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• Introduction: Through the democratic lens : official secrets in the European Union
• The oversight dilemma and democratic constraints on official secrets in the EU constitutional context --- EU regulation of official secrets
• EU practices of official secrets : administrative discretion in action
• Access to official secrets and reviewing executive secrecy
• Closed parliamentary oversight and secret evidence in EU courts
• Conclusion.

This monograph offers a uniquely comprehensive and in-depth legal account of official secrets in the European Union. It critically analyses their implications for oversight and fundamental rights. Based on forty interviews with practitioners and other stakeholders, it offers an understanding of the practices of official secrets and provides a critical and much-needed perspective on how parliamentary, judicial and administrative oversight institutions deal with access to classified material and the dilemma of oversight to concurrently ensure secrecy necessary for EU security policies and openness needed for democratic processes and fundamental rights. The book discerns shifts in institutional practice of oversight at the European Parliament and the Court of Justice of the European Union that disproportionately favour secrecy and the protection of classified documents while creating serious limitations to open democratic deliberations and access to justice, and delivers new insights on the EU's development as a security actor as well as its autonomy from Member States, showing how rules on official secrets were a means for the EU to gain more autonomy in external security cooperation.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• List of Tables
• List of Figures
• Acknowledgements
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Theoretical Background and Methodology
• 2.1 Why examine Anti-Political Establishment Parties?
• 2.2 Definitional Problems in the Literature
• 2.3 Defining the Anti-Political Establishment Party
• 2.4 How to identify an Anti-Political Establishment Party
• 2.5 Theoretical Background and Prior Research
• 2.6 Research Hypotheses and Methodology
• 3. Anti-Political Establishment Parties in Nineteen Democracies
• 4. Testing the Hypotheses
• 4.1 Electoral System Features
• 4.2 A Tradition of Strong Anti-Political Establishment Parties in the Past
• 4.3 The Economic Condition of a Country
• 4.4 Collusion between the Main Establishment Parties
• 4.5 Party System Features
• 4.6 Availability of Voters
• 5. Testing Multivariate Regression Models
• 6. Conclusion
• Appendix A
• Appendix B Bibliography.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

First Published in 2003. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• List of Tables
• List of Figures
• Acknowledgements
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Theoretical Background and Methodology
• 2.1 Why examine Anti-Political Establishment Parties?
• 2.2 Definitional Problems in the Literature
• 2.3 Defining the Anti-Political Establishment Party
• 2.4 How to identify an Anti-Political Establishment Party
• 2.5 Theoretical Background and Prior Research
• 2.6 Research Hypotheses and Methodology
• 3. Anti-Political Establishment Parties in Nineteen Democracies
• 4. Testing the Hypotheses
• 4.1 Electoral System Features
• 4.2 A Tradition of Strong Anti-Political Establishment Parties in the Past
• 4.3 The Economic Condition of a Country
• 4.4 Collusion between the Main Establishment Parties
• 4.5 Party System Features
• 4.6 Availability of Voters
• 5. Testing Multivariate Regression Models
• 6. Conclusion
• Appendix A
• Appendix B Bibliography.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

First Published in 2003. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

This study makes use of political science theory and methodology as well as an area-study (i.e. the Middle East) approach to draw conclusions on the prospects for democratization in developing countries in general. The study further challenges explanations of prospects for the democratization of state grounded on the cultural traits of each society, arguing that culture becomes an important factor in the struggle for democracy only when it contributes to either concentration or dispersion of social, economic and political resources.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Electronic government information; public administration.