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• Places and People
• Legislating Eugenics
• Investigating Eugenics
• Eugenics on Trial.

In the early twentieth century, the eugenics movement won many supporters with its promise that social ills such as venereal disease, alcoholism, and so-called feeble-mindedness, along with many other conditions, could be eliminated by selective human breeding and other measures. The provinces of Alberta and British Columbia passed legislation requiring that certain "unfit" individuals undergo reproductive sterilization. Ontario, being home to many leading proponents of eugenics, came close to doing the same. In the Public Good examines three legal processes that were used to advance eugenic ideas in Ontario between 1910 and 1938: legislative bills, provincial royal commissions, and the criminal trial of a young woman accused of distributing birth control information. Taken together, they reveal who in the province supported these ideas, how they were understood in relation to the public good, and how they were debated. Elizabeth Koester shows the ways in which the law was used both to promote and to deflect eugenics, and how the concept of the public good was used by supporters to add power to their cause. With eugenic thinking finding new footholds in the possibilities offered by reproductive technologies, proposals to link welfare entitlement to "voluntary" sterilization, and concerns about immigration, In the Public Good adds depth to our understanding. Its exploration of the historical relationship between eugenics and law in Ontario prepares us to face the implications of "newgenics" today.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• List of Graphs, Tables, and Figures Authorship Acknowledgements Abbreviations
• 1. Mapping the Enforcement Gap: Historical and Contemporary Dynamics
• Part One: Charting the Employment Standards Enforcement Gap in Ontario
• 2. Responsibilization, Reprisal and (Non)Remediation: Interrogating the role of an Individualized Complaints System 3. Administering Complaints: Dilemmas of Accountability 4. Recovering Employees' Wages? 5. The Contradictory Role of Workplace Inspections 6. The Deterrence Gap: Towards an Explanation 7. Strengthening Participatory Approaches to Enforcement
• Part Two: Views from Elsewhere: Contextualizing the Employment Standards Enforcement Gap in Ontario
• 8. Enforcement of Wage Recovery in Britain 9. Out of the Shadows and into the Spotlight: The Sweeping Evolution of Employment Standards Enforcement in Australia 10. Enforcing Employment Standards in Quebec: One Step Forward, Two Steps Backward? 11. Strategic Enforcement to Confront Wage Theft in the US: An Insider Account 12. Improving Protections for People in Precarious Jobs
• Notes Supplementary Information on Quantitative & Qualitative Methods: Ontario Component
• Appendix A: Quantitative Data A.1. Administrative Data A.2. National Surveys
• Appendix B: Qualitative Data B.1. Worker Interviews B.2. MOL Interviews B.3. Community Representative Interviews
• Appendix C: Archival Research
• Bibliography Secondary Sources Primary Sources Government Documents Statistics Archival Sources
• Index Glossary.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The nature of employment is changing: low wage jobs are increasingly common, fewer workers belong to unions, and workplaces are being transformed through the growth of contracting-out, franchising, and extended supply chains. Closing the Enforcement Gap offers a comprehensive analysis of the enforcement of employment standards in Ontario. Adopting mixed methods, this work includes qualitative research involving in-depth interviews with workers, community advocates, and enforcement officials; extensive archival research excavating decades of ministerial records; and analysis of a previously untapped source of administrative data collected by Ontario's Ministry of Labour. The authors reveal and trace the roots of a deepening "enforcement gap" that pervades nearly all aspects of the regime, demonstrating that the province's Employment Standards Act (ESA) fails too many workers who rely on the floor of minimum conditions it was devised to provide. Arguably, there is nothing inevitable about the enforcement gap in Ontario or for that matter elsewhere. Through contributions from leading employment standards enforcement scholars in the US, the UK, and Australia, as well as Quebec, Closing the Enforcement Gap surveys innovative enforcement models that are emerging in a variety of jurisdictions and sets out a bold vision for strengthening employment standards enforcement. Closing the Enforcement Gap Research Group Leah F. Vosko Guliz Akkaymak Rebecca Casey Shelley Condratto John Grundy Alan Hall Alice Hoe Kiran Mirchandani Andrea M. Noack Urvashi Soni-Sinha Mercedes Steedman Mark P. Thomas Eric M. Tucker International/Quebec Contributors Nick Clark Dalia Gesualdi-Fecteau Tess Hardy John Howe Guylaine Vallee David Weil.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1 Introduction 2 Condo Owners and Boards 3 Assembling the Condo: Processes, Agents, and Knowledges 4 Governing Condo Renters 5 Condo Governance, Legal Knowledges, and Surveillance 6 Policing Condo Nuisance 7 Ups and Downs of Urban Governance: High-Rise Condo Elevators 8 Conclusion: Law Reform, Assemblages, and Condo Futures Notes
• References
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book will appeal to students and scholars of urban studies, socio-legal studies, planning, political science, architecture, and sociology.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: Judicial precedent and indigenous rights
• The political and ideological context of the 1880s
• The historical context
• The factual background, cause of action, and evidence
• Chancellor Boyd's trial decision
• The Ontario Court of Appeal decision
• The Supreme Court of Canada judgments
• Lord Watson's Privy Council decision
• The decision's impact and the debate over Indigenous land rights in British Columbia
• The modern case law
• Conclusion: A lesson in judicial precedent

This book is vital reading for everyone involved in Aboriginal law or title, for legal historians and scholars, and for anyone interested in Indigenous rights in Canada.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Overview
• Class actions in England, North America, and Australia
• The early campaign for reform and the OLRC report
• The report of the Attorney General's Advisory Committee on Class Action Reform (1985-1993)
• Comparing the reports of the Ontario Law Reform Commission and the Attorney General's Advisory Committee
• Class actions twenty-five years on.

"The Ontario Class Proceedings Act, 1992 represented a major innovation in civil procedure. Suzanne Chiodo's book ... looks at the origins of representative proceedings in equity, the rise of modern-day class actions around the world (particularly in the United States and Quebec), and at the debates about the Ontario legislation. The book presents an ... analysis of the political and social influences that shaped this momentous legal change. It explains for the first time how the Attorney General's Advisory Committee Report in 1990 pulled together so many divergent interests where previous attempts had failed."-- Provided by publisher.

• Foreword / Graeme Wynn Introduction 1 First Nations Hunting Activity in Upper Canada and the Robinson Treaties, 1783-1850 2 Ontario's Game Laws and First Nations, 1800-1905 3 First Nations, the Game Commission, and Indian Affairs, 1892-1909 4 Traders, Trappers, and Bureaucrats: The Hudson's Bay Company and Wildlife Conservation in Ontario, 1892-1916 5 The Transitional Indian: Duncan Campbell Scott and the Game Act, 1914-20 6 R. v. Padjena: Local Pressure and Treaty Hunting Rights in Ontario, 1925-31 7 R. v. Commanda, 1937-39 Epilogue Appendices
• Notes
• Bibliography
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book will find an audience among scholars, students, and lawyers with an interest in Canadian Indigenous history, Canadian law, Indigenous policy, and environmental history.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction Chapter One: "Such a Program of Legislation": Illegitimacy and Law Reform Chapter Two: "Doubtful of her Veracity": Procedures and Judgment under the Children of Unmarried Parents Act Chapter Three: "I did not bring this child into the world BY MYSELF": Stories of Pregnancy Chapter Four: "Best for Our Babies": The Adoption Mandate Chapter Five: "Haunted by Bills": Lone Motherhood and Poverty Chapter Six: "Known as MRS. S": Cohabitation and the Children of Unmarried Parents Act Conclusions Bibliography.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Lori Chambers' fascinating study explores the legal history of adoption in Ontario since the passage of the first statute in 1921. This volume explores a wide range of themes and issues in the history of adoption including: the reasons for the creation of statutory adoption, the increasing voice of unmarried fathers in newborn adoption, the reasons for movement away from secrecy in adoption, the evolution of step-parent adoption, the adoption of Indigenous children, and the growth of international adoption. Unlike other works on adoption, Chambers focuses explicitly on statutes, statutory debates and the interpretation of statues in court. In doing so, she concludes that adoption is an inadequate response to child welfare and on its own cannot solve problems regarding child neglect and abuse. Rather, Chambers argues that in order to reform the area of adoption we must first acknowledge that it is built upon social inequalities within and between nations.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1 Give Us the Court of Appeal, 1792-1874
• 2 Oliver Mowat's Court, 1874-1912
• 3 The Meredith-Mulock-Rowell Courts, 1913-38: Experiments in Court Reform
• 4 The Robertson-Pickup-Porter Courts, 1938-67
• 5 Renewal: The Gale-Estey-Howland Courts, 1967-90
• 6 The Dubin-McMurtry Courts, 1990-2007
• 7 Into the Twenty-First Century: The Winkler Court, 2007-13.

In Christopher Moore's lively and engaging history of the Court of Appeal for Ontario, he traces the evolution of one of Canada's most influential courts from its origins as a branch of the lieutenant governor's executive council to the post-Charter years of cutting-edge jurisprudence and national influence. Discussing the issues, personalities, and politics which have shaped Ontario's highest court, The Court of Appeal for Ontario offers appreciations of key figures in Canada's legal and political history - including John Beverly Robinson, Oliver Mowat, Bora Laskin, and Bertha Wilson - and a serious examination of what the right of appeal means and how it has been interpreted by Canadians over the last two hundred years. The first comprehensive history of the Ontario Court of Appeal, Moore's book is the definitive and eminently readable account of the court that has been called everything from a bulwark against tyranny to murderer's row.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Give us the Court of Appeal, 1792-1874
• Oliver Mowat's court, 1874-1912
• The Meredith-Mulock-Rowell courts, 1913-38 : experiments in court reform
• The Robertson-Pickup-Porter courts, 1938-67
• Renewal : the Gale-Estey-Howland Courts, 1967-90
• Dublin-McMurtry Courts, 1990-2007
• Into the twenty-first century : the Winkler court, 2007-13.

In Christopher Moore's lively and engaging history of the Court of Appeal for Ontario, he traces the evolution of one of Canada's most influential courts from its origins as a branch of the lieutenant governor's executive council to the post-Charter years of cutting-edge jurisprudence and national influence. Discussing the issues, personalities, and politics which have shaped Ontario's highest court, The Court of Appeal for Ontario offers appreciations of key figures in Canada's legal and political history - including John Beverly Robinson, Oliver Mowat, Bora Laskin, and Bertha Wilson - and a serious examination of what the right of appeal means and how it has been interpreted by Canadians over the last two hundred years. The first comprehensive history of the Ontario Court of Appeal, Moore's book is the definitive and eminently readable account of the court that has been called everything from a bulwark against tyranny to murderer's row.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Foreword The Right Honourable Beverley McLachlin, P.C., Chief Justice of Canada List of Contributors
• Part 1: Introduction Michael Trebilcock (University of Toronto), Anthony Duggan (University of Toronto), and Lorne Sossin (Dean of Osgoode Hall Law School)
• Part 2: Defining the Problem - What are the Unmet Legal Needs?
• Chapter 1: Caught in the Middle: Income, Justiciable Problems and the Use of Lawyers Pascoe Pleasance (University College London) and Nigel J. Balmer (University College London)
• Chapter 2: The Ontario Civil Needs Project: A Comparative Analysis of the 2009 Survey Data Jamie Baxter, Michael Trebilcock, and Albert Yoon (University of Toronto)
• Part 3: "Front-End" Proactive Solutions Chapter 3:Front-End Strategies for Improving Consumer Access to Justice Anthony Duggan (University of Toronto) and Iain Ramsey (University of Kent)
• Part 4: Non-Lawyer Forms of Assistance
• Chapter 4: Opportunities and Challenges: Non-Lawyer Forms of Assistance in Providing Access to Justice for Middle-Income Earners Russell Engler (New England Law)
• Chapter 5: Middle Income Access to Civil Justice: Implications of Proposals for the Reform of Legal Aid in England and Wales Roger Smith
• Part 5: Access to Lawyers
• Chapter 6: Should Legal Services be Unbundled? Samreen Beg and Lorne Sossin
• Chapter 7: Money Isn't Everything: Understanding Moderate Income Households' Use of Lawyers' Services Rebecca Sandefur (American Bar Foundation)
• Chapter 8: Legal Services Plans: Crucial Time Access to Lawyers and the Case for a Public-Private Partnership Paul Vayda (CAW Legal Services Plan) and Stephen Ginsberg (CAW Legal Services Plan)
• Part 6: Reforming the Dispute Resolution Process
• Chapter 9: Reforming Family Dispute Resolution in Ontario: Systemic Changes and Cultural Shifts Nicholas Bala (Queen's University)
• Chapter 10: Commentary on Bala Justice George Czurtin (Justice of the Superior Court of Justice - Ontario)
• Chapter 11: Access to Justice for Small Amount Claims in the Consumer Marketplace: Lessons from Australia Justin Malbon (Monash University)
• Chapter 12: Challenges in Small Claims Court System Design: Does One Size Fit All? Shelley McGill (Deputy Judge of the Ontario Small Claims Court)
• Part 7: Creating Change and Reform of the Justice System
• Chapter 13: Growing Ontario Legal Aid into the Middle Class: A Proposal for Public Legal Expenses Insurance Sujit Choudry (University of Toronto), Michael Trebilcock, and James Wilson
• Part 8: The Options Papers Noel Semple (York University) and Carol Rogerson (University of Toronto), Middle Income Access to Justice: Policy Options with respect to Family Law Judith McCormack (University of Toronto) and Azim Remani (University of Toronto), Middle Income Access to Justice: Policy Options with Respect to Employment Law Anthony Duggan, Azim Remani and Dennis Kao (Sidley Austin LLP), Middle Income Access to Justice: Policy Options with respect to Consumer and Debtor-Creditor Law
• Part 9: Select Bibliography.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Though most conceptions of the rule of law assume equality before the law - and hence equal access to the justice system - this basic right is not being met for many low and middle income Canadians. This book focuses on the problem of civil access to justice for middle income earners - those whose household income is high enough to disqualify them from legal aid but not high enough to cover the costs of litigation. Featuring contributions by leading Canadian and international scholars, practitioners, and members of the judiciary, this multidisciplinary collection draws on scholarship in the fields of law, social science, and public policy. There is a particular emphasis on family law, consumer law, and employment law, as these are the areas where research has indicated that unmet legal needs are highest. Middle Income Access to Justice presents a variety of innovative solutions, from dispute resolution process reforms to the development of non-lawyer forms of assistance and new methods for funding legal expenses. In doing so, it lays the foundation for the development of a much-needed new delivery model to provide early intervention for legal services.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Foreword The Right Honourable Beverley McLachlin, P.C., Chief Justice of Canada List of Contributors
• Part 1: Introduction Michael Trebilcock (University of Toronto), Anthony Duggan (University of Toronto), and Lorne Sossin (Dean of Osgoode Hall Law School)
• Part 2: Defining the Problem - What are the Unmet Legal Needs?
• Chapter 1: Caught in the Middle: Income, Justiciable Problems and the Use of Lawyers Pascoe Pleasance (University College London) and Nigel J. Balmer (University College London)
• Chapter 2: The Ontario Civil Needs Project: A Comparative Analysis of the 2009 Survey Data Jamie Baxter, Michael Trebilcock, and Albert Yoon (University of Toronto)
• Part 3: "Front-End" Proactive Solutions Chapter 3:Front-End Strategies for Improving Consumer Access to Justice Anthony Duggan (University of Toronto) and Iain Ramsey (University of Kent)
• Part 4: Non-Lawyer Forms of Assistance
• Chapter 4: Opportunities and Challenges: Non-Lawyer Forms of Assistance in Providing Access to Justice for Middle-Income Earners Russell Engler (New England Law)
• Chapter 5: Middle Income Access to Civil Justice: Implications of Proposals for the Reform of Legal Aid in England and Wales Roger Smith
• Part 5: Access to Lawyers
• Chapter 6: Should Legal Services be Unbundled? Samreen Beg and Lorne Sossin
• Chapter 7: Money Isn't Everything: Understanding Moderate Income Households' Use of Lawyers' Services Rebecca Sandefur (American Bar Foundation)
• Chapter 8: Legal Services Plans: Crucial Time Access to Lawyers and the Case for a Public-Private Partnership Paul Vayda (CAW Legal Services Plan) and Stephen Ginsberg (CAW Legal Services Plan)
• Part 6: Reforming the Dispute Resolution Process
• Chapter 9: Reforming Family Dispute Resolution in Ontario: Systemic Changes and Cultural Shifts Nicholas Bala (Queen's University)
• Chapter 10: Commentary on Bala Justice George Czurtin (Justice of the Superior Court of Justice - Ontario)
• Chapter 11: Access to Justice for Small Amount Claims in the Consumer Marketplace: Lessons from Australia Justin Malbon (Monash University)
• Chapter 12: Challenges in Small Claims Court System Design: Does One Size Fit All? Shelley McGill (Deputy Judge of the Ontario Small Claims Court)
• Part 7: Creating Change and Reform of the Justice System
• Chapter 13: Growing Ontario Legal Aid into the Middle Class: A Proposal for Public Legal Expenses Insurance Sujit Choudry (University of Toronto), Michael Trebilcock, and James Wilson
• Part 8: The Options Papers Noel Semple (York University) and Carol Rogerson (University of Toronto), Middle Income Access to Justice: Policy Options with respect to Family Law Judith McCormack (University of Toronto) and Azim Remani (University of Toronto), Middle Income Access to Justice: Policy Options with Respect to Employment Law Anthony Duggan, Azim Remani and Dennis Kao (Sidley Austin LLP), Middle Income Access to Justice: Policy Options with respect to Consumer and Debtor-Creditor Law
• Part 9: Select Bibliography.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Though most conceptions of the rule of law assume equality before the law - and hence equal access to the justice system - this basic right is not being met for many low and middle income Canadians. This book focuses on the problem of civil access to justice for middle income earners - those whose household income is high enough to disqualify them from legal aid but not high enough to cover the costs of litigation. Featuring contributions by leading Canadian and international scholars, practitioners, and members of the judiciary, this multidisciplinary collection draws on scholarship in the fields of law, social science, and public policy. There is a particular emphasis on family law, consumer law, and employment law, as these are the areas where research has indicated that unmet legal needs are highest. Middle Income Access to Justice presents a variety of innovative solutions, from dispute resolution process reforms to the development of non-lawyer forms of assistance and new methods for funding legal expenses. In doing so, it lays the foundation for the development of a much-needed new delivery model to provide early intervention for legal services.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Caught in the middle : justiciable problems and the use of lawyers / Pascoe Pleasance and Nigel J. Balmer
• The Ontario Civil Needs Project : a comparative analysis of the 2009 survey data / Jamie Baxter, Michael Trebilcock, and Albert Yoon
• Front-end strategies for improving consumer access to justice / Anthony Duggan and Iain Ramsey
• Opportunities and challenges : non-lawyer forms of assistance in providing access to justice for middle-income earners / Russell Engler
• Middle income access to civil justice : implications of proposals for the reform of legal aid in England and Wales / Roger Smith
• Should legal services be unbundled? / Samreen Beg and Lorne Sossin
• Money isn't everything : understanding moderate income households' use of lawyers' services / Rebecca L. Sandefur
• Legal services plans : crucial time access to lawyers and the case for a public-private partnership / Paul A. Vayda and Stephen B. Ginsberg
• Reforming family dispute resolution in Ontario : systemic changes and cultural shifts / Nicholas Bala
• Some reflections on family dispute resolution in Ontario / George Czurtin
• Access to justice for small amount claims in the consumer marketplace : lessons from Australia / Justin Malbon
• Challenges in small claims court system design : does one size fit all? / Shelley McGill
• Growing Legal Aid Ontario into the middle class : a proposal for public legal expenses insurance / Sujit Choudry, Michael Trebilcock, and James Wilson
• Middle-income access to justice : policy options with respect to family law / Noel Semple and Carol Rogerson
• Middle income access to justice : policy options with respect to employment law / Judith McCormack and Azim Remani
• Middle income access to justice : policy options with respect to consumer and debtor/creditor law / Anthony Duggan, Azim Remani, and Dennis Kao.

Though most conceptions of the rule of law assume equality before the law - and hence equal access to the justice system - this basic right is not being met for many low and middle income Canadians. This book focuses on the problem of civil access to justice for middle income earners - those whose household income is high enough to disqualify them from legal aid but not high enough to cover the costs of litigation. Featuring contributions by leading Canadian and international scholars, practitioners, and members of the judiciary, this multidisciplinary collection draws on scholarship in the fields of law, social science, and public policy. There is a particular emphasis on family law, consumer law, and employment law, as these are the areas where research has indicated that unmet legal needs are highest. Middle Income Access to Justice presents a variety of innovative solutions, from dispute resolution process reforms to the development of non-lawyer forms of assistance and new methods for funding legal expenses. In doing so, it lays the foundation for the development of a much-needed new delivery model to provide early intervention for legal services.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Follows the experiences of Julian Dedier, a young Black man, who in 1989, along with four other youths, was falsely arrested for robbery by the Toronto police. Although the youths were later released, this film raises questions about racism and police

• Acknowledgements Introduction * Blackness and the Law in Slavery and Freedom * Nationhood, Mercy and the Gallows * Black Patriarchy * Tales of a "Peculiarly Horrible Description": Archetypal Rape Narratives * Race, Sex, and the Power of Dominant Rape Narratives Conclusion.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

While slavery in Canada was abolished in 1834, discrimination remained. Race on Trial contrasts formal legal equality with pervasive patterns of social, legal, and attitudinal inequality in Ontario by documenting the history of black Ontarians who appeared before the criminal courts from the mid-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth centuries. Using capital case files and the assize records for Kent and Essex counties, areas that had significant black populations because they were termini for the Underground Railroad, Barrington Walker investigates the limits of freedom for Ontario's African Canadians. Through court transcripts, depositions, jail records, Judge's Bench Books, newspapers, and government correspondence, Walker identifies trends in charges and convictions in the Black population. This exploration of the complex and often contradictory web of racial attitudes and the values of white legal elites not only exposes how blackness was articulated in Canadian law but also offers a rare glimpse of black life as experienced in Canada's past.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The Toronto Women's Police Court as an institution
• Feminism, moral equality, and the criminal law : the women's court as feminized justice
• "The badness of their badness when they're bad" : women, crime, and the Court
• "What chance is there for a girl?" : vagrancy and theft charges in the women's court
• "Up again, Jenny?" : repeat offenders in the women's court
• "Can her justice be just?" : Margaret Patterson, male critics, and female criminals.

In 1913, Toronto launched Canada's first woman's police court. The court was run by and for women, but was it a great achievement? This multifaceted portrait of the cases, defendants, and officials that graced its halls reveals a fundamental contradiction at the experiment's core: the Toronto Women's Police Court was both a site for feminist adaptations of justice and a court empowered to punish women.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

"Defining Rights and Wrongs" investigates the day-to-day practices of the officials who manage human rights complaints. Rosanna Langer documents agencies' struggle to reconcile a huge body of claims within expansive standards and restrictive rules. She also examines how independent human rights advocates and organizations challenge the agency to respond to calls for change. Langer concludes that tensions remain between rights, enforcement ideals, and operational imperatives; between the public interest and particular individual complainants; and between perpetuation and change. In its defence of the public interest and offering a strong anti-discrimination framework at a time when public complaint administration is under attack, "Defining Rights and Wrongs" opposes the formalization and privatization of discrimination complaints. It will interest practitioners, students, and academics interested in human rights, politics, public policy, and law and society.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. 'Such a program of legislation': illegitimacy and law reform
• 2. 'Doubtful of her veracity': procedures and judgment under the Children of Unmarried Parents Act
• 3. 'I did not bring this child into the world by myself': stories of unwed pregnancy
• 4. 'Best for our babies': the adoption mandate
• 5. 'Haunted by bills': lone motherhood and poverty
• 6. 'Known as Mrs S': cohabitation and the Children of Unmarried Parents Act.

• 1. 'Such a program of legislation': illegitimacy and law reform
• 2. 'Doubtful of her veracity': procedures and judgment under the Children of Unmarried Parents Act
• 3. 'I did not bring this child into the world by myself': stories of unwed pregnancy
• 4. 'Best for our babies': the adoption mandate
• 5. 'Haunted by bills': lone motherhood and poverty
• 6. 'Known as Mrs S': cohabitation and the Children of Unmarried Parents Act.

In 1921, despite the passing of legislation intended to ease the consequences of illegitimacy for children (Children of Unmarried Parents Act), reformers in Ontario made no effort to improve the status of unwed mothers. Furthermore, the reforms that were passed served as models for legislation in other provinces and even in some American states, institutionalizing, in essence, the prejudices evident throughout. Until now, historians have not sufficiently studied these measures, resulting in the marginalization of unwed mothers as historical subjects. In Misconceptions, Lori Chambers seeks to redress this oversight. By way of analysis and careful critique, Chambers shows that the solutions to unwed pregnancy promoted in the reforms of 1921 were themselves based upon misconceptions. The book also explores the experiences of unwed mothers who were subjected to the legislation of the time, thus shedding an invaluable light on these formerly ignored subjects. Ultimately, Misconceptions argues that child welfare measures which simultaneously seek to rescue children and punish errant women will not, and cannot, succeed in alleviating child or maternal poverty.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)