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• The constitution of the colony
• The Constitution of 1776
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• The Constitution of 1864
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• The Constitution of 1902
• The constitutional revision of 1928
• The Constitution of 1971
• The age of constitutional amendments

"This is the only, modern comprehensive constitutional history of any state. From the very beginning in 1606, when James I chartered the Virginia Company to establish a commercial outpost on the Atlantic coast of North America, through the first two decades of the twenty-first century, the fundamental constitutions of the colony and state have evolved and changed as the demographic, economic, political, and cultural characteristics of Virginia have changed. Elements of the colonial constitution influenced the character of the state's first constitution in 1776, and changing relationships between the people and their government, as well as relationships between the state and federal governments have influenced how the state's constitution has evolved and what that means to the people who have lived and still live in Virginia"-- Provided by publisher

• Beginnings and the Acts of 1623/24
• Sir John Harvey and the Revisal of 1632
• Sir William Berkeley and the Revisal of 1643
• A New Constitutional Order : the Revisals of 1652 and 1658
• Safeguarding Virginia's Autonomy : Sir William Berkeley, Francis Moryson, Henry Randolph, and the Revisal of 1662
• The Long Road to the Revisal of 1705
• Sir William Gooch's Gift : the Revisal of 1748
• Endings

Between 1632 and 1748, Virginia's General Assembly revised the colony's statutes seven times. These revisals provide an invaluable opportunity to gauge how governors, councilors, and burgesses created a hybrid body of colonial statute law that would become the longest strand in the American legal fabric. In Statute Law in Colonial Virginia, Warren Billings presents a series of snapshots that depict the seven revisions of the corpus juris the General Assembly undertook. In so doing, he highlights the good, the corrupt, and the loathsome applications of broad legislative authority throughout the colonial era. Each revision was built on prior written law and embodies the members' legal knowledge and statutory craftsmanship, revealing their use of an unbridled discretion to further the interests they represented. Statutes undergirded Virginia's evolving legal culture, and by examining these revisals and their links, Billings casts light on the hybrid nature of Virginia statute law and its relation to English laws.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Beginnings and the Acts of 1623/24
• Sir John Harvey and the Revisal of 1632 -- Sir William Berkeley and the Revisal of 1643
• A new constitutional order : the Revisals of 1652 and 1658
• Safeguarding Virginia's autonomy : Sir William Berkeley, Francis Moryson, Henry Randolph, and the Revisal of 1662
• The long road to the Revisal of 1705
• Sir William Gooch's gift : the Revisal of 1748
• Endings.

"[This book] is an examination of the seven times Virginia's General Assembly revised the colony's statutes between 1632 and 1748. These revisals are a way to gauge how governors, councilors, and burgesses created a hybrid body of colonial statute law that would become the longest strand in the American legal fabric. His study provides insight into the colonial legislative process, the Assembly's statutory craftsmanship, and the ways in which assemblymen continually used their unbridled discretion to cement the position of elite colonists. There are also biographical sketches of colonial Virginia's leading politicians to provide context for the legislative processes"-- Provided by publisher.

• Beginnings and the Acts of 1623/24
• Sir John Harvey and the Revisal of 1632
• Sir William Berkeley and the Revisal of 1643
• A New Constitutional Order, The Revisals of 1652 and 1658
• Safeguarding Virginia's Autonomy Sir William Berkeley, Francis Moryson, Henry Randolph, and the Revisal of 1662
• The Long Road to the Revisal of 1705
• Sir William Gooch's Gift, The Revisal of 1748
• Endings.

"Statute Law in Colonial Virginia: Governors, Assemblymen, and the Revisals that Forged the Old Dominion is an examination of the seven times Virginia's General Assembly revised the colony's statutes between 1632 and 1748. These revisals are a way to gauge how governors, councillors, and burgesses created a hybrid body of colonial statute law that would become the longest strand in the American legal fabric. His study provides insight into the colonial legislative process, the Assembly's statutory craftsmanship, and the ways in which assemblymen continually used their unbridled discretion to cement the position of elite colonists. There are also biographical sketches of colonial Virginia's leading politicians to provide context for the legislative processes"-- Provided by publisher.

• English legal literature as a source of law and practice in seventeenth-century Virginia / Warren M. Billings
• Law books in the libraries of colonial Virginians / W. Hamilton Bryson
• The library of the council of colonial Virginia / Brent Tarter
• English statutes in Virginia, 1660-1714 / John Ruston Pagan
• John Mercer : merchant, lawyer, author, book collector / Bennie Brown
• The library reveals the man : George Wythe, legal and classical scholar / Linda K. Tesar
• The law library of a working attorney : the example of Patrick Henry / Kevin J. Hayes
• A Virginia original : George Webb's office and authority of a justice of peace / Warren M. Billings
• A handbook for all : William Waller Hening's the new Virginia justice / R. Neil Hening
• St. George Tucker : judge, legal scholar, and reformer of Virginia law / Charles F. Hobson.

• Introduction
• English legal literature as a source of law and practice in seventeenth-century Virginia / Warren M. Billings
• Law books in the libraries of colonial Virginians / W. Hamilton Bryson
• The library of the council of colonial Virginia / Brent Tarter
• English statutes in Virginia, 1660-1714 / John Ruston Pagan
• John Mercer : merchant, lawyer, author, book collector / Bennie Brown
• The library reveals the man : George Wythe, legal and classical scholar / Linda K. Tesar
• The law library of a working attorney : the example of Patrick Henry / Kevin J. Hayes
• A Virginia original : George Webb's Office and authority of a justice of peace / Warren M. Billings
• A handbook for all : William Waller Hening's The new Virginia justice / R. Neil Hening
• St. George Tucker : judge, legal scholar, and reformer of Virginia law / Charles F. Hobson.

Virginia men of law constituted one of the first learned professions in colonial America, and Virginia legal culture had an important and lasting impact on American political institutions and jurisprudence. Exploring the book collections of these Virginians therefore offers insight into the history of the book and early American intellectual history. It also addresses essential questions of how English culture migrated to the American colonies and was transformed into a distinctive American culture. Focusing on the law books that colonial Virginians acquired, how they used them, and how they eventually produced a native-grown legal literature, this collection of essays explores important aspects of the law and intellectual culture of the commonwealth that reveal the origins of a distinctively Virginian legal literature. The contributors argue that the development of early Virginia legal history-as revealed through these book collections-not only illuminates important aspects of Virginia's history and culture; it also underlies a thorough understanding of colonial and revolutionary American history and culture.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• English legal literature as a source of law and practice in seventeenth-century Virginia / Warren M. Billings
• Law books in the libraries of colonial Virginians / W. Hamilton Bryson
• The library of the council of colonial Virginia / Brent Tarter
• English statutes in Virginia, 1660-1714 / John Ruston Pagan
• John Mercer : merchant, lawyer, author, book collector / Bennie Brown
• The library reveals the man : George Wythe, legal and classical scholar / Linda K. Tesar
• The law library of a working attorney : the example of Patrick Henry / Kevin J. Hayes
• A Virginia original : George Webb's office and authority of a justice of peace / Warren M. Billings
• A handbook for all : William Waller Hening's the new Virginia justice / R. Neil Hening
• St. George Tucker : judge, legal scholar, and reformer of Virginia law / Charles F. Hobson.

Virginia men of law constituted one of the first learned professions in colonial America, and Virginia legal culture had an important and lasting impact on American political institutions and jurisprudence. Exploring the book collections of these Virginians therefore offers insight into the history of the book and early American intellectual history. It also addresses essential questions of how English culture migrated to the American colonies and was transformed into a distinctive American culture. Focusing on the law books that colonial Virginians acquired, how they used them, and how they eventually produced a native-grown legal literature, this collection of essays explores important aspects of the law and intellectual culture of the commonwealth that reveal the origins of a distinctively Virginian legal literature. The contributors argue that the development of early Virginia legal history-as revealed through these book collections-not only illuminates important aspects of Virginia's history and culture; it also underlies a thorough understanding of colonial and revolutionary American history and culture.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• Freedom bound in a new republic
• Black clients, white attorneys
• The Doswell brothers demand a law
• Family and freedom in the neighborhood
• To Liberia and back
• Family bonds and Civil War
• The barber of Boydton
• Conclusion.

Between 1854 and 1864, more than a hundred free African Americans in Virginia proposed to enslave themselves and, in some cases, their children. Ted Maris-Wolf explains this phenomenon as a response to state legislation that forced free African Americans to make a terrible choice: leave enslaved loved ones behind for freedom elsewhere or seek a way to remain in their communities, even by renouncing legal freedom. Maris-Wolf paints an intimate portrait of these people whose lives, liberty, and use of Virginia law offer new understandings of race and place in the upper South. Maris-Wolf shows how free African Americans quietly challenged prevailing notions of racial restriction and exclusion, weaving themselves into the social and economic fabric of their neighborhoods and claiming, through unconventional or counterintuitive means, certain basic rights of residency and family. Employing records from nearly every Virginia county, he pieces together the remarkable lives of Watkins Love, Jane Payne, and other African Americans who made themselves essential parts of their communities and, in some cases, gave up their legal freedom in order to maintain family and community ties.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• Freedom bound in a new republic
• Black clients, white attorneys
• The Doswell brothers demand a law
• Family and freedom in the neighborhood
• To Liberia and back
• Family bonds and Civil War
• The barber of Boydton
• Conclusion.

Between 1854 and 1864, more than a hundred free African Americans in Virginia proposed to enslave themselves and, in some cases, their children. Ted Maris-Wolf explains this phenomenon as a response to state legislation that forced free African Americans to make a terrible choice: leave enslaved loved ones behind for freedom elsewhere or seek a way to remain in their communities, even by renouncing legal freedom. Maris-Wolf paints an intimate portrait of these people whose lives, liberty, and use of Virginia law offer new understandings of race and place in the upper South. Maris-Wolf shows how free African Americans quietly challenged prevailing notions of racial restriction and exclusion, weaving themselves into the social and economic fabric of their neighborhoods and claiming, through unconventional or counterintuitive means, certain basic rights of residency and family. Employing records from nearly every Virginia county, he pieces together the remarkable lives of Watkins Love, Jane Payne, and other African Americans who made themselves essential parts of their communities and, in some cases, gave up their legal freedom in order to maintain family and community ties.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• Freedom bound in a new republic
• Black clients, white attorneys
• The Doswell brothers demand a law
• Family and freedom in the neighborhood
• To Liberia and back
• Family bonds and Civil War
• The barber of Boydton
• Conclusion.

Between 1854 and 1864, more than a hundred free African Americans in Virginia proposed to enslave themselves and, in some cases, their children. Ted Maris-Wolf explains this phenomenon as a response to state legislation that forced free African Americans to make a terrible choice: leave enslaved loved ones behind for freedom elsewhere or seek a way to remain in their communities, even by renouncing legal freedom. Maris-Wolf paints an intimate portrait of these people whose lives, liberty, and use of Virginia law offer new understandings of race and place in the upper South. Maris-Wolf shows how free African Americans quietly challenged prevailing notions of racial restriction and exclusion, weaving themselves into the social and economic fabric of their neighborhoods and claiming, through unconventional or counterintuitive means, certain basic rights of residency and family. Employing records from nearly every Virginia county, he pieces together the remarkable lives of Watkins Love, Jane Payne, and other African Americans who made themselves essential parts of their communities and, in some cases, gave up their legal freedom in order to maintain family and community ties.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Cover; The Virginia State Constitution; Series Page; Copyright; Contents; Series Foreword; Preface to the Second Edition; PART one The History of the Virginia Constitution; The Convention of 1776; The Convention of 1829-30; The Convention of 1850-51; The Convention of 1861; The Convention of 1864; The Convention of 1867-68; The Convention of 1901-02; The Constitutional Revision of 1928; The Limited Convention of 1945; The Limited Convention of 1956; The Constitutional Revision of 1971; PART two The Virginia Constitution and Commentary; Article I Bill of Rights.

• Section 1 Equality and Rights of Men
• Section 2 People the Source of Power;
• Section 3 Government Instituted for Common Benefit;
• Section 4 No Exclusive Emoluments or Privileges; Offices not to be Hereditary;
• Section 5 Separation of Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Departments; Periodical Elections;
• Section 6 Free Elections; Consent of Governed;
• Section 7 Laws Should not be Suspended;
• Section 8 Criminal Prosecutions; Section 8-A Rights of Victims of Crime;
• Section 9 Prohibition of Excessive Bail and Fines, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Suspension of Habeas Corpus, Bills of Attainde.

• Section 10 General Warrants of Search or Seizure Prohibited
• Section 11 Due Process of Law; Obligation of Contracts; Taking or Damaging of Private Property; Prohibited Discrimination; Jury;
• Section 12 Freedom of Speech and of the Press; Right Peaceably to Assemble, and to Petition;
• Section 13 Militia; Standing Armies; Military Subordinate to Civil Power;
• Section 14 Government Should be Uniform;
• Section 15 Qualities Necessary to Preservation of Free Government; Section 15-A Marriage;
• Section 16 Free Exercise of Religion; No Establishment of Religion.

• Section 17 Construction of the Bill of RightsArticle II Franchise and Officers;
• Section 1 Qualifications of Voters;
• Section 2 Registration of Voters;
• Section 3 Method of Voting;
• Section 4 Powers and Duties of General Assembly;
• Section 5 Qualifications to hold Elective Office;
• Section 6 Apportionment;
• Section 7 Oath or Affirmation;
• Section 8 Electoral Boards; Registrars and Officers of Election;
• Section 9 Privileges of Voters During Election; Article III Division of Powers;
• Section 1 Departments to be Distinct; Article IV Legislature;
• Section 1 Legislative Power;
• Section 2 Senate.

• Section 3 House of Delegates
• Section 4 Qualifications of Senators and Delegates;
• Section 5 Compensation; Election to Civil Office of Profit;
• Section 6 Legislative Sessions;
• Section 7 Organization of General Assembly;
• Section 8 Quorum;
• Section 9 Immunity of Legislators;
• Section 10 Journal of Proceedings;
• Section 11 Enactment of Laws;
• Section 12 Form of Laws;
• Section 13 Effective Date of Laws;
• Section 14 Powers of General Assembly; Limitations;
• Section 15 General Laws;
• Section 16 Appropriations to Religious or Charitable Bodies;
• Section 17 Impeachment;
• Section 18 Auditor of Public Accounts.

The Virginia State Constitution examines constitutional amendments, court decisions, attorney general opinions, and legislative deliberations bearing on the development and interpretation of the Virginia Constitution. The book contains a detailed history of the Virginia Constitution, with particular attention to key moments in the state's constitutional development, from the 1776 Constitution through the current 1971 Constitution. The book also includes a provision-by-provision commentary on the evolution and meaning of each section of the Virginia Constitution. The second edition brings this.

• Establishment : "true churchmen for the most part"
• Toleration : "the free exercise of religion"
• Statute : "establishing religious freedom"
• Property : "to reconcile all the good people"
• Litigation : "nursing fathers to the church"
• Culture : making Virginia "a Christian country"
• Politics : "neither hand nor finger in the pie"
• Education : "Christianity will go in of itself"
• Constitution : "a past that is dead and gone"
• Bible : "to lift humanity".

The significance of the Virginia Statute for Establishing Religious Freedom goes far beyond the borders of the Old Dominion. Its influence ultimately extended to the Supreme Court's interpretation of the separation of church and state. In his latest book, Thomas Buckley tells the story of the statute, beginning with its background in the struggles of the colonial dissenters against an oppressive Church of England. When the Revolution forced the issue of religious liberty, Thomas Jefferson drafted his statute and James Madison guided its passage through the state legislature. Displacing an established church by instituting religious freedom, the Virginia statute provided the most substantial guarantees of religious liberty of any state in the new nation. The statute's implementation, however, proved to be problematic. Faced with a mandate for strict separation of church and state--and in an atmosphere of sweeping evangelical Christianity--Virginians clashed over numerous issues, including the legal ownership of church property, the incorporation of churches and religious groups, Sabbath observance, protection for religious groups, Bible reading in school, and divorce laws. Such debates pitted churches against one another and engaged Virginia's legal system for a century and a half. Fascinating history in itself, the effort to implement Jefferson's statute has even broader significance in its anticipation of the conflict that would occupy the whole country after the Supreme Court nationalised the religion clause of the First Amendment in the 1940s.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Establishment : "true churchmen for the most part"
• Toleration : "the free exercise of religion"
• Statute : "establishing religious freedom"
• Property : "to reconcile all the good people"
• Litigation : "nursing fathers to the church"
• Culture : making Virginia "a Christian country"
• Politics : "neither hand nor finger in the pie"
• Education : "Christianity will go in of itself"
• Constitution : "a past that is dead and gone"
• Bible : "to lift humanity".

The significance of the Virginia Statute for Establishing Religious Freedom goes far beyond the borders of the Old Dominion. Its influence ultimately extended to the Supreme Court's interpretation of the separation of church and state. In his latest book, Thomas Buckley tells the story of the statute, beginning with its background in the struggles of the colonial dissenters against an oppressive Church of England. When the Revolution forced the issue of religious liberty, Thomas Jefferson drafted his statute and James Madison guided its passage through the state legislature. Displacing an established church by instituting religious freedom, the Virginia statute provided the most substantial guarantees of religious liberty of any state in the new nation. The statute's implementation, however, proved to be problematic. Faced with a mandate for strict separation of church and state--and in an atmosphere of sweeping evangelical Christianity--Virginians clashed over numerous issues, including the legal ownership of church property, the incorporation of churches and religious groups, Sabbath observance, protection for religious groups, Bible reading in school, and divorce laws. Such debates pitted churches against one another and engaged Virginia's legal system for a century and a half. Fascinating history in itself, the effort to implement Jefferson's statute has even broader significance in its anticipation of the conflict that would occupy the whole country after the Supreme Court nationalised the religion clause of the First Amendment in the 1940s.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Cover; Contents; Series Foreword; Foreword; Acknowledgments; PART ONE: The History of the Vermont Constitution; Adoption of the Constitution; The Council of Censors; The Ten-Year Time Lock; Summary; PART TWO: The Vermont Constitution and Commentary;
• Chapter 1. A Declaration of the Rights of the Inhabitants of the State of Vermont; Article 1: Declaration of Natural Rights; Prohibition of Slavery; Article 2: Private Property for Public Use; Payment; Article 3: Freedom of Religion; Right and Duty of Religious Worship; Article 4: Legal Remedy Secured to All; Article 5: Internal Police.

• Article
• 6: Officers as Servants of the PeopleArticle
• 7: Government for the People; Article
• 8: Free Elections; Rights of Freemen Therein; Article
• 9: Citizens' Rights and Duties; Bearing Arms; Taxation; Article
• 10: Rights of Persons Accused of Crime; Personal Liberty; Waiver of Jury Trial; Article
• 11: Search and Seizure; Article
• 12: Trial by Jury; Article
• 13: Freedom of Speech and of the Press; Article
• 14: Immunity in Legislative Debate; Article
• 15: Suspension of Laws by Legislature; Article
• 16: Right to Bear Arms; Standing Armies; Military Power Subordinate to Civil.

• Article 17: Martial LawArticle 18: Fundamental Principles and Virtues Necessary to Preserve Liberty; Article 19: Right to Emigrate; Article 20: Right to Assemble, Instruct, and Petition; Article 21: No Transportation for Trial;
• Chapter 2. Plan or Frame of Government; Delegation and Distribution of Powers:;
• Section 1: Governing Power;
• Section 2: Supreme Legislative Power;
• Section 3: Supreme Executive Power;
• Section 4: Judiciary;
• Section 5: Departments to Be Distinct; Legislative Department:;
• Section 6: Legislative Powers;
• Section 7: Biennial Sessions.

• Section 8: Doors of General Assembly to Be Open
• Section 9: Journals; Yeas and Nays;
• Section 10: Style of Laws;
• Section 11: Governor to Approve Bills; Veto Proceedings; Non-action;
• Section 12: Fees for Advocating Bills;
• Section 13: Number of Representatives;
• Section 14: Powers of House;
• Section 15: Residence of Representatives and Senators;
• Section 16: Representatives' Oaths;
• Section 17: Oath of Senators and Representatives;
• Section 18: Number and Qualifications of Senators;
• Section 19: Powers of Senate; Lieutenant-Governor's Duties; Executive Department:;
• Section 20: Governor.

• Executive Power
• Section 21: Secretary of Civil and Military Affairs;
• Section 22: Commissions; State Seal;
• Section 23: Residence of Governor and Lieutenant-Governor;
• Section 24: Vacancy in Office of Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, and Treasurer;
• Section 25: Security Given by Treasurer and Sheriffs;
• Section 26: Treasurer's Accounts;
• Section 27: Drawing Money from Treasury; Judiciary Department:;
• Section 28: Courts of Justice;
• Section 29: Composition of Supreme Court;
• Section 30: Jurisdiction of Supreme Court;
• Section 31: Jurisdiction of Lower Courts;
• Section 32: Filling Judicial Vacancies.

'The Vermont State Constitution' provides an outstanding constitutional and historical account of the state's governing charter. In addition to an overview of Vermont's constitutional history, it provides an in-depth, section-by-section analysis of the entire constitution, detailing the many significant changes that have been made since its initial drafting.

• Series Foreword Acknowledgments PART I: THE CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY OF VIRGINIA PART II: VIRGINIA CONSTITUTION AND COMMENTARY Article I: Bill of Rights Article II: Franchise and Officers Article III: Division of Powers Article IV: Legislature Article V: Executive Article VI: Judiciary Article VII: Local Government Article VIII: Education Article IX: Corporations Article X: Taxation and Finance Article XI: Conservation Article XII: Future Changes Bibliographical Essay Table of Cases Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

In contrast with the U.S. Constitution, which has been amended only 27 times since it was drafted in 1787, the Virginia Constitution has been the subject of many revisions since its adoption by the Convention of 1776. Significant changes have been brought about at the recommendation of revision commissions. On a number of those occasions, Virginia constitution makers have engaged in significant debates about fundamental questions. In fact, few states have had more opportunities to engage in constitutional revision and to debate fundamental principles. In The Virginia State Constitution, John Dinan analyzes the history and development of the Virginia constitution and undertakes a detailed treatment of the evolving interpretation of each section. In it, he contends that few states have had more opportunities than Virginia to engage in constitutional revision, and, in the process, to debate fundamental political questions about the role of state government. Previously published by Greenwood, this title has been brought back in to circulation by Oxford University Press with new verve. Re-printed with standardization of content organization in order to facilitate research across the series. This title, as with all titles in the series, is set to join the dynamic revision cycle of The Oxford Commentaries on the State Constitutions of the United States. The Oxford Commentaries on the State Constitutions of the United States is an important new series that reflects a renewed international interest in constitutional history and provides expert insight into each of the 50 state constitutions. Each volume in this innovative series contains a historical overview of the state's constitutional development, a section-by-section analysis of its current constitution, and a comprehensive guide to further research. Under the expert editorship of Professor G. Alan Tarr, Director of the Center on State Constitutional Studies at Rutgers University, this series provides essential reference tools for understanding state constitutional law. Books in the series can be purchased individually or as part of a complete set, giving readers unmatched access to these important political documents.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• I do
• The passing capital of America
• Making sense of senseless laws
• How it all began
• The prosecutions continue
• Taking away the children and the money
• The West leads the way
• The organizations challenge, and the challenges become organized
• The sad case of Ruby and Ham
• Connie and Dewey share a room
• Richard and Mildred want to go home
• On to the Supreme Court
• The Amicus briefs
• Virginia and North Carolina defend the indefensible
• May it please the court
• The Supreme Court speaks
• Not all states listen
• "A big interracial display of their romance"
• The Feds finally step in
• Happily ever after.

• From family to individual and back again / Margaret F. Brinig
• The legacy of Loving / John DeWitt Gregory, Joanna L. Grossman
• Crossing borders : Loving v. Virginia as a story of migration / Victor C. Romero
• Loving revisionism : on restricting marriage and subverting the constitution / Mark Strasser
• In praise of Loving : reflections on the "Loving analogy" for same-sex marriage / Lynn D. Wardle, Lincoln C. Oliphant
• Loving v. Virginia : and Mrs. Loving, speak to us today / Evan Wolfson.