The HCJ's examination of security-related measures in light of the requirement that occupation does not bestow sovereignty
• The HCJ and "unauthorized outposts."

Winner of the 2019 Francis Lieber Prize Recognizing an Exceptional Published Book in the Field of the Law of Armed Conflict This book examines how the Israeli High Court of Justice (HCJ) has interpreted and applied international law principles in adjudicating petitions filed by Palestinians. The research focuses on HCJ judgments that have been rendered since the outbreak of the Second Intifada (2000) in relation to petitions challenging the legality of measures implemented by various Israeli governments and military authorities for the professed need of enhancing the security of Israeli settlements and settlers in the occupied West Bank. It discusses to what extent the HCJ provides a venue for an effective domestic remedy for alleged violations of the Palestinians' internationally protected rights. It further analyses the judgments of the Court seeking to demonstrate why it appears to show a preference for invoking principles of Israeli administrative and constitutional law, thereby promoting the domestic rather than international Rule of Law. Although the jurisprudence of the HCJ has often been hailed as that of an 'activist' court, the analysis of petitions adjudicated by the Court between 2000 and 2014 illustrates why its approach is ill-suited to a situation of prolonged military occupation. Finally, the book evaluates what impact the Court's adjudication, reasoning and interpretation has on the normative coherence of the international law of belligerent occupation.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• Adjudicating human rights and security in occupied territory : the legal and political context
• The HCJ's examination of security-related measures challenging the occupation's temporary nature requirement
• Security and welfare of the "local population" : implications of the HCJ's adjudication for the normative principle that occupation is a form of "trust"
• The HCJ's examination of security-related measures in light of the requirement that occupation does not bestow sovereignty
• The HCJ and "unauthorized outposts"
• Conclusion

Winner of the 2019 Francis Lieber Prize Recognizing an Exceptional Published Book in the Field of the Law of Armed Conflict This book examines how the Israeli High Court of Justice (HCJ) has interpreted and applied international law principles in adjudicating petitions filed by Palestinians. The research focuses on HCJ judgments that have been rendered since the outbreak of the Second Intifada (2000) in relation to petitions challenging the legality of measures implemented by various Israeli governments and military authorities for the professed need of enhancing the security of Israeli settlements and settlers in the occupied West Bank. It discusses to what extent the HCJ provides a venue for an effective domestic remedy for alleged violations of the Palestinians' internationally protected rights. It further analyses the judgments of the Court seeking to demonstrate why it appears to show a preference for invoking principles of Israeli administrative and constitutional law, thereby promoting the domestic rather than international Rule of Law. Although the jurisprudence of the HCJ has often been hailed as that of an 'activist' court, the analysis of petitions adjudicated by the Court between 2000 and 2014 illustrates why its approach is ill-suited to a situation of prolonged military occupation. Finally, the book evaluates what impact the Court's adjudication, reasoning and interpretation has on the normative coherence of the international law of belligerent occupation.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• Assigned residence
• Border/barrier
• Combatants
• Deportations
• Export of knowledge
• Future-oriented measures
• Geneva law
• House demolitions
• Investigations
• Jewish settlements
• Kinship
• Lawfare
• Military courts
• Nomos
• Outside/inside
• Proportionality
• Quality of life
• Regularization law
• Security prisoners
• Temporary/indefinite
• Usufruct
• Violence
• War crimes
• X rays
• Youth
• Zone.

Israel's half-a-century long rule over the West Bank and Gaza Strip, and some of its surrounding legal issues, have been the subject of extensive academic literature. Yet, to date, there has been no comprehensive, theoretically-informed, and empirically-based academic study of the role of various legal mechanisms, norms, and concepts in shaping, legitimizing, and responding to the Israeli control regime. This book seeks to fill this gap, while shedding new light on the subject. Through the format of an A-Z legal lexicon, it critically reflects on, challenges, and redefines the language, knowledge, and practices surrounding the Israeli control regime. Taken together, the entries illuminate the relation between global and local forces - legal, political, and cultural - in Israel and Palestine. The study of the terms involved provides insights that are relevant to other situations elsewhere in the world, particularly with regard to belligerent occupation, the law's role in relation to state violence, and justice.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

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"במשך יותר מ-50 שנים שולטת ישראל על העם הפלסטיני במשטר צבאי. ... בהחומר והשער ... מגולל עורך הדין מיכאל ספרד את סיפורים של אותם מאבקים." -- מן המעטפת האחורית.

• Contents and AbstractsPrologue chapter abstractThe reader joins Issa, a Palestinian construction worker from the West Bank who suddenly received word from his employer that his permit has been denied by the Israeli military, on the long and convoluted journey through the bureaucracy of the occupation, to try to recover his permit. He encounters many obstacles: police detention, attempts to find clandestine ways to work during closure, and mostly, long waiting times in offices and courtyards of the bureaucracy. Following his classification as a security threat by the secret service, he engages two lawyers in his struggle, one of them the author, who represent him in Israel's Supreme Court in the attempt to annul his classification as a security threat and secure his work permit.
• 1Dangerous Populations chapter abstractThis chapter provides a concise history of Israel's military rule over the Occupied West Bank, focusing on population monitoring and control. It outlines the development of the messy bureaucracy of the occupation and the establishment of the permit regime by an array of agencies, technologies, rules, and practices. Following the institutional changes brought about by the Oslo Accords, the chapter shows that while it is administratively inefficient, the population management system followed an effective institutional logic to achieve two major goals. First, it makes the Palestinian population dependent on the administrative system to construct, maintain, and widen the scope of monitoring and control, based on a racial separation through laws and enforcement. Second, it produces uncertainty, disorientation, and suspicion within Palestinian society through the prevention of mobility.
• 2Perpetual Emergency chapter abstractThis chapter analyzes the shift in the role of Israel's secret service, the Shin Bet, in the bureaucracy of the occupation, from an intelligence agency to the central organization that designed, strategized, and made administrative decisions regarding the population of the West Bank. Focusing on the expanding category of Palestinians classified as security threats that encompassed over a quarter of a million people after the Second Intifada, the chapter explores the contradictory profiling practices. It suggests that the permit regime became the major asset of the Shin Bet, increasing its capabilities to recruit thousands of low-grade informers in the West Bank.
• 3Labor of Uncertainty chapter abstractThe permit regime includes the Ministries of Economy, Interior, and Defense, which created a political economy that controlled the lives of Palestinian Laborers and their employers. The complex array of military and civil organizations that populated the expanding flow chart of regulations, forms, and offices created an economy of shortage, in which there were consistently fewer permit quotas than need by employers. This chapter traces how this administrative shortage, the product of the negotiation between the different fragmented institutions of the state, created the perfect conditions for a black market of permits sold, rented, and exchanged between employers and employees, ruled by middlemen, intermediaries, and semiofficials who ran networks of forgeries that were criminalized but not severely punished.
• 4Effective Inefficiency chapter abstractThis chapter outlines how institutional practices of the permit regime affected and shaped Palestinian daily life in the West Bank by disorientation, atomization, and routinization of emergency. Administrative flexibility and the wide discretion of clerks who actually made law during the permit process produced a different kind of bureaucracy, where contradictory decisions, overlapping policies, and secret information turned freedom of movement into an unknown variable in Palestinian life across Israel and the Occupied Territories. Attempts of international and human rights organizations to standardize practices helped develop the permit regime, while resistance to life in the emergency took various forms. People found ways to obtain permits, broke pathways into Israel and across the separation wall, and challenged the Shin Bet classifications in the High Court.
• Epilogue chapter abstractThe reader joins the author as she recounts her first contact with the bureaucracy of the occupation through the military courts of Judea and Samaria. She sets up a makeshift office on Saturday mornings at a restaurant in Area C, where Palestinians who are denied entry because they are classified as a security threat come to prepare documents and affidavits for their petition to the Supreme Court. She then realizes that legal attempts to retrieve permits and remove someone's classification as a security threat are futile. Understanding that legal representation of Palestinians provides legitimacy to an illegal colonial bureaucracy that constituted a security threat for both Israelis and Palestinians leads her to leave her practice.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

In 1991, the Israeli government introduced emergency legislation canceling the general exit permit that allowed Palestinians to enter Israel. The directive, effective for one year, has been reissued annually ever since, turning the Occupied Territories into a closed military zone. Today, Israel's permit regime for Palestinians is one of the world's most extreme and complex apparatuses for population management. Yael Berda worked as a human rights lawyer in Jerusalem and represented more than two hundred Palestinian clients trying to obtain labor permits to enter Israel from the West Bank. With Living Emergency, she brings readers inside the permit regime, offering a first-hand account of how the Israeli secret service, government, and military civil administration control the Palestinian population. Through interviews with Palestinian laborers and their families, conversations with Israeli clerks and officials, and research into the archives and correspondence of governmental organizations, Berda reconstructs the institutional framework of the labyrinthine permit regime, illuminating both its overarching principles and its administrative practices. In an age where terrorism, crime, and immigration are perceived as intertwined security threats, she reveals how the Israeli example informs global homeland security and border control practices, creating a living emergency for targeted populations worldwide.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• Introduction: The Zufin gate
• The battleground
• Deportation : raising the stakes
• Settlements : banging one's head against the wall of the political
• Against torture
• The separation barrier
• Unauthorized outposts
• Security and the piccolo
• Conclusion: Sand on the slope.

A farmer in the occupied West Bank, cut off from his olive groves by Israel's controversial separation wall, asked Israeli human rights lawyer Michael Sfard to petition the courts to allow a gate to be built in the wall. But while the gate would provide the farmer with relief, would it not also confer legitimacy on the wall itself? The defense of human rights is often marked by such dilemmas, which are especially acute in Israel, where lawyers must seek redress for the abuse of Palestinian rights from the country's High Court - that is, from the court of the abuser. In The Wall and the Gate, Michael Sfard chronicles this previously untold struggle, and examines the core ethics of legal work for human rights. Recounting key cases and issues - including deportations, confiscation of land, punitive home demolitions, torture, and targeted killings - he lays bare the reality of the occupation, and exposes the surreal legal structures that have been erected to put a stamp of lawfulness on clear violations of international law. Weighing the success of the legal effort, he reaches conclusions that are no less paradoxical than the fight itself. Written with emotional force, vivid storytelling, and penetrating analysis, The Wall and the Gate offers a radically new perspective on a much-covered conflict and a subtle, painful reckoning with the moral ambiguities inherent in the pursuit of justice.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Contents and AbstractsPrologue chapter abstractThe reader joins Issa, a Palestinian construction worker from the West Bank who suddenly received word from his employer that his permit has been denied by the Israeli military, on the long and convoluted journey through the bureaucracy of the occupation, to try to recover his permit. He encounters many obstacles: police detention, attempts to find clandestine ways to work during closure, and mostly, long waiting times in offices and courtyards of the bureaucracy. Following his classification as a security threat by the secret service, he engages two lawyers in his struggle, one of them the author, who represent him in Israel's Supreme Court in the attempt to annul his classification as a security threat and secure his work permit.
• 1Dangerous Populations chapter abstractThis chapter provides a concise history of Israel's military rule over the Occupied West Bank, focusing on population monitoring and control. It outlines the development of the messy bureaucracy of the occupation and the establishment of the permit regime by an array of agencies, technologies, rules, and practices. Following the institutional changes brought about by the Oslo Accords, the chapter shows that while it is administratively inefficient, the population management system followed an effective institutional logic to achieve two major goals. First, it makes the Palestinian population dependent on the administrative system to construct, maintain, and widen the scope of monitoring and control, based on a racial separation through laws and enforcement. Second, it produces uncertainty, disorientation, and suspicion within Palestinian society through the prevention of mobility.
• 2Perpetual Emergency chapter abstractThis chapter analyzes the shift in the role of Israel's secret service, the Shin Bet, in the bureaucracy of the occupation, from an intelligence agency to the central organization that designed, strategized, and made administrative decisions regarding the population of the West Bank. Focusing on the expanding category of Palestinians classified as security threats that encompassed over a quarter of a million people after the Second Intifada, the chapter explores the contradictory profiling practices. It suggests that the permit regime became the major asset of the Shin Bet, increasing its capabilities to recruit thousands of low-grade informers in the West Bank.
• 3Labor of Uncertainty chapter abstractThe permit regime includes the Ministries of Economy, Interior, and Defense, which created a political economy that controlled the lives of Palestinian Laborers and their employers. The complex array of military and civil organizations that populated the expanding flow chart of regulations, forms, and offices created an economy of shortage, in which there were consistently fewer permit quotas than need by employers. This chapter traces how this administrative shortage, the product of the negotiation between the different fragmented institutions of the state, created the perfect conditions for a black market of permits sold, rented, and exchanged between employers and employees, ruled by middlemen, intermediaries, and semiofficials who ran networks of forgeries that were criminalized but not severely punished.
• 4Effective Inefficiency chapter abstractThis chapter outlines how institutional practices of the permit regime affected and shaped Palestinian daily life in the West Bank by disorientation, atomization, and routinization of emergency. Administrative flexibility and the wide discretion of clerks who actually made law during the permit process produced a different kind of bureaucracy, where contradictory decisions, overlapping policies, and secret information turned freedom of movement into an unknown variable in Palestinian life across Israel and the Occupied Territories. Attempts of international and human rights organizations to standardize practices helped develop the permit regime, while resistance to life in the emergency took various forms. People found ways to obtain permits, broke pathways into Israel and across the separation wall, and challenged the Shin Bet classifications in the High Court.
• Epilogue chapter abstractThe reader joins the author as she recounts her first contact with the bureaucracy of the occupation through the military courts of Judea and Samaria. She sets up a makeshift office on Saturday mornings at a restaurant in Area C, where Palestinians who are denied entry because they are classified as a security threat come to prepare documents and affidavits for their petition to the Supreme Court. She then realizes that legal attempts to retrieve permits and remove someone's classification as a security threat are futile. Understanding that legal representation of Palestinians provides legitimacy to an illegal colonial bureaucracy that constituted a security threat for both Israelis and Palestinians leads her to leave her practice.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

In 1991, the Israeli government introduced emergency legislation canceling the general exit permit that allowed Palestinians to enter Israel. The directive, effective for one year, has been reissued annually ever since, turning the Occupied Territories into a closed military zone. Today, Israel's permit regime for Palestinians is one of the world's most extreme and complex apparatuses for population management. Yael Berda worked as a human rights lawyer in Jerusalem and represented more than two hundred Palestinian clients trying to obtain labor permits to enter Israel from the West Bank. With Living Emergency, she brings readers inside the permit regime, offering a first-hand account of how the Israeli secret service, government, and military civil administration control the Palestinian population. Through interviews with Palestinian laborers and their families, conversations with Israeli clerks and officials, and research into the archives and correspondence of governmental organizations, Berda reconstructs the institutional framework of the labyrinthine permit regime, illuminating both its overarching principles and its administrative practices. In an age where terrorism, crime, and immigration are perceived as intertwined security threats, she reveals how the Israeli example informs global homeland security and border control practices, creating a living emergency for targeted populations worldwide.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Contents and AbstractsPrologue chapter abstractThe reader joins Issa, a Palestinian construction worker from the West Bank who suddenly received word from his employer that his permit has been denied by the Israeli military, on the long and convoluted journey through the bureaucracy of the occupation, to try to recover his permit. He encounters many obstacles: police detention, attempts to find clandestine ways to work during closure, and mostly, long waiting times in offices and courtyards of the bureaucracy. Following his classification as a security threat by the secret service, he engages two lawyers in his struggle, one of them the author, who represent him in Israel's Supreme Court in the attempt to annul his classification as a security threat and secure his work permit.
• 1Dangerous Populations chapter abstractThis chapter provides a concise history of Israel's military rule over the Occupied West Bank, focusing on population monitoring and control. It outlines the development of the messy bureaucracy of the occupation and the establishment of the permit regime by an array of agencies, technologies, rules, and practices. Following the institutional changes brought about by the Oslo Accords, the chapter shows that while it is administratively inefficient, the population management system followed an effective institutional logic to achieve two major goals. First, it makes the Palestinian population dependent on the administrative system to construct, maintain, and widen the scope of monitoring and control, based on a racial separation through laws and enforcement. Second, it produces uncertainty, disorientation, and suspicion within Palestinian society through the prevention of mobility.
• 2Perpetual Emergency chapter abstractThis chapter analyzes the shift in the role of Israel's secret service, the Shin Bet, in the bureaucracy of the occupation, from an intelligence agency to the central organization that designed, strategized, and made administrative decisions regarding the population of the West Bank. Focusing on the expanding category of Palestinians classified as security threats that encompassed over a quarter of a million people after the Second Intifada, the chapter explores the contradictory profiling practices. It suggests that the permit regime became the major asset of the Shin Bet, increasing its capabilities to recruit thousands of low-grade informers in the West Bank.
• 3Labor of Uncertainty chapter abstractThe permit regime includes the Ministries of Economy, Interior, and Defense, which created a political economy that controlled the lives of Palestinian Laborers and their employers. The complex array of military and civil organizations that populated the expanding flow chart of regulations, forms, and offices created an economy of shortage, in which there were consistently fewer permit quotas than need by employers. This chapter traces how this administrative shortage, the product of the negotiation between the different fragmented institutions of the state, created the perfect conditions for a black market of permits sold, rented, and exchanged between employers and employees, ruled by middlemen, intermediaries, and semiofficials who ran networks of forgeries that were criminalized but not severely punished.
• 4Effective Inefficiency chapter abstractThis chapter outlines how institutional practices of the permit regime affected and shaped Palestinian daily life in the West Bank by disorientation, atomization, and routinization of emergency. Administrative flexibility and the wide discretion of clerks who actually made law during the permit process produced a different kind of bureaucracy, where contradictory decisions, overlapping policies, and secret information turned freedom of movement into an unknown variable in Palestinian life across Israel and the Occupied Territories. Attempts of international and human rights organizations to standardize practices helped develop the permit regime, while resistance to life in the emergency took various forms. People found ways to obtain permits, broke pathways into Israel and across the separation wall, and challenged the Shin Bet classifications in the High Court.
• Epilogue chapter abstractThe reader joins the author as she recounts her first contact with the bureaucracy of the occupation through the military courts of Judea and Samaria. She sets up a makeshift office on Saturday mornings at a restaurant in Area C, where Palestinians who are denied entry because they are classified as a security threat come to prepare documents and affidavits for their petition to the Supreme Court. She then realizes that legal attempts to retrieve permits and remove someone's classification as a security threat are futile. Understanding that legal representation of Palestinians provides legitimacy to an illegal colonial bureaucracy that constituted a security threat for both Israelis and Palestinians leads her to leave her practice.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

In 1991, the Israeli government introduced emergency legislation canceling the general exit permit that allowed Palestinians to enter Israel. The directive, effective for one year, has been reissued annually ever since, turning the Occupied Territories into a closed military zone. Today, Israel's permit regime for Palestinians is one of the world's most extreme and complex apparatuses for population management. Yael Berda worked as a human rights lawyer in Jerusalem and represented more than two hundred Palestinian clients trying to obtain labor permits to enter Israel from the West Bank. With Living Emergency, she brings readers inside the permit regime, offering a first-hand account of how the Israeli secret service, government, and military civil administration control the Palestinian population. Through interviews with Palestinian laborers and their families, conversations with Israeli clerks and officials, and research into the archives and correspondence of governmental organizations, Berda reconstructs the institutional framework of the labyrinthine permit regime, illuminating both its overarching principles and its administrative practices. In an age where terrorism, crime, and immigration are perceived as intertwined security threats, she reveals how the Israeli example informs global homeland security and border control practices, creating a living emergency for targeted populations worldwide.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Rights; law and ligeslations; general knowledge.

In the space of only a few years, the Jordanian legal system was transformed from an Ottoman-era regime which made few provisions for intellectual property rights to one which incorporated all the provisions of TRIPS. The TRIPS principles, designed to protect the interests of multinational media and technology companies, thereby became grafted onto the legal architecture of a developing country which lacked judicial expertise on intellectual property, and whose population was culturally averse to recognizing such rights. This book provides a detailed study of this transformation, and the ideological and financial pressures which brought it about. The book argues that the standards for IP protection have been elevated beyond the level at which Jordan is able to enforce compliance. This is damaging Jordan's legal institutions, generating ill-will towards international legal norms, and foreclosing possibilities of innovation via imitation that could bring economic benefits to Jordan, the Middle East, and to the global economy. This is the first detailed study of the impact of TRIPS on a Middle Eastern country, and will be of both academic and practical relevance to all who are interested in intellectual property rights, development, international law, globalization, and the Middle East.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Bedouins; conflict management; palestine.

• Title Page; Copyright Page; Table of Contents; The Oslo Accords: Their Context, Their Consequences; References; Revisiting
• 1967: The False Paradigm of Peace, Partition, and Parity; The University on the Hill; The Government on the Hill; The Bureaucracy on the Hill; The False Paradigm of Peace; References; Champions of Peace? Tools in Whose Hands? Norwegians and Peace Brokering in the Middle East; The Political Past; The Negotiations in the Oslo Back Channel; Norway's Role and the Asymmetry of Power; References; The Oslo Accords and Palestinian Civil Society; Civil Society Prior to the Accords.

• The Oslo Accords and the AftermathFacing Failed Democracy and Donor Agendas; Civil Society Preparing for the Twenty-Year Anniversary of the Oslo Accords; References; "We Have Opened Doors, Others Have Been Closed"": Women under the Oslo Accords; A Long History of Struggle; Hanan Ashrawi, One of the Pioneers; Double Oppression: Occupation and Patriarchy; Amal Syam, Women's Affairs Center; Mona Shawwa, Palestinian Center for Human Rights (PCHR); Increasing Family Violence; No Legal or Physical Protection; Economic Violence; Divorce on the Rise; A Law of Empty Words.

• Maisoun Qawasmi, Political ChallengerWorking through Men; Kholoud Al Faqeeh, First Female Sharia Judge; Making a Difference; Influential Feminists; Bibliography; Oslo
• +20: A Legal Historical Perspective; Points of Departure; Recovering the 1993 Outlook; Oslo Beyond Oslo: The Roadmap and the Quartet; Concluding Remarks; References; A Legal Perspective on Oslo; References; The Oslo Accords: A Common Savior for Israel and the PLO in Exile?; An Election Well Overdue; A Divided Fatah; Emergence of a New Leadership; New Challenges for the Occupier and the Palestinian Leadership in Exile.

• Common Strategic Interests?Joint Interests and Different Visions; Lack of Results and Extensive Corruption; Election in the Shadow of Oslo; The Palestinian Legislative Council Elections in 2006; The Election Results; A Challenging Future and Possible Stumbling Blocks; Concluding Remarks; References; Out of the Ashes of Oslo: The Rise of Islamism and the Fall of Favoritism; The Roots of Islamism; The Oslo Accords: A Pyrrhic Victory; The Second Uprising: The al-Aqsa Intifada; Municipal Elections: An Islamist Triumph; The Second Legislative Elections: Islamists Take Part.

• The International Community's DilemmaNational Non-Consensus; Al-Furqan War: Renewed Resistance while Reconciliation Lingers; Hamas: Resilient, Resurrected; Oslo's Failure, the Islamists' Gain; Hamas in Transition: The Failure of Sanctions; Introduction; Gradual Steps toward Moderation; Hamas and Democracy; From Boycott to Participation; The Burden of Victory; Hamas' Approach to Israel; Hamas' Receptiveness to External Pressure; Conclusion; References; Palestinian Prisoners from Oslo to Annapolis; Introduction; Palestinian and Israeli Perspectives on the Prisoner Issue.

Twenty years have passed since Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization concluded the Oslo Accords, or Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements for Palestine. It was declared "a political breakthrough of immense importance." Israel officially accepted the PLO as the legitimate representative of the Palestinian people, and the PLO recognized the right of Israel to exist. Critical views were voiced at the time about how the self-government established under the leadership of Yasser Arafat created a Palestinian-administered Israeli occupation, rather than paving

• Summary
• Background
• Abuses against Domestic Workers
• Disempowerment
• Residency Fines and Repatriation Cost
• Forced Labor
• Redress
• Recommendations
• To the Jordanian Ministry of Labor
• To the Jordanian Ministry of Interior
• To the Public Security Directorate
• To the Jordanian Ministry of Justice
• To the Jordanian Council of Ministers
• To the Governments of Indonesia, the Philippines, and Sri Lanka
• To the International Labour Organization, the International Organization for Migration, UN Women, International Donors, and Other States
• Methodology
• I. Background
• Recruitment
• Bilateral Relations
• Employer Views
• Jordanian Legal Reform
• II. Abuses against Domestic Workers
• Criminal Abuses
• Physical, Sexual, and Verbal Abuse
• Confinement
• Food Deprivation
• Denial of Medical Care
• Labor Abuses
• Nonpayment of Salaries
• Excessive Work
• Inadequate Quarters
• III. Disempowerment
• Recruitment and Arrival
• Fees and Debt
• Lack of Information, Deception
• No Copy of Contract
• Confiscation of Documents
• Nowhere to Turn
• Isolation and Lack of Information
• Prohibition of Communication
• Lack of Shelter
• Recruitment Agencies
• IV. Residency Fines and Repatriation Costs
• Legal Residency and Visa "Overstayer" Fines
• Cost of Repatriation
• V. Forced Labor
• Agencies' Forced Labor
• Forced Labor Exacted by Employers
• Forced Labor after End of Contract
• Forced Work at another Employer
• VI. Redress
• Lack of Inspection
• Lack of Legal Aid, Case Workers, Interpreters
• Escape, Countercharges, and the Police
• Passport Retrieval
• Salary Disputes
• Prosecution Failures
• VII. Employer Grievances
• Lack of Skills
• Compensation for Recruitment Expenses
• VIII. Jordanian Law and International Standards
• Security of the Person
• Freedom of Movement
• Residency Status
• Fair and Decent Work
• Servitude, Forced Labor, and Trafficking
• Contractual Rights
• Judicial Redress
• Acknowledgments.

"Despite significant legal reforms in recent years, the chances of a migrant domestic worker (MDW) having all her human rights respected and protected in Jordan are slim, if non-existent. Domestic Plight records systemic and systematic abuses, in some cases amounting to forced labor, experienced by some of the 70,000 Indonesian, Sri Lankan, and Filipina MDWs in Jordan. Abuses included beatings, forced confinement around the clock, passport confiscation, and forcing MDWs to work more than 16 hours a day, seven days a week, without full pay. MDWs who escaped or tried to complain about abuse found little shelter and agencies forcibly returned them to abusive employers. Jordanian officials provided little help, including prosecutors, who rarely applied Jordan's anti-trafficking law to MDWs. The report traces abuse to a recruitment system in which employers and recruitment agencies disempower workers through deceit, debt, and blocking information about rights and means of redress; and a work environment that isolates the worker and engenders dependency on employers and recruitment agencies under laws that penalize escape. Jordanian law contains provisions, such as allowing confinement and imposing fines for residency violations, which contribute to abuse. The Convention Concerning Decent Work for Domestic Workers, which the International Labour Organization adopted in June 2011 with Jordan's support, could change that. Human Rights Watch calls on Jordan to promptly ratify and implement the convention by changing laws and practices that restrict MDWs freedom of movement, such as clauses sanctioning their confinement in the house, and blocking them from returning home unless they pay fines. Labor inspectors should investigate and fine employers who violate Jordan's labor code and prosecutors should more forcefully pursue cases of forced labor for exploitation."--P. [4] of cover.

• 1. The Historical Legal and Political Context of the Right to Water 2. The Human Right to Water - Legal Status and Normative Content 3. Obligations Correlative to the Right to Water 4. The Right to Water in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (West Bank)
• Part 1: International Legal Sources 5. The Right to Water in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (West Bank)
• Part 6: Bilateral and Domestic Legal Sources 6. The Right to Water in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (West Bank)
• Part 3: A Case Study in the Southern West Bank 7. Where do we go from here? Conclusions and Recommendations for developing the Right to Water.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The Human Right to Water and Its Application in the Occupied Palestinian Territories provides an overview and examination of the human right to water as determined under international human rights law. This is a highly topical issue, with the UN General Assembly having passed a resolution which declares access to clean water and sanitation a human right (New York, Jul 28 2010), the recent appointment of the UN Independent Expert on the issue of human rights obligations related to access to safe drinking water and sanitation, and movement within the NGO community for an international water treaty. Amanda Cahill Ripley analyses the current legal status, substantive content, and obligations correlative to the right, and examines the relationship between other economic, social and cultural rights related to the right to water. The book goes on to look more specifically at the application of the human right to water in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. Using innovative methodology, Cahill Ripley combines legal analysis with a qualitative social science empirical case study to explore the enjoyment of the right 'on the ground'. The wider implications of the case study findings are then considered, looking at what can be done to strengthen the right legally in terms of its status and codification, and what remedy can be found for violations of the right, both specifically in the Occupied Palestinian Territories and in a more general context. The book will be of interest to students, academics and practitioners within the fields of international human rights law and international humanitarian law, as well as those concerned with international relations and conflict resolution within Israel/Palestine and the wider Middle East region.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. The Historical Legal and Political Context of the Right to Water 2. The Human Right to Water - Legal Status and Normative Content 3. Obligations Correlative to the Right to Water 4. The Right to Water in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (West Bank)
• Part 1: International Legal Sources 5. The Right to Water in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (West Bank)
• Part 6: Bilateral and Domestic Legal Sources 6. The Right to Water in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (West Bank)
• Part 3: A Case Study in the Southern West Bank 7. Where do we go from here? Conclusions and Recommendations for developing the Right to Water.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The Human Right to Water and Its Application in the Occupied Palestinian Territories provides an overview and examination of the human right to water as determined under international human rights law. This is a highly topical issue, with the UN General Assembly having passed a resolution which declares access to clean water and sanitation a human right (New York, Jul 28 2010), the recent appointment of the UN Independent Expert on the issue of human rights obligations related to access to safe drinking water and sanitation, and movement within the NGO community for an international water treaty. Amanda Cahill Ripley analyses the current legal status, substantive content, and obligations correlative to the right, and examines the relationship between other economic, social and cultural rights related to the right to water. The book goes on to look more specifically at the application of the human right to water in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. Using innovative methodology, Cahill Ripley combines legal analysis with a qualitative social science empirical case study to explore the enjoyment of the right 'on the ground'. The wider implications of the case study findings are then considered, looking at what can be done to strengthen the right legally in terms of its status and codification, and what remedy can be found for violations of the right, both specifically in the Occupied Palestinian Territories and in a more general context. The book will be of interest to students, academics and practitioners within the fields of international human rights law and international humanitarian law, as well as those concerned with international relations and conflict resolution within Israel/Palestine and the wider Middle East region.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)