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• Forward! To the Fourth Edition How to Use This Book
• 1. The Cow in the Field
• 2. The Raven
• 3. Descartes' Big One
• 4. The Hanging Judge
• 5. The Hairdresser
• 6. The Tuck Shop Dilemma
• 7. Protagoras' Problem
• 8. The Unexpected Exam
• 9. Sorites
• 10. A Problem Arranging Ship Battles
• 11. Flight 999
• 12. The Plank of Carneades
• 13. The Dodgy Donor Clinic
• 14. The Famous Footbridge Dilemma
• 15. A not-very Classical Musical Dilemma
• 16. Whose Baby?
• 17. Potentially a Problem
• 18. Kidnapped! Part I
• 19. Kidnapped! Part II
• 20. The Tortoise
• 21. The Bent Coin Problem
• 22. The Infinite Hotel
• 23. Zeno's Paradox of Place
• 24. Poincare's Problem
• 25. The Mysterious Triangle
• 26. The Fern
• 27. Fakes and Forgeries
• 28. Flash Bagman
• 29. A Problem buying Stamps and Potatoes parts I and II
• 30. Problems with Standards
• 31. A bit of Exploitation
• 32. Swampy Things
• 33. The X-perience Machine
• 34. The Power of Partiality
• 35. Against Impartiality
• 36. The Superior Power of Self-interest
• 37. The Half-Brain problem
• 38. Only John King!
• 39. The Materialisation of Katie King
• 40. The Blobs
• 41. Cube/ Triangle
• 42. Figure/Ground reversal
• 43. False Leg
• 44. Mobius Strip 45
• -56. 12 Traditional Philosophy Problems No One Cares About Anyway
• 57. Potty Thought Experiments
• 58. What Happens After the Sun Goes Out
• 59. Galileo's (Gravitational ) Balls
• 60. Maxwell 's Moving Magnets
• 61. Einstein Changes the Train Times
• 62. Schrodinger's Cat
• 63. Deep Thought
• 64. Deeper Thought
• 65. The Dog and the Professor
• 66. A Relative Problem
• 67. New Diktatia part I
• 68. New Diktatia part II
• 69. New Diktatia part III
• 70. The Dissonance of the $1 Volunteers
• 71. Devil's Chemists
• 72. The Turtle 73.Daytime or Nighttime
• 74. But will the Waterfall?
• 75. The Architect's Secret
• 76. Smaller and smaller
• 77. The Three Hares Illusion 78.The Evangelist
• 79. The Hate Preacher 80
• -89. The Vicar's Tea Party (ten short problems)
• 90. The Battle for Fractal Farm
• 91. Lorenz's Waterywheel
• 92. Statistics in the Firing Line
• 93. The Amazing Run of Luck
• 94. Mind's Eye
• 95. Pain is Good
• 96. Greed is Good
• 97. Sleeping Problems
• 98. Sleeping Man
• 99. Simple Universe
• 100. Problem of How to Get to 101
• 101. Problem of Existence. Discussions Glossary Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Does Farmer Field really know his prize cow, Daisy, is in the field? When is an unexpected exam not wholly unexpected? Are all bachelors (really) unmarried? Martin Cohen's 101 Philosophy Problems, Fourth Edition introduces philosophy in an entertaining but informative and stimulating way. Using philosophical puzzles, conundrums and paradoxes he skilfully unwraps some of the mysteries of the subject, from what we know - or think we know - to brainteasing thought experiments about ethics, science and the nature of the mind. For the Fourth Edition there are many new problems, including Maxwell's Moving Magnets, Einstein Changes Train Times, and Zeno's Paradox of Place; as well as two brand new sections including puzzles such as Lorenz's Waterywheel, and the Battle for Fractal Farm, and perplexing ethical dilemmas. The book has been extensively revised to bring it up to date with new developments in philosophy and society. With an updated glossary of helpful terms and possible solutions to the problems at the end of the book, 101 Philosophy Problems is essential reading for anyone coming to philosophy for the first time.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

'Machiavelli has a new rival, and Sun-tzu had better watch his back' - New York Times Robert Greene's laws are now famous: Law 1: Never outshine the master. Law 2: Never put too much trust in friends; learn how to use enemies. Law 3: Conceal your intentions. Law 4: Always say less than necessary. At work, in relationships, on the street or on the 6 o'clock News: the 48 Laws apply everywhere. For anyone with an interest in conquest, self-defence, wealth, power or simply being an educated spectator, The 48 Laws of Power is one of the most useful and entertaining books ever; it 'teaches you how to cheat, dissemble, feign, fight and advance your cause in the modern world.' (Independent on Sunday). Robert Greene will teach you the distilled wisdom of the masters - illustrated through the tactics, triumphs and failures from Elizabeth I to Henry Kissinger on how to get to the top and stay there. Wry, ironic and clever, this is an indispensable and witty guide to power. The perfect gift book for the power-hungry (and who doesn't want power?); this is the Concise Edition of an international bestseller. From the internationally bestselling author of Mastery, The Art Of Seduction, and The 33 Strategies Of War.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

'Machiavelli has a new rival, and Sun-tzu had better watch his back' - New York Times Robert Greene's laws are now famous: Law 1: Never outshine the master. Law 2: Never put too much trust in friends; learn how to use enemies. Law 3: Conceal your intentions. Law 4: Always say less than necessary. At work, in relationships, on the street or on the 6 o'clock News: the 48 Laws apply everywhere. For anyone with an interest in conquest, self-defence, wealth, power or simply being an educated spectator, The 48 Laws of Power is one of the most useful and entertaining books ever; it 'teaches you how to cheat, dissemble, feign, fight and advance your cause in the modern world.' (Independent on Sunday). Robert Greene will teach you the distilled wisdom of the masters - illustrated through the tactics, triumphs and failures from Elizabeth I to Henry Kissinger on how to get to the top and stay there. Wry, ironic and clever, this is an indispensable and witty guide to power. The perfect gift book for the power-hungry (and who doesn't want power?); this is the Concise Edition of an international bestseller. From the internationally bestselling author of Mastery, The Art Of Seduction, and The 33 Strategies Of War.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Problems of knowledge
• Mind matters
• Ethics
• Animal rights
• Logic and meaning
• Science
• Aesthetics
• Religion
• Politics, justice and society.

• Préface d'Alain Connes
• Premier survol temporel
• La durée
• Le présent
• La tension et le va-et-vient
• Les fibres
• Intermède musical
• Passage du temps, entropie, transmission
• Il y a partout du présent
• Le présent se "casse"
• Si rien ne passe, rien ne se passe
• Le passé
• Le futur n'est pas commandé
• Proust, un feuilletage du passé
• Temps vécu ou invivable
• Nostalgie
• Le symptôme bloque du temps
• L'attente et l'identité
• Sentir le temps
• Avoir du temps
• Existence du temps
• Le temps se compte et se raconte
• Temps et création
• Le temps de l'oeuvre, le moment Picasso,
• Temps et variabilité
• L'irrépétable
• Temps et inconscient
• Clinique du temps
• Le temps de la cure
• La fin de l'analyse
• Les objets-temps
• L'oeuvre d'art est un objet-temps
• L'autre temps n'est pas le temps apparent
• Intermède sur le vieillissement
• Déroulement héraclitéen
• Coïncidences et hasard
• Surréalisme
• Grillage de temps et institution
• Gens pressés et temps obsessionnel
• Arrêt du temps et angoisse
• L'après-coup
• Rituels, mythe et création
• Temps d'être
• Deux gestes temporels
• Le temps comme forme de l'être
• Le voyage et le temps
• Prises du temps
• Origine, coupure et loi.

"Le temps : quoi de plus familier ? quoi de plus insaisissable ? Daniel Sibony en donne dans ce livre des aperçus pénétrants. Il est question du temps complexe et rationalisé de la physique ou de la métaphysique, abordées sans lourdeur, mais non sans payer son tribut au mystère. Il est question aussi du temps de la mémoire et de la nostalgie, cet "effort pour remonter le désir épuisé vers les lieux d'autrefois où il était plein de lui-même ; comme des poissons remontent le flux vers des lieux où se reproduire". Au fil des pages, Daniel Sibony dit la place qu'occupe le temps dans nos vies : chacun est concerné, entre le désir de "prendre son temps", la crainte d'être "pris" par le temps et l'angoisse de vieillir. Le propos est riche des multiples ressources de l'auteur : mathématicien, physicien, théologien, psychanalyste exposant des cas très parlants. Avec un art consommé du verbe, il exploite en virtuose la façon propre qu'a le langage d'ensemencer et d'éclairer la réflexion. Rien d'étonnant si, dans sa préface, le grand mathématicien Alain Connes invite à lui prêter "la plus grande attention"."--Page 4 of cover.

"À la recherche du chiffre 1 est un carnet de voyage qui nous entraine dans les diverses pistes que l'auteur a empruntées à la recherche de sa propre identité. Il est le produit de questionnements multiples, d'interrogations et de fouilles dans les registres de la religion, la philosophie, l'art et la science. Le chiffre 1 est un ustensile de la pensée pour permettre à l'homme de se définir dans l'univers, de comprendre la réalité et quantifier l'éphémère."--Page 4 of cover.

"Faut-il accepter comme une loi de la raison que le réel exige en toutes circonstances une soumission plutôt qu'une invention ? Le réel est toujours ce qui se découvre au prix que le semblant qui nous subjugue soit arraché. Aujourd'hui, nous devons être convaincus qu'en dépit des deuils que la pensée nous impose, chercher ce qu'il y a de réel dans le réel peut être, est, une passion joyeuse."--P. [4] of cover.

• Allez savoir
• Modernité et crise du savoir (Weber Mannheim Husserl)
• La connaissance scientifique entre innovation et contraintes (Fleck)
• Vivre et connaître à l'essai (Canguilhem)
• Le parti pris de l'agir (Deligny)
• Oralité et/ou écriture (Ong)
• Entre les lignes (Ingold)
• Faire ligne
• Des forêts qui pensent (Kohn)
• S'orienter dans l'urgence (Latour)
• Rechercher la vérité : les leçons de la littérature.

"Les études présentées dans ce volume portent sur des sujets empruntés à des domaines très divers : ceux-ci mettent en jeu des questions concernant la vie, la réalité sociale, la connaissance dont le traitement relève en particulier des compétences de l'anthropologie, de l'histoire des sciences, de la philosophie, et même de la littérature qui s'est intéressée à sa façon à ces questions. Les traverse l'hypothèse suivante : les contenus auxquels ces questions se rapportent, si différents soient les plans sur lesquels ils se situent, ont en commun de n'exister qu'"à l'essai", c'est-à-dire en cours d'élaboration, en travail, dans l'effort, à la peine, à travers des formes inachevées, donc en étant confrontés en permanence au risque de la crise, ce qui n'empêche qu'ils soient entraînés dans un élan continu sans qu'on sache où celui-ci conduit ni même s'il conduit quelque part. Or, pour rendre compte de ces réalités en devenir, marquées d'incertitude à un certain degré, le mieux était de procéder identiquement "à l'essai", en lançant une dynamique d'investigation qui ne suive pas un chemin déjà tout tracé conformément à un idéal de rectitude. De là une démarche systématiquement sinueuse, appuyée sur des lectures pratiquées comme autant d'expérimentations qui mettent à l'épreuve, cas par cas, l'hypothèse de départ telle qu'elle vient d'être évoquée. Sont ainsi esquissés, pour voir, sous réserve d'examen, les linéaments d'une philosophie pratique qui permet d'évacuer certaines alternatives traditionnelles comme celles du réel et de la pensée, du corporel et du mental, des faits et des valeurs, de la nature et de la culture, de la nécessité et de la liberté."--Page 4 of cover.

For centuries philosophers have attached much importance to a priori knowledge, but recent work in epistemology and experimental philosophy has questioned this. Leading philosophers discuss explanations of the a priori, challenges to its existence, the status of intuition, and the justification of belief - topics at the centre of current debate.

• Table of Contents; Acknowledgements; Note on Quotations and Bibliography; Introduction; Chapter One; 1.1 Cogitatio and Its Modes; 1.1.1 Understanding, Will, and Judgments; 1.1.2 Understanding and Its Modes; 1.2 The Modes of Understanding, and Innate Ideas; 1.2.1 Innate Ideas and Dispositions; 1.2.2 Innate Ideas and Implicit Apprehension; 1.3 Clear and Distinct Perception, Certainty, and Scientia; 1.3.1 Compelled Assent; 1.3.2 Metaphysical Certainty and Normativity; 1.3.3 Clear and Distinct Perception, and Scientia; 1.4 Breaking Down the Cartesian Circle; Chapter Two

• 2.1 Understanding as the Principle of Scientia2.2 Intuitus, Understanding, and Experientia; 2.3 The Objects of Intuitus; 2.3.1 Simple Natures; 2.3.2 Compositiones as Objects of Intuitus; 2.4 The Root of Objective Necessity, and Scientia; 2.5 Deductio; 2.5.1 Construing Deductio in Terms of Intuitus; 2.5.2 Throwing Away the Dialecticorum Vincula; 2.6 Enumeration; 2.6.1 Approbative and Heuristic Enumeration; 2.6.2 Enumeration, Sufficiency, and Ordering; 2.6.3 Inductio, Deductio, and Enumeratio; Chapter Three; 3.1 Links to Mathematical Contexts

• 3.1.1 Mathematics as a Paradigm of a Universal Method3.1.2 The A Priori in Purely Mathematical Contexts; 3.1.3 The Method of Analysis in Diophantus and Pappus; 3.1.4 The "Algebre des modernes"; 3.2 Analysis in Descartes Mathematics; 3.2.1 A Point of Comparison: Viète s Logistice Speciosa; 3.2.2 Descartes Algebraization of Geometry; 3.2.3 Algebra as an Analytical Problem-Solving Procedure; 3.2.4 Analysis and Synthesis in Pappus; 3.2.5 Descartes Approach; 3.2.6 Scientia and Imagination in Descartes' Mathematics; Chapter Four; 4.1 Mathematicæ, Mathesis Vniversalis and a Universal Method

• 4.1.1 A Textual Problem4.1.2 The Meaning of Mathesis vniversalis in Descartes; 4.2 A Talk of the Method; 4.3 A Reconstruction of the Universal Method; 4.3.1 The General Modus Operandi; 4.3.2 The Præparatio Comparationum; 4.4 Justification and Possibility of Method; 4.4.1 The Justification Task; 4.5 Universality of the Method and the Unity of the Scientiæ; Chapter Five; 5.1 The A Priori and the A Posteriori in the Aristotelian Tradition; 5.2 Some Aristotelian Strata in Descartes' Conception; 5.3 A Clash with the Aristotelians; 5.3.1 Analysis as an Approbative Tool in the Aristotelian Tradition

• 5.3.2 Heuristic Analysis in Aristotle5.3.3 Heuristic Analysis in Renaissance Aristotelianism; 5.3.4 Some Similarities to Descartes on Analysis; 5
• .4. Analysis as A Priori in Descartes; 5.4.1 Culs-de-Sac; 5.4.2 A Speculative Suggestion; 5.5 Coda: Synthesis as A Posteriori in Descartes; Appendix: Abbreviations; Bibliography; General Index

It has been acknowledged that, while Descartes's usage of the term "a priori" is at odds with the now-current Kantian meaning, it also fails to correspond to the standard Aristotelian notion. However, there is, as yet, little agreement as to the exact positive meaning Descartes associates with the term. As such, this book offers a clear and historically adequate account of this disputed issue. Descartes's concept of apriority is interpreted as resulting from an interplay of two trends: development of a universal method of discovery based upon Descartes's ground-breaking reinterpretation of heuristic procedures in mathematics, and a substantial transformation of the Renaissance-Aristotelian conception of scientific reasoning. This interpretation stems from a fresh and innovative account of some central and controversial topics of Descartes scholarship and from a historically-informed outline of the situation in mathematics and in philosophy of science in Descartes's times. The book will thus contribute to a better understanding of several fundamental issues in the philosopher's thought. It will also help to shed light upon the challenging and strangely neglected question of why Kant decided to employ the term "a priori" in a way which differs so dramatically from the once well-established Aristotelian usage.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• Introduction
• 1. Epistemic Evaluation
• 2. Characterizing the A Priori
• 3. A Priori Through Innateness
• 4. Against Rationalism
• 5. A Theory of the A Priori
• 6. Challenge Cases
• 7. Defending Robust A Priori
• 8. A Priori in the Epistemological Joints
• 9. The Nature of Epistemology
• References.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The distinction between the a priori and the a posteriori is an old and influential one. But both the distinction itself and the crucial notion of a priori knowledge face powerful philosophical challenges. Many philosophers worry that accepting the a priori is tantamount to accepting epistemic magic. In contrast, this Element argues that the a priori can be formulated clearly, made respectable, and used to do important epistemological work. The author's conception of the a priori and its role falls short of what some historical proponents of the notion may have hoped for, but it allows us to accept and use the notion without abandoning either naturalism or empiricism, broadly understood. This Element argues that we can accept and use the a priori without magic.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

"The distinction between the a priori and the a posteriori is an old and influential one. But both the distinction itself and the crucial notion of a priori knowledge face powerful philosophical challenges. Many philosophers worry that accepting the a priori is tantamount to accepting epistemic magic. In contract, this Element argues that the a priori can be formulated clearly, made respectable, and used to do important epistemological work. The author's conception of the a priori and its role falls short of what some historical proponents of the notion may have hoped for, but it allows us to accept and use the notion without abandoning either naturalism or empiricism, broadly understood. This Element argues that we can accept and use the a priori without magic"-- Provided by publisher