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• General introduction
• Translator's introduction
• The Borgarthing law
• Notes on the text
• The Eidsivathing law
• Notes on the text
• Sources, literature, and abbreviations

The Borgarthing Law and the Eidsivathing Law is dedicated to two closely linked medieval laws which were intended to cover adjacent legal provinces in eastern Norway, around and beyond the modern capital, Oslo. The core of this book consists of new translations of the two laws, based on the recent editions and translations into modern Norwegian by Eyvind Fjeld Halvorsen and Magnus Rindal. Individual rules cover subjects such as Church rites, prohibitions, property, and payments, and shed light on medieval ideas relating to matters as diverse as disability, sexual relations, witchcraft, and forbidden foods. The volume contains a general introduction by Torgeir Landro and Bertil Nilsson, in addition to a translator's introduction by Lisa Collinson, summarizing in English some of the information on manuscripts and relevant linguistic studies outlined by Halvorsen and Rindal. The translated texts in English are also supplemented by footnotes, supplying key readings from the original, in some cases with significant variants from relevant manuscripts. With a commentary on the individual chapters after each translation, drawing on recent scholarship on medieval law, Church history, and other relevant historical fields, this book is an ideal resource for students and scholars of medieval Norwegian legal history.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part 1: Translator's introduction
• Norway in the thirteenth century
• Population, livelihood, geography
• Social structure
• Economic structure
• The Church
• Political structure
• The Gulathing
• The assembly
• The Gulathing Law
• The nature and content of the law
• Origins and composition
• The manuscripts
• Editions
• Translations
• Part 2: The Older Gulathing Law according to DonVar 137 4to
• I The Book on Christian Law (Chapters 1-33)
• The Gulathing Law in a Theological and Church History Perspective. A commentary essay by Torstein Jorgensen
• II The Book on Contracts (Chapters 34-50)
• III The Marriage of Women (Chapters 51-56)
• IV Freedman's Law (Chapters 57-71)
• V The Book on Tenancy (Chapters 72-102)
• VI The Book on Inheritance (Chapters 103-130)
• VII Summons to an Assembly (Chapters 131-147)
• VIII Amendments (Chapter 148)
• IX Rules for Whaling (Chapters 149-150)
• X Concerning Personal Rights (Chapters 151-252)
• XI The Book on Theft (Chapters 253-264)
• XII The Redemption of Odal-land (Chapters 265-294)
• XIII The Book on the Naval Levy (Chapters 295-315)
• XIV A Later System of Wergild (Chapters 316-319)
• XV Peace Pledge (Chapter 320).
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The Gulathing Law regulates relations between the social classes, the king and his officers, the clergy, and the peasantry. Parts of the law appear to be a social contract between two parties: on the one hand the people, on the other hand the church and the king. This new edition, in modern English, contains many references to research that has been carried out since the appearance of previous editions in 1935 and 1981. In the Gulathing Law, differing interests are being balanced, and procedures described for solving conflicts. Personal rights are defined, and scales of fines and compensation are set up, graded according to the gravity of the insult, offence, and the social status of the persons involved. Large parts of the law text mirror the internal conditions in the farming community of Western Norway in the High Middle Ages; economic transactions, disputes, damage to life and property, and theft. Accompanied by a translator's introduction and a commentary essay which place the Gulathing Law in a theological and church history perspective, this volume will be useful for both students and specialists of medieval Norwegian legal history and medieval Scandinavian law.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• A master plan
• The structure and organization of decision-making
• "... Like ordering soldiers toward a shower of bullets"
• The court's gatekeepers
• "A weakness of the system"
• Who are the law clerks?
• The development and impact of law clerks
• A Nordic comparative perspective
• Conclusion: Clerks count, justices decide

Norway's Supreme Court is one of the most powerful Supreme Courts in Europe. This position is in large parts due to the role and expansion of the law clerks on the Court. Beginning in 1957 with a single clerk, the number of law clerks has increased dramatically. Today, the clerks outnumber the justices, and their tasks have expanded considerably. In 1957 the task was to prepare civil appeals. Today, clerks assist in most stages of the Court's decisional process, including the writing of the final decision. The expansion and institutionalisation of the clerk unit have enabled the justices to commence on policymaking and on developing the law. The law clerks have been key in the development of a more proactive and powerful Norwegian Supreme Court. This book is the first comprehensive study of law clerks in a European Supreme Court. It will be valuable to lawyers, historians and political scientists who care about the expanding role of courts and the impact of courts on politics, society, and the legal system.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• General introduction
• Status of religious communities
• Relations between the state and Islam
• State funding for Islamic religious communities
• Muslims in integration law
• Mosques and prayer houses
• Burials and cemeteries
• Education and schools
• Further and higher (tertiary) education
• Islamic chaplaincy in public institutions
• Employment and social law
• Islamic slaughter and food regulation
• Islamic goods and services
• Islamic dress
• Criminal law
• Family law.

This volume of Annotated Legal Documents on Islam in Europe covers Norway and consists of an annotated collection of legal documents affecting the status of Islam and Muslims. The legal texts are published in the original Norwegian language while the annotations and supporting material are in English. By legal documents are meant the texts of legislation, including relevant secondary legislation, as well as significant court decisions. Each legal text is preceded by an introduction describing the historical, political and legal circumstances of its adoption, plus a short paragraph summarising its content. The focus of the collection is on the religious dimensions of being Muslim in Europe, i.e. on individuals' access to practise their religious obligations and on the ability to organise and manifest their religious life.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• Legal foundations and doctrinal specifics
• Foundations reviewed : the formative 1800s
• The emerging regulatory state and a constitutional watershed (early 1900s)
• Post-World War II : social democratic constitutionalism?
• Debates of ECHR review (1950-2000)
• Dual review expressed (2000-2010)
• A triple constitutional review revival : 2010
• 2014-2015 : rights reform and judicial review constitutionalization
• Looking back : and forward.

Outside the United States, Norway's 1814 constitution is the oldest still in force. Constitutional judicial review has been a part of Norwegian court decision-making for most of these 200 years. Since the 1990s, Norway has also exercised review under the European Convention of Human Rights. Judicial review of legislation can be controversial: having unelected judges overruling popularly elected majorities seems undemocratic. Yet Norway remains one of the most democratic countries in the world. How does Norway manage the balance between democracy and judicial oversight? Author Anine Kierulf tells the story of Norwegian constitutionalism from 1814 until today through the lens of judicial review debates and cases. This study adds important insights into the social and political justifications for an active judicial review component in a constitutional democracy. Anine Kierulf argues that the Norwegian model of judicial review provides a useful perspective on the dichotomy of American and European constitutionalism.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction
• 1.1. Background and context
• 1.2. Norway in a nutshell
• 1.3. Review under the constitution - and the ECHR
• 1.4. Book structure and terminology
• 2. Legal foundations and doctrinal specifics
• 2.1. Introduction
• 2.2. The Norwegian Supreme Court
• 2.3. The form of and basis for constitutional review
• 2.4. The basis for ECHR review
• 3. Foundations reviewed: the formative 1800s
• 3.1. Outline of a nation constituted
• 3.2. Courts, lawyers and background for judicial review
• 3.3. On not losing sight of (some) individuals
• 3.4. Review discussions prior to the 1866 case
• 3.5. The 1866 case
• 3.6. Arguments following 1866
• 3.7. Liberal constitutionalism defined
• 4. The emerging regulatory state and a constitutional watershed (early 1900s)
• 4.1. Constitutional questions arising - and discussed
• 4.2. The waterfall case
• 4.3. Legal opinions of 1912 and 1916
• 4.4. Legal opinions following the 1918 case
• 4.5. Parliamentary debates on review abolishment
• 4.6. Constitutional case adjourned
• 5. Post WWII: social democratic constitutionalism?: 5.1. Introduction: review revival
• 5.2. Occupation and post-war adjudication
• 5.3. Regulatory reconstruction
• 5.4. Law, politics and history
• 5.5. Conquer and divide - preparing the expropriation statute
• 5.6. The Klofta case
• 5.7. Klofta case follow up
• 5.8. Judicial review confirmed
• 6. Debates of ECHR review (1950-2000)
• 6.1. Introduction
• 6.2. 'Original intent'
• 6.3. On ECHR review prior to the HRA - the doctrine of clarity
• 6.4. Preparations for the human rights act of 1999
• 6.5. The power and democracy project
• 6.6. Post-national constitutionalism?
• 7. Dual review expressed (2000-2010)
• 7.1. Basis and case selection
• 7.2. Speech vs. personality rights: reputation
• 7.3. Speech vs. policy: political advertising
• 7.4. Free speech review: a synthesis of ideals?
• 8. A triple constitutional review revival: 2010
• 8.1. Prelude
• 8.2. 2010 Cases
• 8.3. 2010 Cases Debate and Follow up
• 8.4. Constitutional review reflections
• 9. 2014-2015: rights reform - and judicial review constitutionalization
• 9.1. The 2014 Constitutional Reform
• 9.2. Judicial review constitutionalization
• 9.3. Constitutional revitalization
• 9.4. Dual review constitutionalized
• 10. Looking back - and forward: 10.1. Legitimacy ideals disentangled
• 10.2. Political review challenges
• 10.3. Judicial review challenges
• 10.4. A bicentennial debate.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Outside the United States, Norway's 1814 constitution is the oldest still in force. Constitutional judicial review has been a part of Norwegian court decision-making for most of these 200 years. Since the 1990s, Norway has also exercised review under the European Convention of Human Rights. Judicial review of legislation can be controversial: having unelected judges overruling popularly elected majorities seems undemocratic. Yet Norway remains one of the most democratic countries in the world. How does Norway manage the balance between democracy and judicial oversight? Author Anine Kierulf tells the story of Norwegian constitutionalism from 1814 until today through the lens of judicial review debates and cases. This study adds important insights into the social and political justifications for an active judicial review component in a constitutional democracy. Anine Kierulf argues that the Norwegian model of judicial review provides a useful perspective on the dichotomy of American and European constitutionalism.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Noen utgangspunkter
• Inndeling og oppbygning av rettsreglene
• Oversikt over de ulike rettskildene
• Kilder som bygger på lovgivningskomptanse
• Internasjonale trakters rettskildestatus
• Kilder som bigger på privatautonomien : avtalekompetansen
• Kilder som bygger på organisasjons- eller instruksjonsmydighet
• Kilder som bygger på kompetanse som sisteinstandomstol : prejudikatlæren
• Reelle hensyn
• Sedvaner (etablert praksis)
• Sekundære rettskilder
• Hva som kan utledes av de enkelte rettskildene : slutningprosessen
• Vekten av de enkelte rettskildene
• Den konkrete rettsanvendelsen : subsumjonen
• Domstolenes rettsskapende virkomhet innenfor prosessretten
• Årsaker til uenighet omrettspørsmål.

• Introduction / Christhard Hoffmann
• The politics of Jewish emancipation in Europe at the beginning of the nineteenth century / Reinhard Rürup
• The ban on jews in the Norwegian Constitution / Håkon Harket
• Constitutional discourse and anti-Judaism : Friedrich Buchholz and Christian Magnus False / Iwan Michelangelo D'Aprile, Håkon Harket
• The "Jewish feud" in Denmark 1813 / Therkel Stræde
• Societal change, economic decline and national identity : the debate about Jews in Sweden in the early nineteenth century / Henrik Edgren
• The practise of exclusion : how Article 2 in the Norwegian Constitution was administered and enforced between 1814 and 1851 / Frode Ulvund
• The 1942 Reinstatement of the Ban on Jews in the Norwegian Constitution / Bjarte Bruland.

• Introduction: Politics and the Norwegian Supreme Court
• Institutional structure and process
• The decisional processes of the Norwegian Supreme Court
• Policy making by appointment : the composition of the Norwegian Supreme Court 1975-2009
• Public economic interests vs. private economic rights
• The presence and effect of women on the court : family and criminal law
• Government friendliness of Supreme Court justices
• "The super legislators" : Supreme Court justices as the guardians of the constitution
• Conclusion: Reflections on the attitudinal model.

How do the justices of a nation's highest court arrive at their decisions? In the context of the US Supreme Court, the answer to this question is well established: Justices seek to enshrine their policy preferences in their decisions, but they do so in a manner consistent with 'the law' and in recognition that they are members of an institution with defined expectations and constraints. In other words, a justice's behaviour is a function of motives, means, and opportunities. Using Norway as a case study, this book shows that these forces are not peculiar to the decisional behaviour of American justices. Employing a modified attitudinal model, Grendstad, Shaffer and Waltenburg establish that the preferences of Norway's justices are related to their decisions. Consequently, this book shows how an understanding of judicial behaviour developed and most fully tested in the American judicial system is transportable to the courts of other countries.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface / Giuseppe Franco Ferrari
• Values and ideas in the Norwegian Constitution 1814-2014 : a reflection / Dag Michalsen
• The role of constitutional customary law / Magne Frostad
• Norway in comparative constitutionalism / Luca Mezzetti
• The constitutional organs and their balance / Rolando Tarchi
• From qualified unicameralism to genuine unicameralism / Paolo Passaglia
• Individual rights in Norway / Giuseppe Franco Ferrari
• Courts and the legislator : tensions and influences in Norway and in a comparative perspective / Francesco Palermo and Matteo Nicolini
• Religion in Norwegian legal order / Tor Aamodt Wigum
• The constitutional reform on state-church relationships / Francesco Duranti
• The protection of Saami (land) rights in Finnmark : a comparative assessment / Mauro Mazza
• Norwegian administration in comparative perspective / Claudia Sartoretti.

This book covers the updated papers presented at a seminar in Tromso, Norway in June 2014, which was organized by the Italian Public Comparative and European Law Association (DPCE) in celebration of the 200th anniversary of the Norwegian Constitution. The seminar brought together Italian and Norwegian scholars to discuss different parts and profiles of the Norwegian Constitution. The papers of the Tromso seminar represent a good mix of a domestic approach and external statements. The method of dialectic confrontation between Norwegian and Italian scholars, founded on comparative law, proved to be a successful one. The meeting of national schools and the exchange of ideas and commentaries between scholars of different countries is a great stimulus for the enhancement of scientific progress. This work is of interest to scholars in the field of comparative constitutional law.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: The Norwegian Constitution as a text / Karen Gammelgaard and Eirik Hølmyvik
• The thing that invented Norway / William B. Warner, Eirik Hølmyvik, and Mona Ringvej
• The changing meaning of "constitution" in Norwegian constitutional history / Eirik Holmøyvik
• The many textual identities of constitutions / Dag Michalsen
• The Norwegian constitution and the rhetoric of political poetry / Ulrich Schmid
• Constitution as a transnational genre : Norway 1814 and the Habsburg Empire 1848-1849 / Karen Gammelgaard
• Discursive patterns in the Italian and Norwegian constitutions / Jacqueline Visconti
• Timing the constitutional moment : time and language in the Norwegian constitution / Helge Jordheim
• The Norwegian constitution and its multiple codes : expressions of historical and political change / Inger-Johanne Sand
• Norwegian parliamentary discourse 2004-2012 on the Norwegian constitution's language form / Yordanka Madzharova Bruteig
• Article 100 and the evolution of a public opinion text culture in Denmark-Norway 1770-1799 / Kjell Lars Berge
• To speak what the hour demands : framing the future of public speech at Eidsvold in 1814 / Mona Ringvej
• Scholarly texts' influence on the 2004 revision of the Norwegian Constitution's Article 100 / Ragnvald Kalleberg
• Appendix A. Constitution for Kongeriget Norge
• Appendix B. The Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway : translated pursuant to the order of government.

The Norwegian Constitution is the oldest functioning constitution in Europe. Its bicentenary in 2014 has inspired the analyses in this volume, where contributors focus on the Constitution as a text to explore new ways of analyzing democratic development. This volume examines the framing of the Norwegian Constitution, its transformations, and its interpretations during the last two centuries. The textual focus enables new understandings of the framers' negotiations and decisions on a democratic micro level and opens new international and historical contexts to understanding the Norwegian Constitution. By synthesizing knowledge from different realms - law, social sciences, and the humanities - Writing Democracy provides a model for examining the distinct textual qualities of constitutional documents.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• List of Figures Acknowledgments Note on interdisciplinarity and stylistic conventions Introduction: The Norwegian Constitution as a text Karen Gammelgaard and Eirik Holmoyvik PART I: EMBARKING ON THE MATTER
• Chapter 1. The Thing that Invented Norway William B. Warner, Eirik Holmoyvik, and Mona Ringvej
• Chapter 2. The changing meaning of "constitution" in Norwegian constitutional history Eirik Holmoyvik
• Chapter 3. The many textual identities of constitutions Dag Michalsen PART II: TRANSNATIONAL CONVERSATIONS
• Chapter 4. The Norwegian Constitution and the Rhetoric of Political Poetry Ulrich Schmid
• Chapter 5. Constitution as a Transnational Genre: Norway 1814 and the Habsburg Empire 1848 - 1849 Karen Gammelgaard
• Chapter 6. Discursive patterns in the Italian and Norwegian Constitutions Jacqueline Visconti PART III: HISTORICAL TRANSFORMATIONS
• Chapter 7. Timing the Constitutional Moment: Time and Language in the Norwegian Constitution Helge Jordheim
• Chapter 8. The Norwegian Constitution and its multiple codes: Expressions of historical and political change Inger-Johanne Sand
• Chapter 9. Norwegian parliamentary discourse 2004 - 2012 on the Norwegian Constitution's language form Yordanka Madzharova Bruteig PART IV: FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION
• Chapter 10. The evolution of a public opinion text culture in Denmark-Norway 1770 - 1799 Kjell Lars Berge
• Chapter 11. To speak what the hour demands: Framing the future of public speech at Eidsvold in 1814 Mona Ringvej
• Chapter 12. Scholarly texts' influence on the 2004 revision of the Norwegian Constitution's Article 100 Ragnvald Kalleberg Appendixes Appendix I: Constitution for Kongeriget Norge Appendix II: The Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway Bibliography Contributors.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The Norwegian Constitution is the oldest functioning constitution in Europe. Its bicentenary in 2014 has inspired the analyses in this volume, where contributors focus on the Constitution as a text to explore new ways of analyzing democratic development. This volume examines the framing of the Norwegian Constitution, its transformations, and its interpretations during the last two centuries. The textual focus enables new understandings of the framers' negotiations and decisions on a democratic micro level and opens new international and historical contexts to understanding the Norwegian Constitution. By synthesizing knowledge from different realms - law, social sciences, and the humanities - Writing Democracy provides a model for examining the distinct textual qualities of constitutional documents.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• En Grunnlov verdt å feire / Olemic Thommessen
• Mine norsk-amerikanske erfaringer : Norges historiske rolle i Amerika / Walter Mondale
• Velkommen til Philadelphia / Jeffrey Rosen
• Frihet, likhet og brorskap / Kåre R. Aas
• Kunstens frihet og grenser / Øyvind Storm Bjerke
• I skyggen av stormaktene : Norge og napoleonskrigene / Terje Leiren
• Amerikansk inspirasjon i den norske grunnlova : Frihetstreet i Nord-Amerikas jord / Ola Mestad
• James Madison og Norges Grunnlov : en manns avgjørende betydning for begge lands konstitusjoner / Kaare Strøm
• Idéer på reise : Demokratiske grunnlover 1776-1814 / Jan Erik Grindheim
• Religionsfriheten som forsvant : Grannlovens religionspolitikk : kontinuitet med eneveldet / Dag Thorkildsen
• Den lojale lillebror : Norges forhold til USA / Eirik Bergesen
• Den norske sjelen i 2014 : Norge og moderniteten / Nina Witoszek-Fitzpatrick
• Med hjerte for Gamlelandet : betydningen av Eidsvollsjubileet 1914 for det norske Amerika / Sverre Mørkhagen
• Det norske nasjonale fellesskapet : er 17. mai en spore til inkludering? / Olaf Ågedal og Pål Ketil Botvar
• Norges glemte frihetsflagg : hvordan skape symboler for en ny stat og nasjon? / Ole Kristian Grimnes
• Kan man ta Grunnloven på ordet? : 200 år med brytninger mellom politikk og lovtekst / Morten Ruud
• EU og det norske paradoks : Grunnlovsjubileum med bismak / Erik Oddvar Eriksen
• Kva er eit land? : om nasjonalfølelse / Herborg Kråkevik.

• A Constitution worth celebrating / Olemic Thommessen
• My Norwegian-American experience : Norway's historical role in America / Walter Mondale
• Welcome to Philadelphia / Jeffrey Rosen
• Liberty, equality and fraternity / Kåre Aas
• Freedom and boundaries in art / Øyvind Storm Bjerke
• In the shadow of the great powers : Norway and the Napoleanic Wars / Terje Leiren
• American inspiration in the Norwegian Constitution : the tree of freedom on North American soil / Ola Mestad
• James Madison and the Norwegian Constituion : one man's contributions to the Constitutions of two countries / Kaare Strøm
• Migrating ideas : democratic constitutions 1776-1814 / Jan Erik Grindheim
• The freedom of religion that disappeared : the politics of religion in the Constituion / Dag Thorkildsen
• The loyal younger brother : Norway's relationship with the USA / Eirik Bergesen
• The Norwegian soil in 2014 : the civilized modernity / Nina Witoszek-Fitzpatrick
• With a heart for the old country : the signficance of the bicentennial of Eidsvoll for Norwegian America / Sverre Mørkhagen
• The Norwegian national community : is the 17th of May a source of inclusion? / Olaf Ågedal og Pål Ketil Botvar
• Norway's forgotten freedom flag : how to create the symbols of a new state and nation? / Ole Kristian Grimnes
• Should the Constitution be interpreted literally? : 200 years of dilemmas in the drafting of laws and in politics / Morten Ruud
• The EU and the Norwegian paradox : bicentennial of the Constitution with an aftertaste / Erik Oddvar Eriksen
• What is a country? : patriotism explained / Herborg Kråkevik.

In 2014, Norway celebrates the bicentenary of the Norwegian Constitution. The Constitution has been the backbone of a society that has created political stability, economic development and personal freedom for generations of Norwegians. The Norwegian Constitution was inspired by the democratic forces of its time, but most especially by the American Constitution. Today, they represent the world's two oldest, living constitutions. The book explains how the Norwegian Constitution was created, how it has functioned, and the democratic challenges it faces. The book also examines how the American Constiution has influenced the Norwegian Constiution. The book is directed toward a wide range of readers, especially students in all levels. Prominent Norwegian writers and scholars have explored these themes in this unique presentation of the Norwegian and American Constitution. President of the Norwegian Parliament, Olemic Thommessen, and American Vice President i USA, Walter Mondale, have written the preface. The book is a de lux book of art. A number of Norwegian contemporary artists are inspired by the constitution. They have been especially concerned about subjects related to the role of the individual in society, democracy, freedom of speech and preservation of natural resources. They also have focused on what it means to have a national identity. The artistic presentations cover a wide register and the illustrations are carried out in different technics. Exhibitions will be arranged in both Norway and the US where the pieces of art in the book will be presented.

The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 90 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.  These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention.  The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. "Fishing expeditions" are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework.  Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports. For more information on the work of the Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes, and for copies of the published review reports, please visit www.oecd.org/tax/transparency.

• The Supreme Court 1814-1996, a historical review / Peter Lødrup
• The peregrinations of a supreme court / Sophie Solheim
• The Supreme Court House / Stephan Tschudi-Madsen
• The Supreme Court in society / Casten Smith
• The Supreme Court in the 21st century / Tore Schei.

• Witchcraft trials 1620-1627
• Witchcraft trials 1627-1633
• Witchcraft trials 1634
• Witchcraft trials 1651-1654
• Witchcraft trial 1654
• Witchcraft trials 1654-1663
• Trial 1666
• Witchcraft trials 1671-1672
• Witchcraft trial 1678
• Witchcraft trial 1679
• Witchcraft trial 1685
• Witchcraft trial 1688
• Witchcraft trials 1689-1690
• Witchcraft trial 1692.

• Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction Part A Criminilisation of Sexual Acts
• 1. New Laws, Old Principles
• 2. Individual Criminal Responsibility
• 3. The Final Criminalisation of Sexual Acts Part B Punishment
• 4. Capital Punishment
• 5. Fines and Confiscation of Property
• 6. From Penance to chruch Discipline
• 7. The Reward of Sin Part c Gener Quality?
• 8. Who Was Punished, and For What
• 9. Losing One's Inheritance
• 10. Sexual Crimes as a Function of Marriage
• 11. Gender Differences Conclusion The Long High Middle Ages Appendix Sources and Bibliography Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Based on legislation and legal practice from the period c. 1250-1600 the book takes issue with the most important viewpoints in earlier research by early modernists: that the Reformation represented a watershed in a development characterized by greater criminalisation of sexual acts, increase in the severity of sentences and deterioration of the position of women. According to this study, in principle all or mostly all factors were already in place in the Middle Ages. In Norwegian historiography the period investigated is characterized by paucity of sources, and the period has tended to fall between two stools, respectively the medievalist and the early modernist. The ambition of this book has been to bridge the gap.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)