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• 1. Introduction
• 2. Objectives
• 3. Theoretical background
• 4. Methodology
• 5. Survey findings
• 6. Individual and society
• 7. Law, crime and the justice system
• 8. Criticism of the system and world views
• 9. Changing views on the law and civil society between 2010 and 2018
• 10. Correlations and conclusions
• 11. Appendix.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Changing Legal and Civic Culture in an Illiberal Democracy is a unique empirical study on recent developments in legal and civic consciousness in Hungary. Drawing its methodology from social psychology, this book illuminates a shift in legal consciousness during the time in which Orban's government has cemented Hungary's reputation as an illiberal democracy. The book foregrounds the voices of the Hungarian population in how they view the shift towards increasingly right-wing politics and an erosion of the rule of law. It opens with an extensive theoretical introduction of the historical development and psychological dimensions of legal consciousness in Hungary and relates the Hungarian research to international developments. It then presents its empirical results and offers a jargon-free account of ordinary people's changing perceptions of their relationship to Hungary's civic and legal cultures, before finally examining the correlations between surveys. Methodologically, the book establishes that theories of legal consciousness and social change are bolstered by empirical data. Offering a new way of approaching shifts in legal consciousness and the rule of law in Balkan and Eastern European countries, this text will be of great interest to researchers and students of social psychology, law, international relations and Central European studies.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Zur Aushöhlung des Rechtsstaates : Ungarn, Deutschland und Brüssel auf dem Prüfstand
• Die höhere Moral der Zivilgesellschaften
• Demokratie und gesellschaftliche Teilsysteme : Ordnung aus einem Guss oder freie Menüwahl? : Eine Annäherung in zehn Punkten
• Wirtschaftliche Verflechtung und Mobilität
• Fakten versus Narrative : Hürden der Problemerkennung und Problemlösung
• Die "gute Reform" : Pragmatismus auf rechtstaatlicher Grundlage : Fünf Thesen

• Introduction / Philip Barker and Thomas Lorman
• Law and the ancient constitution in medieval and early modern Hungary / Martyn Rady
• The birth of the constitution in eighteenth-century Hungarian political thought / István M. Szijártó
• Resurrecting the past, reshaping the future : the rise of the 'ancient constitution' at the Diet of 1790/1 / Philip Barker
• Reforming or replacing the historical constitution : Lajos Kossuth and the April laws of 1848 / Ferenc Hörcher
• Reform fever and disillusionment : constitutional codification fiascos of the Hungarian liberals after the Settlement of 1867 / András Cieger
• The use and abuse of flexibility : Hungary's historical constitution, 1867-1919 / Thomas Lorman
• Law I of 1920 and the historical constitution / István Szabó
• Law I of 1946 and Law XX of 1949 : continuity or discontinuity in traditional Hungarian constitutionalism? / Balázs Fekete
• Is a revival possible? : theoretical reflections on the historical constitution / Kálmán Pócza
• Epilogue: On the future(s) of the historical constitution / Ferenc Hörcher and Kálmán Pócza

The new Hungarian Basic Law, which was ratified on 1 January 2012, provoked domestic and international controversy. Of particular concern was the constitutional text's explicit claim that it was situated within a reinvigorated Hungarian legal tradition that had allegedly developed over centuries before its violent interruption during World War II, by German invaders, and later, by Soviet occupation. To explore the context and validity of this claim, and the legal traditions which have informed the stormy centuries of Hungary's constitutional development, this book brings together a group of leading historians, political scientists and legal scholars to produce a comprehensive history of Hungarian constitutional thought. Ranging in scope from an overview of Hungarian medieval jurisprudence to an assessment of the various criticisms levelled at the new Hungarian Basis Law of 2012, contributors assess the constitutions, their impacts and their legacies, as well as the social and cultural contexts within which they were drafted. The historical analysis is accompanied by a selection of original source materials, many translated here for the first time. This is the only book in English on the subject and is essential reading for all those interested in Hungary's history, political culture and constitution.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• List of Illustrations List of Contributors 1. Introduction, Philip Barker and Thomas Lorman 2. Law and the Ancient Constitution in Medieval and Early Modern Hungary, Martyn Rady 3. The Birth of the Constitution in Eighteenth-Century Hungarian Political Thought, Istvan M. Szijarto 4. Resurrecting the Past, Reshaping the Future: The Rise of the 'Ancient Constitution' at the Diet of 1790/1, Philip Barker 5. Reforming or Replacing the Historical Constitution: Lajos Kossuth and the April Laws of 1848, Ferenc Hoercher 6. Reform Fever and Disillusionment: Constitutional Codification Fiascos of the Hungarian Liberals after the Settlement of 1867, Andras Cieger 7. The Use and Abuse of Flexibility: Hungary's Historical Constitution, 1867-1919, Thomas Lorman 8. Law I of 1920 and the Historical Constitution, Istvan Szabo 9. Law I of 1946 and Law XX of 1949: Continuity or Discontinuity in Traditional Hungarian Constitutionalism? Balazs Fekete 10. Is a Revival Possible?: Theoretical Reflections on the Historical Constitution, Kalman Pocza 11. Epilogue: On the Future(s) of the Historical Constitution, Ferenc Hoercher and Kalman Pocza
• Appendix I: Primary Sources on Hungarian Constitutional History: The Golden Bull of 1222
• Appendix II: The Rakos Declaration (1505)
• Appendix III: Extracts from Stephen Werboczy's Tripartitum (1517)
• Appendix IV: The Laws of 1687
• Appendix V: The Laws of 1790/1
• Appendix VI: Robert Townson's Translation of Law XXVI of 1790/1
• Appendix VII: The 'April Laws' of 1848
• Appendix VIII: Law XII of 1867
• Appendix IX: The Declaration of the First Hungarian Republic (November 1918)
• Appendix X: The Preamble to the Constitution of the Hungarian Socialist Federal Republic of Councils (1919)
• Appendix XI: The Preamble to Law I of 1920
• Appendix XII: The Preamble to Law I of 1946: On the form of Government of Hungary
• Appendix XIII: The Constitution of the Hungarian People's Republic (1949): Constitution of the Hungarian People's Republic
• Appendix XIV: The Fundamental Law of Hungary: God bless the Hungarians Bibliography Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The new Hungarian Basic Law, which was ratified on 1 January 2012, provoked domestic and international controversy. Of particular concern was the constitutional text's explicit claim that it was situated within a reinvigorated Hungarian legal tradition that had allegedly developed over centuries before its violent interruption during World War II, by German invaders, and later, by Soviet occupation. To explore the context and validity of this claim, and the legal traditions which have informed the stormy centuries of Hungary's constitutional development, this book brings together a group of leading historians, political scientists and legal scholars to produce a comprehensive history of Hungarian constitutional thought. Ranging in scope from an overview of Hungarian medieval jurisprudence to an assessment of the various criticisms levelled at the new Hungarian Basis Law of 2012, contributors assess the constitutions, their impacts and their legacies, as well as the social and cultural contexts within which they were drafted. The historical analysis is accompanied by a selection of original source materials, many translated here for the first time. This is the only book in English on the subject and is essential reading for all those interested in Hungary's history, political culture and constitution.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• Constitutional law / Tamás Sulyok, Gergely Deli & Márton Sulyok
• Administrative law / Mariana Nagy
• Fiscal and financial law / István Simon
• Civil Code of 2013 / Lajos Vékás
• Persons / Zoltán Csehi
• Legal persons / Zoltán Csehi
• Companies / András Kisfalundi
• Property law / Lajos Vékás
• Contracts / Attila Menyhárd
• Extra-contractual liability (torts) and damages / Ádám Fuglinszky
• Succession / Lajos Vékás
• Family law / Orsolya Szeibert
• Labour law / György Kiss
• Intellectual property law / Gábor Faludi
• Private international law / László Keckés
• Civil litigation and arbitration / István Varga
• Criminal law / Krisztina Karsai & Zsolt Szornora
• Criminal procedure / Árpád Erdei

• Introduction
• Democratic u-turn, the chronology of building an illiberal democracy
• Causes and explanations
• Illiberalism as constitutional identity
• Intimate citizenship and value preferences in the new constitution
• Illiberal multiculturalism : deceptive premises, misguided policies
• Communitarians, dignity and privacy : personhood and transparency in the System of National Cooperation
• Closing remarks.

This book shows the rise and morphology of a self-identified `illiberal democracy', the first 21st century illiberal political regime arising in the European Union. Since 2010, Viktor Orban's governments in Hungary have convincingly offered an anti-modernist and anti-cosmopolitan/anti-European Unionist rhetoric, discourse and constitutional identity to challenge neo-liberal democracy. The Hungarian case provides unique observation points for students of transitology, especially those who are interested in states which are to abandon pathways of liberal democracy. The author demonstrates how illiberalism is present both in `how' and `what' is being done: the style, format and procedure of legislation; as well as the substance: the dismantling of institutional rule of law guarantees and the weakening of checks and balances. The book also discusses the ideological commitments and constitutionally framed and cemented value preferences, and a reconstituted and re-conceptualized relationship between the state and its citizens, which is not evidently supported by Hungarians' value system and life-style choices.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Legal persons in the new civil code of Hungary / Zoltán Csehi
• Default rules on companies in the new Hungarian civil code / András Kisfaludi
• The new Romanian civil code : difficulties in the transition towards a monist private law / Emőd Veress
• The persistence of some characteristics of commercial law in the monist Romanian civil law / Zsolt Fegyveresi
• Property law in the new Hungarian civil code : key issues / Attila Menyhárd
• Property law in the new Romanian civil code / Szilárd Sztranyiczki
• Intellectual property in the new civil code of Hungary / Gábor Faludi
• The new civil code of Romania and its impact on intellectual property / Ligia Cătuna
• Some structural questions on the relationship between contractual and extracontractual liability in the new Hungarian civil code / Ádám Fuglinszky
• New particular agreements in the new Hungarian civil code / Balázs Tőkey
• Unforeseeable changes in circumstances in contracts in the new Romanian civil code / Johanna Szekrényes
• Perceptions of simulated contracts in the Hungarian and Romanian legal systems / Krisztina Constantinescu
• Marriage and cohabitation in the new Hungarian civil code : answering the new challenges / Orsolya Szeibert
• The law of succession in the new Hungarian civil code / Hella Molnár
• Law of succession in the new Romanian civil code / János Székely.

This edited volume examines two recent Central European recodifications of civil law. The contributors present and discuss the regulation and the fundamental changes related to the new Civil Codes in each country. They also highlight the novelties and some of the issues of great debate of the new regulation. The papers investigate specific parts of the two Civil Codes. Coverage reviews default rules of legal persons and companies, key issues of the new regulations of property law, and the topic of intellectual property. The contributors also consider the law of obligation, unforeseeable changes in circumstances in contracts, family law and law of succession, and more. Hungary and Romania connect to each other by their special historical and cultural background, which serves as a solid basis of great cooperation. This volume shows how the two countries view civil law. It offers readers straightforward and practice-oriented knowledge on the subject.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• [1] Magyarország Alaptörvénye
• [2] 2011. évi CCII. törvény Magyarország címerének és zászlajának használatáról, valamint állami kitüntetéseiről.

• 1. The Legal Landscape
• 2. Customary Law and the Tripartitum
• 3. Customary Law, Legislation, and Letters
• 4. Customary Law and Medieval Courts
• 5. King and Nobility
• 6. The Nobleman and His Land
• 7. Crime and Prosecution
• 8. Medieval Procedure and Judicial Decision Making
• 9. Early Modern Legal Institutions
• 10. Codification after the Tripartitum
• 11. Courts and the Law in the Long Eighteenth Century
• 12. Custom and Law in the Modern Period
• Conclusion: Customary Law in Hungary.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This is the first comprehensive treatment in any language of the history of customary law in Hungary, from the thirteenth to the twentieth centuries. Hungary's customary law was described by Stephen Werboczy in 1517 in the extensive law code known as the Tripartitum. As Werboczy explained, Hungarian law derived from the interplay of Romano-canonical law, statute, written instruments, and court judgments. It was also responsive, however, to popular conceptions of the law's content and application, as communicated through the lay membership of the kingdom's courts. Publication of the Tripartitum was intended to make the law more certain by fixing it in writing. Nevertheless, its text was customized by actual use, in the same way as the statute laws of the kingdom were adjusted as a consequence of court practice and of errors in their transmission. The reputation attaching to the Tripartitum and Hungary's insulation from the Roman Law Reception meant that the Tripartitum continued to retain authority until well into the nineteenth century. Attempts to replace it foundered and it was the principal text on which the courts and the schools relied, not only in Habsburg Hungary but also in Transylvania. Courts, nevertheless, continued to modify its provisions in the interests of rendering judgments that they deemed either to be right or in conformity with developing practices. Even after the establishment of a parliamentary form of government in the nineteenth century, a strong customary element attached to Hungarian law, which was amplified by the association of customary law with national traditions. The consequence was that Hungary maintained aspects of a customary law regime until the Communist period.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The science of public administration, and the study of administrative law in Hungary
• Some features of the foreign language literature of Hungarian public administration in the past quarter century
• The constitutional basis of Hungarian public administration
• Administrative justice in Hungary
• Public administration and the prosecution service
• The ombudsman
• The relationship between civil organisations and public administration in Hungary
• Central administration
• Territorial public administration
• Local self-governments
• Minority self-governments in Hungary
• Public finances in Hungary
• Tasks and powers of the Hungarian public administration resulting from EU membership
• Public services
• Act on administrative proceedings
• Administrative sanctions : sanctioning power of public administration
• E-government, infocommunication
• The civil service system in Hungary.

• LEGAL BACKGROUND TO THE PEOPLE'S TRIBUNALS AND THEIR OPERATION IN HUNGARY The System of People's Tribunals and the Actors in the Process The Crimes and the Range of Punishments Controversies Surrounding the Law on People's Tribunals RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Method of Approach Preparation Phase Pilot research Expert roundtable Training of the Encoders The Final Questionnaire Research Phase Sampling procedure From filling in the questionnaires to the data files Preparing the data files for analysis Several Notes on the Methodology and the Findings ANALYSIS OF THE PEOPLE'S TRIBUNAL CASES Types of Cases Distribution of the types of cases over time Characteristics of the Case Files Analysis of the Various Actors in the People's Tribunals Summary of the Demographics of Defendants and Witnesses in the Various Types of Cases Lawyers Characteristics of the People's Tribunal Cases The length of trials and the number of hearings The role of witnesses at the people's tribunals Judgments Effect of the composition of witnesses on judgments A GENDERED ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL JUSTICE IN HUNGARY IN THE AFTERMATH OF WWII Women in Political Justice: Stereotypes and Reality about Women Perpetrators Witnesses Court Judgments Women People's Judges Summary: Gender in political justice JEWISH IDENTITY AND THE PEOPLE'S TRIBUNALS Characteristics of the People's Tribunal Cases Defendants and Their Characteristics Witnesses and Their Characteristics Court Judgments Jewish Identity and the Practice of Political Justice SUMMARY BIBLIOGRAPHY.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

In Hungary, which fell under Soviet influence at the end of WWII, those who had participated in the wartime atrocities were tried by so called people's courts. This book analyses this process in an objective, quantitative way, contributing to the present timely discussion on the Hungarian war guilt. The authors apply a special focus on the gender aspect of the trials.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• LEGAL BACKGROUND TO THE PEOPLE'S TRIBUNALS AND THEIR OPERATION IN HUNGARY The System of People's Tribunals and the Actors in the Process The Crimes and the Range of Punishments Controversies Surrounding the Law on People's Tribunals RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Method of Approach Preparation Phase Pilot research Expert roundtable Training of the Encoders The Final Questionnaire Research Phase Sampling procedure From filling in the questionnaires to the data files Preparing the data files for analysis Several Notes on the Methodology and the Findings ANALYSIS OF THE PEOPLE'S TRIBUNAL CASES Types of Cases Distribution of the types of cases over time Characteristics of the Case Files Analysis of the Various Actors in the People's Tribunals Summary of the Demographics of Defendants and Witnesses in the Various Types of Cases Lawyers Characteristics of the People's Tribunal Cases The length of trials and the number of hearings The role of witnesses at the people's tribunals Judgments Effect of the composition of witnesses on judgments A GENDERED ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL JUSTICE IN HUNGARY IN THE AFTERMATH OF WWII Women in Political Justice: Stereotypes and Reality about Women Perpetrators Witnesses Court Judgments Women People's Judges Summary: Gender in political justice JEWISH IDENTITY AND THE PEOPLE'S TRIBUNALS Characteristics of the People's Tribunal Cases Defendants and Their Characteristics Witnesses and Their Characteristics Court Judgments Jewish Identity and the Practice of Political Justice SUMMARY BIBLIOGRAPHY.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

In Hungary, which fell under Soviet influence at the end of WWII, those who had participated in the wartime atrocities were tried by so called people's courts. This book analyses this process in an objective, quantitative way, contributing to the present timely discussion on the Hungarian war guilt. The authors apply a special focus on the gender aspect of the trials.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Die Versuche zur Reform des ungarischen Justizwesens nach der Systemwende : Gerichtsebenen und zentrale Verwaltung / Attila Badó
• Die Wirkung der Grundrechte und Grundfreiheiten zwischen Privaten / Detlev W. Belling, Antje Herold, Marek Kneis
• Comparative perspectives on plea bargaining in Germany and the U.S.A. / Samantha Joy Cheesman
• Hungarian legislation on climate protection / Erika Farkas Csamangó
• The history of the Hungarian social security system / Alex Ember
• Hungarian rules of the liability for game damage / Péter István Hegyes
• Was ist mit Vale nach dem Urteil des EuGH geschehen? Die Operation war gelungen, der Patient ist aber gestorben... / Csongor István Nagy
• Regeln des Besitzschutzes im ungarischen Privatrecht des 19. Jahrhunderts / Mária Homoki-Nagy
• The future of Hungarian legal training and profession within the European Union / Zsolt Nagy
• Rechtspersönlichkeit : Übertragung der Haftung und Durchgriffshaftung in Ungarn / Tekla Papp
• Das Verhältnis zwischen Unionsbürgerschaft und Staatsangehörigkeit der Mitgliedstaaten / Imola Schiffner
• The practice of leading cases in the Hungarian High Court (Curia), with special attention to the Civil Procedure Act of 1911 / Norbert Varga.