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This volume collects 10 papers presented at the 13th ICAZ International conference comprising of research from wide-ranging geographical and chronological contexts. A variety of topics are discussed including Neanderthal behavioural patterns, animal economy and exploitation, and biodiversity and extinction or expansion of a range of species. There are also chapters presenting osteometric information on particular species (dogs and otariids).

本书收集了多篇文章, 有的是对中国史前考古学早期研究的讨论, 有的是对中国史前文化研究心路历程的分析, 多少都反映了作者对20世纪中国考古学发展历史 的认识. 本书收集了多篇文章, 有的是对中国史前考古学早期研究的讨论, 有的是对中国史前文化研究心路历程的分析, 多少都反映了作者对20世纪中国考古学发展历史 的认识.

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Digital model sampledScanning and processing protocol
• 3. Three-dimensional investigations of fragile archaeological human remains
• 4. Landmark and semilandmark data collection using digitizers and data processing
• 5. Landmark and semilandmark data collection using 3D virtual model and data processin
• 6. Validity assessment: validity testing of mixed data by multiple devices, methods, and observers
• 7. 3D data analysis using R
• 8. Considerations in the application of 3DGM to stone artifacts with a focus on orientation error in bifaces
• 9. Conclusions.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

3D Data Acquisition for Bioarchaeology, Forensic Anthropology, and Archaeology serves as a handbook for the collection and processing of 3-D scanned data and as a tool for scholars interested in pursuing research projects with 3-D models. The book's chapters enhance the reader's understanding of the technology by covering virtual model processing protocols, alignment methods, actual data acquisition techniques, basic technological protocols, and considerations of variation in research design associated with biological anthropology and archaeology.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Abstract
• Preface
• 1 - Introduction
• 2 - State of the Art
• 3 - Theory
• 4 - Methodology
• 4.1 - Review of Established Methodologies and Associated Technologies
• 4.2 - Introduction to Utilised Technologies
• 4.2.1 - Camera Systems
• 4.2.2 - Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 5.4
• 4.2.3 - Agisoft's Photoscan 1.0.4
• 4.2.4 - EDM Total Station
• 4.2.5 - ArcGIS 10.2.1
• 4.3 - Limitations
• 5 - Experiment: 3D Delineation
• 5.1 - General Background of Uppakra
• 5.2 - Documentation Methodology at Uppakra since 2011
• 5.3 - State of the Art: 3D Modelling at Uppakra
• 5.4 - Experiment Overview
• 5.5 - Experiment Methodology
• 5.6 - Results Concerning 3D Archaeological Drawings
• 6 - Discussion
• 6.1 - Statement of Perceived Impact
• 6.1.1 - Guidelines and Symbologies for 3D Archaeological Drawing
• 6.2 - Cautions and Limitations
• 6.3 - Concerns Regarding the Photographic Process
• 7 - Conclusion
• 8 - Acknowledgments
• 9 - References.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

A recent trend concerning archaeological research has focused on producing a real-time methodology for 3D digital models as archaeological documentation within the excavation setting. While such methodologies have now firmly been established, what remains is to examine how 3D models can be integrated more fully alongside other forms of archaeological documentation. This work explored one avenue by developing a method that combines the interpretative power of traditional archaeological drawings and the realistic visualisation capacity of 3D digital models. An experiment was initiated during archaeological excavations at Uppakra, Sweden where photographic data was captured to produce 3D digital models through Photoscan. These models were geospatially located within ESRI's 3D GIS ArcScene where shapefile editing tools were used to draw overtop of their surfaces in three-dimensions. All drawings closely followed the single context method of drawing, were allotted context numbers, and given descriptive geodatabase attributes. This methodology resulted in the further integration of 3D models alongside other forms of archaeological documentation. The drawings increased the communicative powers of archaeological interpretation by enabling the information to be disseminated in a 3D environment alongside other formats of data that would have otherwise been disconnected in 2D space. Finally, the database attributes permitted the drawings complete integration within the geodatabase, thereby making them available for query and other analytical procedures. Archaeological information is three-dimensional; therefore, archaeologists must begin to approach documentation bearing this in mind. This technique has demonstrated that 3D models are a fluidic form of documentation allowing for accurate preservation of archaeology while enabling new forms of data to be derived all within a limited amount of time. Archaeologists must begin to affect change towards embracing 3D models and their associated applications as a standard tool within the excavator's toolbox.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Calibration of Camera Systems for Underwater Photogrammetry - Mark Shortis Presenting Photogrammetric 3D Recording Essays in the Submerged Harbour Infrastructure of the Ancient and Medieval Harbour of Kyllene/Glarentza - Kalliopi Baika Using Digital Visualisation of Archival Sources to Enhance Archaeological Interpretation of the 'Life History' of Ships: Case Study of HMCS/HMAS Protector - J. Hunter III Presenting Computer Vision Photogrammetry (CVP) for Maritime Archaeology Research and Public Outreach: A Recording and Surveying Procedure Combining Photogrammetry and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) - Barbara Davidde High-Resolution Sub-Seabed Survey and Visualisation: Recent Korean Case Studies - YonHwa Jung From Integration to Explanation: Moving from 3 to 4 Dimensions. Maximising the Temporal Potential of 3D Datasets with Regard to Integration and Comparison of Data from Multiple Sources - Fraser Sturt 3D Scanning and Mapping of the City of Adelaide - Daniel Atkinson Recent 3D Survey Work in Egypt - Ziad M. Morsy Innomar's Parametric Sub-Bottom Profiler (SBP) Survey of Sub-Seabed Viking Fortifications in the Baltic - Douglas Bergersen Early Results of the High-Resolution Imaging of HMAS Sydney and HSK Kormoran - Andrew Hutchinson Underwater Archaeology using Riegl Bathymetric Lidars: An Overview - Jorg Hacker The 17th/18th Century Drumbeg Shipwreck in Scotland: Seamless Integration of Multi-Sensor Non-Intrusive 3D Survey - John McCarthy James Matthews Trial Sub-Bottom Profile Survey - Trevor Winton Image-Based 3D Underwater Recording and Ocularcentrism - Madeline McAllister 3D Photogrammetry for and by the Public - Kevin Edwards Integration of Topographical and Bathymetrical Surveys in High-Resolution Textured 3D Prints - Andrew Ternes.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This open access peer-reviewed volume was inspired by the UNESCO UNITWIN Network for Underwater Archaeology International Workshop held at Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia in November 2016. Content is based on, but not limited to, the work presented at the workshop which was dedicated to 3D recording and interpretation for maritime archaeology. The volume consists of contributions from leading international experts as well as up-and-coming early career researchers from around the globe. The content of the book includes recording and analysis of maritime archaeology through emerging technologies, including both practical and theoretical contributions. Topics include photogrammetric recording, laser scanning, marine geophysical 3D survey techniques, virtual reality, 3D modelling and reconstruction, data integration and Geographic Information Systems. The principal incentive for this publication is the ongoing rapid shift in the methodologies of maritime archaeology within recent years and a marked increase in the use of 3D and digital approaches. This convergence of digital technologies such as underwater photography and photogrammetry, 3D sonar, 3D virtual reality, and 3D printing has highlighted a pressing need for these new methodologies to be considered together, both in terms of defining the state-of-the-art and for consideration of future directions. As a scholarly publication, the audience for the book includes students and researchers, as well as professionals working in various aspects of archaeology, heritage management, education, museums, and public policy. It will be of special interest to those working in the field of coastal cultural resource management and underwater archaeology but will also be of broader interest to anyone interested in archaeology and to those in other disciplines who are now engaging with 3D recording and visualization.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface ; The Authors; Abbreviations and acronyms ; Chapter 1 Introduction
• Current Trends in Cultural Heritage and Documentation ; 1.1 Innovation is human nature ; 1.2 Innovation in contrast to conservation ; 1.3 Current trends, challenges and recommendations ; 1.3.1 Trend 1
• Widening definition of the conservation profession ; 1.3.2 Trend 2
• Enlarging scale of cultural heritage ; 1.3.3 Trend 3
• Developing new themes in cultural heritage ; 1.3.4 Trend 4
• Increasing threats ; 1.3.5 Trend 5
• Increasing pace of innovation ; 1.3.6 Trend 6
• Fragmentation of data.

• 1.4 Recommendations 1.4.1 Ensure that multidisciplinary teams are formed ; 1.4.2 Established principles, guidelines and specifications ; 1.4.3 Engage communities ; 1.4.4 Train and educate ; 1.4.5 Identify good practice; 1.4.6 Focus on risk assessment and sustainability ; 1.4.7 Focus on value-centred assessment ; 1.5 Conclusions ; References ; Chapter 2
• Conservation Techniques in Cultural Heritage ; 2.1 From a moment to preserving the past in 3D ; 2.1.1 Encapsulating a moment in the past ; 2.1.2 Protection, preservation and conservation ; 2.1.3 Three-dimensional view to the past.

• 2.2 The duty to protect and preserve 2.2.1 Developments in protection ; 2.2.2 Safeguarding bodies ; 2.2.3 Challenges for protection and preservation ; 2.3 Landscapes, sites and structures in 3D ; 2.3.1 Landscapes and contexts ; 2.3.2 Applying remote sensing from air and space ; 2.3.3 Penetrating the ground: searching for sites and structures ; 2.3.4 Digging deep at sites ; 2.3.5 On-site conservation and site conservation ; 2.4 Prehistory in Mind ; 2.4.1 From the first foot prints to rock art ; 2.5 Sacred spaces of Ancient Greece and stumbling blocks.

• 2.5.1 The Acropolis
• the crumbling sacred rock of the Athenians 2.5.2 Augmented reality and sculptural modelling in 3D Olympia ; 2.6 Reconstructing Ancient Roman public and domestic spaces ; 2.6.1 Virtual villas and palaces in 'eternal' Rome ; 2.6.2 The forum, insulae and villas in Pompeii and Herculaneum ; 2.7 Documenting caravan cities in the Ancient East ; 2.7.1 Hatra, Palmyra and Petra revisited ; 2.8 Capturing and saving architecture from the Common Era ; 2.8.1 Saving sacred spaces: churches, mosques and synagogues ; 2.8.2 Buddhist and Hindu temples.

• 2.8.3 Modelling historical castles, palazzos, houses and gardens 2.9 Viewing walls, ceilings and floors ; 2.9.1 Wall paintings ; 2.9.2 Mosaics ; 2.10 Documenting detailed features and artefacts ; 2.10.1 Relevant methods for 3D ; 2.10.2 Sculptured monuments, statues and ornamentation ; 2.10.3 Some types of artefacts and materials ; 2.11 Inscriptions, tablets, scrolls and codices ; 2.11.1 Monumental inscriptions ; 2.11.2 Small inscriptions and coins ; 2.11.3 Papyrus and parchment rolls, wax and wood tablets, palm leaves, bark and paper ; 2.12 Graves, tombs and human remains.

This book provides an integrated and objective approach to documentation of cultural heritage, bringing together the techniques of conservation with management, photographic methods, various modelling techniques and the use of unmanned aerial systems. It is written by a team of international experts based upon their practical experience and expertise.

This text analyses in detail the methods and developments in 3D survey, with reference to the different areas of archaeological research. It examines the transition from traditional applications to 3D surveying, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Three-dimensional acquisition methods using photogrammetry and laser scanning are explored, as well as the most widely used systems for 3D data management, such as 3D GIS and innovative building information modelling for archaeology. The theoretical analysis is contextualised in different archaeological scenarios (field survey, valorisation, and maintenance), and it is enriched by case studies that explain the application potential. This text is primarily for scholars interested in three-dimensional survey issues for archaeological contexts and students approaching graphic documentation aspects

Humanity's written history stretches back only 5,000 years, a mere blip on the timeline of our existence. If you want to know what it really means to be fully human, to see the whole story, you need to go back. Way, way back. Prehistoric humans couldn't write, but they were adept at telling their own stories. On every continent and outpost where they gained a foothold, they left signs for modern man to decipher. From the Middle Bronze Age settlement of Arkaim on the Kazakh Steppes to the temples of the Olmec in Mexico; from one of the first European proto-cities at Nebelivka in Ukraine to the neolithic henges of Avebury and Stonehenge; from the dolmens of Antequera in the heart of Andalucia to the megalithic culture that thrived in isolation on Indonesia's tiny Nias Island.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)