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• 1. Introduction Significance of the Arab Regio4 Significance of Pre-transition Decisions Regarding Prosecution The Arab Region: Rethinking Transitional Justice Scholarship The Absence of a 'Return to a Liberal State' The Necessity of Pre-existing Democratic Institutions Critical Transitional Justice Literature Socio-economic Accountability and Transitional Justice Transitional Justice and the Arab Spring: Emerging Scholarship Methodology Challenges An Expanded Definition of 'Political Leaders' Case Selection Structure of the Book Conclusion
• 2. Egypt Summary of Post-2011 Prosecutions The Prosecution of Political Leaders in Pre-transition Egypt Content and Extent of Prosecutions in Post-transition Egypt A Military-Controlled Transition Egypt's Judicial Struggle for Independence Other Legal Challenges to Prosecutions of Political Leaders Popular Demands for Accountability Prosecutions: A Scapegoating Strategy The Socio-economic Roots of the Transition The Role of Workers' Movements and Labour Unions The Role of International Actors The Role of Domestic Human Rights Civil Society Organisations Conclusion Triggers Drivers Shapers
• 3. Tunisia The Prosecution of Political Leaders in Pre-transition Tunisia The Baraket Essahel Case: The Prosecution of Abdallah Qallel The Case of General Habib Ammar The Khaled Ben Said Case Content and Extent of Prosecutions in Post-transition Tunisia A Transition Muddled by the Anciens Nouveaux Workers' Movements and Labour Unions: The Leading Role of the UGTT Legal Challenges The Role of International Actors The Role of Domestic Civil Society Conclusion Triggers Drivers Shapers
• 4. Libya Case 630/2012-The Trial of 37 Former Members of the Gaddafi Regime The Prosecution of Political Leaders in Pre-transition Libya The Search for Accountability for Abu Salim Politicised Courts and the Prioritisation of 'Security' Content and Extent of Prosecutions in Post-transition Libya A Weak Judiciary Under Threat The Role of International Actors The Role of Domestic Civil Society Conclusion Triggers Drivers Shapers
• 5. Yemen The Prosecution of Political Leaders in Pre-transition Yemen The Decision Not to Prosecute in Yemen An Ambiguous Transition, Civil Society and Navigating the GCC Initiative 'A Different Kind of International Intervention': Geopolitics and the Role of International Actors Legal Challenges and a Weak Judiciary Content and Extent of Decisions Regarding Prosecution Conclusion Triggers Drivers Shapers
• 6. Reckoning with Transitional Justice Egypt Tunisia Libya Yemen Non-paradigmatic Transitions Whose Transitional Justice? Domestic and International Advocates of Competing Visions of Transitional Justice Limited Accountability and Foregrounding Social Justice The Content and Extent of Decisions Regarding Prosecution: A Recap Rethinking Transitional Justice Theory and Practice The Legacy of Deep State Institutions Morocco: Transitional Justice for a Quasi-transition? Conclusion
• 7. Conclusion.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The dramatic uprisings that ousted the long-standing leaders of several countries in the Arab region set in motion an unprecedented period of social, political and legal transformation. The prosecution of political leaders took centre stage in the pursuit of transitional justice following the 'Arab Spring'. Through a comparative case study of Egypt, Libya, Tunisia and Yemen, this book argues that transitional justice in the Arab region presents the strongest challenge yet to the transitional justice paradigm. This paradigm is built on the underlying assumption that transitions constitute a shift from non-liberal to liberal democratic regimes, where often legal measures are taken to address atrocities committed during the prior regime. The book is guided by two principal questions: first, what trigger and driving factors led to the decision of whether or not to prosecute former political leaders? And second, what shaping factors affected the content and extent of decisions regarding prosecution? In answering these questions, the book enhances our understanding of how transitional justice is pursued by different actors in varied contexts. In doing so, it challenges the predominant understanding that transitional justice uniformly occurs in liberalising contexts and calls for a re-thinking of transitional justice theory and practice. Using original findings generated from almost 50 interviews across 4 countries, this research builds on the growing critical literature that claims that transitional justice is an under-theorised field and needs to be developed to take into account non-liberal and complex transitions. It will be stimulating and thought-provoking reading for all those interested in transitional justice and the 'Arab Spring'.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• Egypt
• Tunisia
• Libya
• Yemen
• Reckoning with transitional justice
• Conclusion.

The dramatic uprisings that ousted the long-standing leaders of several countries in the Arab region set in motion an unprecedented period of social, political and legal transformation. The prosecution of political leaders took centre stage in the pursuit of transitional justice following the 'Arab Spring'. Through a comparative case study of Egypt, Libya, Tunisia and Yemen, this book argues that transitional justice in the Arab region presents the strongest challenge yet to the transitional justice paradigm. This paradigm is built on the underlying assumption that transitions constitute a shift from non-liberal to liberal democratic regimes, where often legal measures are taken to address atrocities committed during the prior regime. The book is guided by two principal questions: first, what trigger and driving factors led to the decision of whether or not to prosecute former political leaders? And second, what shaping factors affected the content and extent of decisions regarding prosecution? In answering these questions, the book enhances our understanding of how transitional justice is pursued by different actors in varied contexts. In doing so, it challenges the predominant understanding that transitional justice uniformly occurs in liberalising contexts and calls for a re-thinking of transitional justice theory and practice. Using original findings generated from almost 50 interviews across 4 countries, this research builds on the growing critical literature that claims that transitional justice is an under-theorised field and needs to be developed to take into account non-liberal and complex transitions. It will be stimulating and thought-provoking reading for all those interested in transitional justice and the 'Arab Spring'.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• PART 1. INTRODUCTION Types of System Regulating Access to Land The Israeli Land System The Palestinian Citizens of Israel: Some General Background Objectives, Methodology and Structure
• PART 2 ISRAELI REGULATION OF PALESTINIAN ACCESS TO LAND 1. Dispossession Purchase, Seizure and Expropriation of Palestinian Land The Israeli Land Law and Changes to the System of Land Tenure Summary of Palestinian Land Losses Conclusions 2. The Concept of 'Israeli Lands' The concept of Public Land under Ottoman and British Rule The Zionist Concept of National Land The Israeli Reorganisation of the Land Regime The Roles of the Jewish National Fund and Jewish Agency were Continued and Enhanced The Post 1948 Debate in Israel on Nationalisation of Lands Inherent Inequality of the Israeli Land System Conclusions 3. Administration of Israel Lands: Policy towards the Arab Sector The Israel Lands Council and Israel Lands Authority Rural Settlement and the Role of the Jewish Agency Conclusions 4. Why a Rights Based Approach? Access to Land in International Context International Human Rights Standards and Access to Land Group Rights: The Usefulness of the Notions of Minority Rights and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples The Status and Implementation of International Human Rights Norms in Israeli Law Conclusions 5. Conclusion Appendixes 1. Criteria announced by the Minister of Housing under the Housing Loans Law 1992, regarding those entitled to Housing Loans and Grants.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The struggle for land has been a key element of the conflict between Jews and Arabs in Palestine for the past hundred years. While international attention focuses on Israeli settlements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, legally outside Israel's boundaries, there is another dimension to the land question altogether. Nearly one fifth of Israel's population is Palestinian. This work examines how Israeli land policy today inhibits access to land for its own Arab citizens even within the 1948 boundaries of the state of Israel. The authors - one a Palestinian lawyer and Israeli citizen, the other a British international human rights lawyer who worked in Israel for many years - examine the system of land ownership, the acquisition and administration of public land, and the control of land use through planning and housing regulations. The book shows how the law is used to discriminate against non-Jewish citizens and restrict Israeli Palestinians' access to land. It demonstrates that Israeli land policies breach international human rights standards and that these standards could be used as a basis to challenge discriminatory policies.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface Acknowledgements Abbreviations Notes on the Contributors Part I: International Water Law: Overview
• Chapter 1: A Survey of Challenges and Trends in the Context of International Water Law Rudiger Wolfrum / Adele J. Kirschner
• Chapter 2: International Groundwater Law in the Euphrates and Tigris Region Kerstin Mechlem
• Chapter 3: Governing International Watercourses: Implications of the Human Right to Water Pierre Thielboerger Part II: The Use of Waters of the Euphrates and Tigris
• Chapter 4: Transboundary Water Relations in the Euphrates and Tigris Region Aysegul Kibaroglu
• Chapter 5: Sharing and Protecting the Euphrates and Tigris: Legal Status Quo Adele J. Kirschner / Katrin Tiroch
• Chapter 6: Advantages of Marketable Water Rights in the Euphrates and Tigris Basin Evin Wick
• Chapter 7: Dams on Euphrates and Tigris: Impact and Regulation Through International Law Nicolas Bremer
• Chapter 8: Hydrology Dr. Johannes Cullmann Part III: Comparative Analysis of National Water Laws in the Euphrates and Tigris Region and European Union Water Law
• Chapter 9: Water Law in Iraq: The Present Model for Water Resources Protection Yadgar Kamal Ahmmad Chapter
• Chapter 10: Water Management Laws in the Syrian Arab Republic Rana Kharouf-Gaudig
• Chapter 11: Legal Context in Water Management Policy in Turkey: Evolution of a Complex Framework in Three Stages Vakur Sumer
• Chapter 12: EU Water Law and its Relevance for the Euphrates and Tigris Region Ulrich Beyerlin Part IV: International Experience from other Regions of the World: Comparative Perspectives
• Chapter 13: Procedural System of Transboundary Water Cooperation in the Aral Sea Basin Dinara Ziganshina
• Chapter 14: The Jordan River: Legal and Institutional Aspects Marwan Haddad
• Chapter 15: The Amazon River Basin: Features, History and Legal Framework Lilian Del Castillo-Laborde
• Chapter 16: International Cooperation to Protect the Rhine River: Lessons to be Learnt for the Euphrates and Tigris Region? Katrin Tiroch
• Chapter 17: Sovereignty Revisited - Examining the Rules of International Law that Govern Transboundary Water Resources with a Focus on Upstream/Downstream State Practice - Possible Lessons Learned for the Euphrates-Tigris Patricia Wouters Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Water Law and Cooperation in the Euphrates-Tigris Region: A Comparative and Interdisciplinary Approach builds on the increased attention for international water governance questions in the UN International Year of Water Cooperation (2013) to evaluate various management issues related to the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, with particular attention to the legal governing framework. Alongside contributions by legal scholars from the respective riparian countries on the national water law, the book offers a unique interdisciplinary perspective on political, hydrological and environmental aspects of water management in the region. Additionally, the overall legal implications of water sharing and water resource management are addressed analyzed, in a critical overview. Finally, Water Law in the Euphrates-Tigris Region: A Comparative and Interdisciplinary Approach serves as a comprehensive analysis of modern water law in its inclusion of comparative studies of legal and institutional aspects of water management systems in other international river basins. Legal scholars, political scientists, specialists in conflict resolution, economists and policy-makers will find an essential new work in Water Law in the Euphrates-Tigris Region: A Comparative and Interdisciplinary Approach.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• A survey of challenges and trends in the context of international water law / Rüdiger Wolfrum and Adele J. Kirschner
• International groundwater law in the Euphrates and Tigris region / Kerstin Mechlem
• Governing international watercourses : implications of the human right to water / Pierre Thielborger
• Transboundary water relations in the Euphrates and Tigris region / Aysegül Kibaroglu
• Sharing and protecting the Euphrates and Tigris : legal status quo / Adele J. Kirschner and Katrin Tiroch
• Advantages of marketable water rights in the Tigris and Euphrates basin / Evin Wick
• Dams on Euphrates and Tigris : impact and regulation through international law / Nicolas Bremer
• Hydrology / Johannes Cullmann
• Water law in Iraq : the present model for water resources protection / Yadgar Kamal Ahmmad
• Water management laws in the Syrian Arab Republic / Rana Kharouf-Gaudig
• Legal context in water management policy in Turkey : evolution of a complex framework in three stages / Vakur Sümer
• EU water law and its relevance for the Euphrates and Tigris region / Ulrich Beyerlin
• Procedural system of transboundary water cooperation in the Aral Sea basin / Dinara Ziganshina
• The Jordan River : legal and institutional aspects / Marwan Haddad
• The Amazon River Basin : features, history and legal framework / Lilian del Castillo-Laborde
• International cooperation to protect the Rhine River : lessons to be learned for the Euphrates and Tigris region? / Katrin Tiroch
• Sovereignty revisited : examining the rules of international law that govern transboundary water resources with a focus on upstream-downstream state practice, possible lessons learned for the Euphrates-Tigris / Patricia Wouters.

Water Law and Cooperation in the Euphrates-Tigris Region: A Comparative and Interdisciplinary Approach builds on the increased attention for international water governance questions in the UN International Year of Water Cooperation (2013) to evaluate various management issues related to the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, with particular attention to the legal governing framework. Alongside contributions by legal scholars from the respective riparian countries on the national water law, the book offers a unique interdisciplinary perspective on political, hydrological and environmental aspects of water management in the region. Additionally, the overall legal implications of water sharing and water resource management are addressed analyzed, in a critical overview. Finally, Water Law in the Euphrates-Tigris Region: A Comparative and Interdisciplinary Approach serves as a comprehensive analysis of modern water law in its inclusion of comparative studies of legal and institutional aspects of water management systems in other international river basins. Legal scholars, political scientists, specialists in conflict resolution, economists and policy-makers will find an essential new work in Water Law in the Euphrates-Tigris Region: A Comparative and Interdisciplinary Approach.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Moslem arbitration law
• Algeria
• Bahrain
• Egypt
• Iraq
• Jordan
• Kuwait
• Lebanon
• Libya
• Morocco
• Oman
• Qatar
• Saudi Arabia
• Sudan
• Syria
• Tunisia
• UAE
• Yemen
• Amman Arab Convention on Commercial Arbitration (1987)
• the Riyadh Arab Convention on Judicial Co-operation.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Introducing and explaining the concepts of arbitration in Moslem law, this volume provides detailed commentary on the law and practice of arbitration throughout the Arab world, and also sets out the law as it is seen in each relevant Arab state. Practitioners are thus able to look up the arbitration systems and practice of Arab countries, whilst understanding the deeper influences of Moslem law on this subject. In addition the book covers several pan-Arabic conventions on Arab or international arbitration.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Islamic law and arbitration
• Arbitration in Algeria
• Arbitration in Egypt
• Arbitration in Iraq
• Arbitration in the Hashemite kingdom of Jordan
• Arbitration in Kuwait
• Arbitration in Lebanon
• Arbitration in Libya
• Arbitration in Morocco
• Arbitration in Oman
• Arbitration in Qatar
• Arbitration in Saudi Arabia
• Arbitration in Sudan
• Arbitration in Syria
• Arbitration in Tunisia
• Arbitration in the United Arab Emirates
• Arbitration in Yemen
• The Amman Arab Convention on Commercial Arbitration (1987)
• The Riyadh Arab Convention on Judicial Cooperation.

• Theoretical framework
• Definition of citizenship
• The methodology
• Citizenship in the Jordanian legislation and in women's practice
• Citizenship in the Bahraini legislation and in women's practice in a comparative perspective
• Appendix A: Pilot research in Jordan
• Appendix B: Jordan field research
• Appendix C: Bahrain Field Research Report 9-19/ 4/ 2010
• Appendix D: Interviews questions.

• Introduction
• Part I. The Uprising: 1. Tunisia
• 2. Egypt
• 3. Yemen
• 4. Libya
• 5. Jordan, Morocco, Sudan, Algeria
• Part II. Revolution: 6. Purpose
• 7. The Individual
• 8. Government
• 9. Process Design
• 10. External Assistance.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

After the 2011 uprisings started in Tunisia and swept across the Arab region, more than a dozen countries amended their constitutions, the greatest concentration of constitutional reform processes since the end of the Cold War. This book provides a detailed account and analysis of all of these developments. Individual accounts are provided of eight different reform processes (including Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Yemen and Sudan), with particular focus on the historical context, the political dynamics, the particular process that each country followed and the substantive outcome. Zaid Al-Ali deconstructs the popular demands that were made in 2011 and translates them into a series of specific actions that would have led to freer societies and a better functioning state. A revolution did not take place in 2011, but it is inevitably part of the region's future and Arab Constitutionalism explores what that revolution could look like.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• Part I. The Uprising: 1. Tunisia
• 2. Egypt
• 3. Yemen
• 4. Libya
• 5. Jordan, Morocco, Sudan, Algeria
• Part II. Revolution: 6. Purpose
• 7. The Individual
• 8. Government
• 9. Process Design
• 10. External Assistance.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

After the 2011 uprisings started in Tunisia and swept across the Arab region, more than a dozen countries amended their constitutions, the greatest concentration of constitutional reform processes since the end of the Cold War. This book provides a detailed account and analysis of all of these developments. Individual accounts are provided of eight different reform processes (including Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Yemen and Sudan), with particular focus on the historical context, the political dynamics, the particular process that each country followed and the substantive outcome. Zaid Al-Ali deconstructs the popular demands that were made in 2011 and translates them into a series of specific actions that would have led to freer societies and a better functioning state. A revolution did not take place in 2011, but it is inevitably part of the region's future and Arab Constitutionalism explores what that revolution could look like.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

This study presents an account of the exercise of extraterritorial jurisdiction by Britain in the Arab Gulf States during the period before they gained full sovereignty and independence. This work provides a valuable analysis of the working of the British Court System in the Arab context. The material is based on the author's original research among the juridical records of the British Court for Bahrain and on interviews with judges and lawyers of the period. This publication is priced as a specialised academic monograph and is a relevant acquisition for law libraries and Middle East history collections.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction to the question of Palestinian refugees and the second edition
• A historical overview of the Palestinian refugee question
• Palestinian refugees : a distinctive normative and institutional regime
• On the application of international law to Palestinian refugees
• Seventy years of exile : Palestinian refugees around the world
• The status of Palestinian refugees in the Middle East and North Africa : unpacking an unsettling solidarity
• Palestinian 'diaspora' in Europe, the Americas, Asia-Pacific, and Africa
• Focusing on specific rights
• Protection of Palestinian refugees
• The quest for durable solutions

The Palestinian refugee question, resulting from the events surrounding the birth of the state of Israel seventy years ago, remains one of the largest and most protracted refugee crises of the post-WWII era. Numbering over six million in the Middle East alone, Palestinian refugees' status varies considerably according to the state or territory 'hosting' them, the UN agency assisting them and political circumstances surrounding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict these refugees are naturally associated with. Despite being foundational to both the experience of the Palestinian refugees and the resolution of their plight, international law is often side-lined in political discussions concerning their fate. This compelling new book, building on the seminal contribution of the first edition (1998), offers a clear and comprehensive analysis of various areas of international law (including refugee law, human rights law, humanitarian law, the law relating to stateless persons, principles related to internally displaced persons, as well as notions of international criminal law), and probes their relevance to the provision of international protection for Palestinian refugees and their quest for durable solutions.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)