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Starting with the first substantial body of primary sources, the epics of Homer and Hesiod in the 7th century, and ending with the fall of Egypt to the Romans in 30BC, this volume describes and analyzes the development of mediation, arbitration and other ways of resolving disputes, other than litigation. New translations of more than three hundred primary sources allow you to decide for yourself whether the conclusions are valid. For the Greeks, mediation was the natural first step, the chosen third party taking the role of adjudicator only when efforts to produce a settlement had failed - and then swearing an oath and consciously adopting a different character. In some times and places, for example in Ptolemaic Egypt, the regular response of the authorities was to submit a claim to an administrative officer with the instructions: "Best to mediate; if not.." In Athens, too, in the 4th century BC, almost all civil claims went not to the courts but to public arbitrators, men who had just been relieved from military service in their 60th year. Inscriptions record their names and awards. Papyrus finds show private arbitration of construction disputes in 3rd century Egypt, with original documents startlingly like those in contemporary disputes.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction / Adriaan Lanni and Robert W. Wallace
• Administering justice in ancient Athens : framework and core principles / Robert W. Wallace
• Revenge and punishment / Eva Cantarella
• Hyperides's against Athenogenes and the Athenian law on agreements / Michael Gagarin
• Slaves operating businesses : legal ramifications for ancient Athens--and for modern scholarship / Edward E. Cohen
• Toward a new shape of the relationship between public and private law in Ancient Greece / Alberto Maffi
• "Heiliges recht" and "heilige gesetze" : law, religion, and magic in ancient Greece / Martin Dreher
• Summary fines in Greek inscriptions and the question of "Greek law" / Lene Rubinstein
• Soft law in ancient Greece? / Julie Velissaropoulos-Karakostas
• From anthropology to sociology : new directions in ancient Greek law research / Adriaan Lanni
• Oral law in ancient Greece? / Mogens Herman Hansen
• The future of classical oratory / Gerhard Thür.

The ancient Greeks invented written law. Yet, in contrast to later societies in which law became a professional discipline, the Greeks treated laws as components of social and political history, reflecting the daily realities of managing society. To understand Greek law, then, requires looking into extant legal, forensic, and historical texts for evidence of the law in action. From such study has arisen the field of ancient Greek law as a scholarly discipline within classical studies, a field that has come into its own since the 1970s. This edited volume charts new directions for the study of Greek law in the twenty-first century through contributions from eleven leading scholars. The essays in the book's first section reassess some of the central debates in the field by looking at questions about the role of law in society, the notion of "contracts, " feuding and revenge in the court system, and legal protections for slaves engaged in commerce. The second section breaks new ground by redefining substantive areas of law such as administrative law and sacred law, as well as by examining sources such as Hellenistic inscriptions that have been comparatively neglected in recent scholarship. The third section evaluates the potential of methodological approaches to the study of Greek law, including comparative studies with other cultures and with modern legal theory. The volume ends with an essay that explores pedagogy and the relevance of teaching Greek law in the twenty-first century.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Acknowledgments Introduction (Adriaan Lanni and Robert W. Wallace)
• 1. Administering Justice in Ancient Athens: Framework and Core Principles (Robert W. Wallace)
• 2. Revenge and Punishment (Eva Cantarella)
• 3. Hyperides's Against Athenogenes and the Athenian Law on Agreements (Michael Gagarin)
• 4. Slaves Operating Businesses: Legal Ramifications for Ancient Athens-and for Modern Scholarship (Edward E. Cohen)
• 5. Toward a New Shape of the Relationship between Public and Private Law in Ancient Greece (Alberto Maffi)
• 6. "Heiliges Recht" and "Heilige Gesetze": Law, Religion, and Magic in Ancient Greece (Martin Dreher)
• 7. Summary Fines in Greek Inscriptions and the Question of "Greek Law" (Lene Rubinstein)
• 8. Soft Law in Ancient Greece? (Julie Velissaropoulos-Karakostas)
• 9. From Anthropology to Sociology: New Directions in Ancient Greek Law Research (Adriaan Lanni)
• 10. Oral Law in Ancient Greece? (Mogens Herman Hansen)
• 11. The Future of Classical Oratory (Gerhard Thur) Contributors Index Locorum Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The ancient Greeks invented written law. Yet, in contrast to later societies in which law became a professional discipline, the Greeks treated laws as components of social and political history, reflecting the daily realities of managing society. To understand Greek law, then, requires looking into extant legal, forensic, and historical texts for evidence of the law in action. From such study has arisen the field of ancient Greek law as a scholarly discipline within classical studies, a field that has come into its own since the 1970s. This edited volume charts new directions for the study of Greek law in the twenty-first century through contributions from eleven leading scholars. The essays in the book's first section reassess some of the central debates in the field by looking at questions about the role of law in society, the notion of "contracts, " feuding and revenge in the court system, and legal protections for slaves engaged in commerce. The second section breaks new ground by redefining substantive areas of law such as administrative law and sacred law, as well as by examining sources such as Hellenistic inscriptions that have been comparatively neglected in recent scholarship. The third section evaluates the potential of methodological approaches to the study of Greek law, including comparative studies with other cultures and with modern legal theory. The volume ends with an essay that explores pedagogy and the relevance of teaching Greek law in the twenty-first century.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1. Oikos, Inheritance, Marriage - Divorce, Sexual Offences, Personal Status
• Chapter 2. Agora, Trade, Finances, Leases, Coinage, Animals 62
• Chapter 3. Polis, Penal Regulations, Constitution (Politeia), Procedure, Cleanliness, Property and Debts, Establishing Colonies, Polis-Institutions, Building, Naval Affairs, Inter-polis Relations.
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In this comprehensive and accessible sourcebook, Ilias Arnaoutoglou presents a collection of ancient Greek laws, which are situated in their legal and historical contexts and are elucidated with relevant selections from Greek literature and epigraphical testimonies. A wide area of legislative activity in major and minor Greek city-states, ranging from Delphoi and Athens in mainland Greece, to Gortyn in Crete, Olbia in South Russia and Aegean cities including Ephesos, Samos and Thasos, is covered. Ilias Arnaoutoglou divides legislation into three main areas: * the household - marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption, sexual offences and personal status * the market-place - trade, finance, sale, coinage and leases * the state - constitution, legislative process, public duties, colonies, building activities, naval forces, penal regulations, religion, politics and inter-state affairs. Dr Arnaoutoglou explores the significance of legislation in ancient Greece, the differences and similarities between ancient Greek legislation and legislators and their modern counterparts and also provides fresh translations of the legal documents themselves.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Collective sanctions on classical Athens
• An economic perspective on marriage alliances in Ancient Greece
• Assumption of risk in Athenian law
• Rivers, rights, and "Romanization"
• Justice in Aelian's Miscellaneous History
• Agency, Roman law, and Roman social values
• Cui bono? The true beneficiaries of Roman private law
• Libertas and "Mixed Marriages" in late antiquity: law, labor, and politics in Justinianic reform legislation.

The essays composing Ancient Law, Ancient Society examine the law in classical antiquity both as a product of the society in which it developed and as one of the most important forces shaping that society. Contributors to this volume consider the law via innovative methodological approaches and theoretical perspectives-in particular, those drawn from the new institutional economics and the intersection of law and economics. Essays cover topics such as using collective sanctions to enforce legal norms; the Greek elite's marriage strategies for amassing financial resources essential for a public career; defenses against murder charges under Athenian criminal law, particularly in cases where the victim put his own life in peril; the interplay between Roman law and provincial institutions in regulating water rights; the Severan-age Greek author Aelian's notions of justice and their influence on late-classical Roman jurisprudence; Roman jurists' approach to the contract of mandate in balancing the changing needs of society against respect for upper-class concepts of duty and reciprocity; whether the Roman legal authorities developed the law exclusively to serve the Roman elite's interests or to meet the needs of the Roman Empire's broader population as well; and an analysis of the Senatus Consultum Claudianum in the Code of Justinian demonstrating how the late Roman government adapted classical law to address marriage between free women and men classified as coloni bound to their land. In addition to volume editors Dennis Kehoe and Thomas A. J. McGinn, contributors include Adriaan Lanni, Michael Leese, David Phillips, Cynthia Bannon, Lauren Caldwell, Charles Pazdernik, and Clifford Ando.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Collective sanctions on classical Athens / Adriaan Lanni
• An economic perspective on marriage alliances in Ancient Greece / Michael Leese
• Assumption of risk in Athenian law / David P. Phillips
• Rivers, rights, and "romanization" / Cynthia J. Bannon
• Justice in Aelian's Miscellaneous history / Lauren Caldwell
• Agency, Roman law, and Roman social values / Dennis P. Kehoe
• Cui bono? : the true beneficiaries of Roman private law / Thomas A.J. McGinn
• Libertas and "mixed marriages" in late antiquity : law, labor, and politics in Justinianic reform legislation
• Afterword / Clifford Ando.

The essays composing Ancient Law, Ancient Society examine the law in classical antiquity both as a product of the society in which it developed and as one of the most important forces shaping that society. Contributors to this volume consider the law via innovative methodological approaches and theoretical perspectives-in particular, those drawn from the new institutional economics and the intersection of law and economics. Essays cover topics such as using collective sanctions to enforce legal norms; the Greek elite's marriage strategies for amassing financial resources essential for a public career; defenses against murder charges under Athenian criminal law, particularly in cases where the victim put his own life in peril; the interplay between Roman law and provincial institutions in regulating water rights; the Severan-age Greek author Aelian's notions of justice and their influence on late-classical Roman jurisprudence; Roman jurists' approach to the contract of mandate in balancing the changing needs of society against respect for upper-class concepts of duty and reciprocity; whether the Roman legal authorities developed the law exclusively to serve the Roman elite's interests or to meet the needs of the Roman Empire's broader population as well; and an analysis of the Senatus Consultum Claudianum in the Code of Justinian demonstrating how the late Roman government adapted classical law to address marriage between free women and men classified as coloni bound to their land. In addition to volume editors Dennis Kehoe and Thomas A. J. McGinn, contributors include Adriaan Lanni, Michael Leese, David Phillips, Cynthia Bannon, Lauren Caldwell, Charles Pazdernik, and Clifford Ando.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Ancient procedural law
• Freedom, equality, and legal status
• Crime and punishment
• International justice
• Law, justice and equity
• Legal status
• Responsibility and punishment
• War and amnesty
• Law, justice, and equity
• Legal status and social class
• Responsibility and punishment
• War and treaties
• Justice, equity, and conflict of laws
• Differential status
• Responsibility
• Universal law at the end of ancient times.

This is a study of what constituted legality and the role of law in ancient societies. Investigating and comparing legal codes and legal thinking of the ancient societies of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, India, the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and of the ancient Rabbis, this volume examines how people used law to create stable societies. Starting with Hammurabi's Code, this volume also analyzes the law of the pharaohs and the codes of the ancient rabbis and of the Roman Emperor Justinian. Focusing on the key concepts of justice equity and humaneness, the status of women and slaves, and the idea of criminality and of war and peace; no other book attempts to examine such diverse legal systems and legal thinking from the ancient world.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part I. Mesopotamia and Egypt: Section 1. Ancient Procedural Law: 1. Ancient legal reasoning
• 2. Judging, trials, and assemblies
• 3. Oaths, ordeals, and truth
• Section 2. Freedom, Equality, and Legal Status: 4. Debt forgiveness and equity
• 5. Freedom and slavery
• 6. Class, legal status, and equality
• 7. Women's separate sphere
• Section 3. Crime and Punishment: 8. Complicity and conspiracy
• 9. Crime and Lex Talionis
• 10. Capital punishment
• Section 4. International Justice: 11. Ancient treaties and trust
• 12. Aggressive war and necessity
• Part II. Greece and China: Section 5. Law, Justice and Equity: 13. Custom and law in Ancient Greece and China
• 14. Justice and equity
• 15. Trial, juries, and democratic assemblies
• Section 6. Legal Status: 16. Citizens and aliens
• 17. Women
• 18. Slavery and democracy
• Section 7. Responsibility and Punishment: 19. Causation and responsibility
• 20. Homicide and pollution
• 21. Justification, excuse, and mitigation
• 22. Hubris and impiety
• Section 8. War and Amnesty: 23. Amnesty, sanctuary, and exile
• 24. Justified war and the law of nations
• Part III. India and the Roman Republic: Section 9. Law, Justice and Equity: 25. Law and its sources in Ancient Roman and Indian law
• 26. Legal procedures and trials
• 27. Equity and justice
• Section 10. Legal Status and Social Class: 28. Legal status of women
• 29. Social class and slavery
• Section 11. Responsibility and Punishment: 30. Political and moral crimes
• 31. Punishment, cruelty, and humaneness
• 32. Crimes concerning legal and political abuse
• Section 12. War and Treaties: 33. Treaties, hostages, and keeping faith
• 34. The rules of war and the law of peoples
• Part IV. Rabbinic Law and the Roman Empire: Section 13. Justice, Equity, and Conflict of Laws: 35. Law, morality, and religion
• 36. Dual legal regimes
• 37. The law and ancient legal scholars
• Section 14. Differential Status: 38. Women in Jewish and Roman thought
• 39. Slaves in Jewish and Roman legal thought
• Section 15. Responsibility: 40. Intention and causation in criminal law
• 41. Injury and murder
• 42. Public punishment, penal prisons, and police
• Section 16. Universal Law at the End of Ancient Times: 43. Universal law and human rights
• 44. The origins of the just war doctrine
• 45. Final thoughts on equity, justice, and humaneness.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This is a study of what constituted legality and the role of law in ancient societies. Investigating and comparing legal codes and legal thinking of the ancient societies of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, India, the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and of the ancient Rabbis, this volume examines how people used law to create stable societies. Starting with Hammurabi's Code, this volume also analyzes the law of the pharaohs and the codes of the ancient rabbis and of the Roman Emperor Justinian. Focusing on the key concepts of justice equity and humaneness, the status of women and slaves, and the idea of criminality and of war and peace; no other book attempts to examine such diverse legal systems and legal thinking from the ancient world.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction: The Egyptological Approach to the the Study of Aramaic Legal Formulae
• The Elephantine Community and Aramaic Law
• 3. The 'Withdrawal' and Related Formulae in the Aramaic Legal Tradition
• 4. The use of WAy in the Egyptian Legal Tradition
• 5. A Comparison of the Aramaic and Egyptian Uses of Withdrawal Clauses
• 6. Reconsidering the origins of Aramaic and Demotic Legal Formulae.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This is a study of the interrelationships between the formulary traditions of the legal documents of the Jewish colony of Elephantine and the legal formulary traditions of their Egyptian counterparts. The legal documents of Elephantine have been approached in three different ways thus far: first, comparing them to the later Aramaic legal tradition; second, as part of a self-contained system, and more recently from the point of view of the Assyriological legal tradition. However, there is still a fourth possible approach, which has long been neglected by scholars in this field, and that is to study the Elephantine legal documents from an Egyptological perspective. In seeking the Egyptian parallels and antecedents to the Aramaic formulary, Botta hopes to balance the current scholarly perspective, based mostly upon Aramaic and Assyriological comparative studies.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• List of Tables
• Abbreviations
• Introduction: The Egyptological Approach to the Study of Aramaic Legal Formulae
• The Elephantine Community and Aramaic Law
• The Egyptian Fomularly Tradition
• Challenging the Consensus: The ???? Clause
• The 'Withdrawal' and Related Formulae in the Aramaic Legal Tradition
• The Use of ____ in the Egyptian Legal Tradition
• A Comparison of the Aramaic and Egyptian Uses of Withdrawal Clauses
• Reconsidering the origins of Aramaic and Demotic Legal Formulae
• Works Cited.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This is a study of the interrelationships between the formulary traditions of the legal documents of the Jewish colony of Elephantine and the legal formulary traditions of their Egyptian counterparts. The legal documents of Elephantine have been approached in three different ways thus far: first, comparing them to the later Aramaic legal tradition; second, as part of a self-contained system, and more recently from the point of view of the Assyriological legal tradition. However, there is still a fourth possible approach, which has long been neglected by scholars in this field, and that is to study the Elephantine legal documents from an Egyptological perspective. In seeking the Egyptian parallels and antecedents to the Aramaic formulary, Botta hopes to balance the current scholarly perspective, based mostly upon Aramaic and Assyriological comparative studies.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. The legacy of Harpocration
• v. 2,A. Text : Papyri aus den Sammlungen des Instituto Papirologico "G. Vitelli" (Universita di Firenze), der Duke University, Durham N.C., und der Universität zu Köln / bearbeitet von Klaus Maresch und Isabella Andorlini
• v. 2,B. Photographien : Papyri aus den Sammlungen des Instituto Papirologico "G. Vitelli" (Universita di Firenze), der Duke University, Durham N.C., und der Universität zu Köln / bearbeitet von Klaus Maresch und Isabella Andorlini.