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• Theoretical and manipulative abduction conjectures and manipulations : the extra-theoretical dimension of scientific discovery
• Non-explanatory and instrumental abduction : plausibility, implausibility, ignorance preservation
• Semiotic brains and artificial minds : how brains make up material cognitive systems
• Neuromultimodal abduction : pre-wired brains, embidiment, neurospaces
• Animal abduction : from mindless organisms to srtifactual mediators
• Abduction, affordances, and cognitive niches : sharing representations and creating chances through cognitive niche construction
• Abduction in human and logical agents : hasty generalizers, hybrid abducers, fallacies
• Morphodynamical abduction : causation of hypotheses by attractors dynamics.

This volume explores abductive cognition, an important but, at least until the third quarter of the last century, neglected topic in cognition. The book aims at increasing knowledge about creative and expert inferences. The study of these high-levelmethods of abductive reasoning is situated at the crossroads of philosophy, logic, epistemology, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, cognitive psychology, animal cognition and evolutionary theories; that is, at the heart of cognitive science. Philosophers of science in the twentieth century have traditionally distinguished between the inferential processes active in the logic of discovery and the ones active in the logic of justification. Most have concluded that no logic of creative processes exists and, moreover, that a rational model of discovery is impossible. In short, scientific creative inferences are irrational and there is no?reasoning? to hypotheses. On the other hand, some research in the area of artificial intelligence has shown that methods for discovery could be found that are computationally adequate for rediscovering - or discovering for the first time - empirical or theoretical laws and theorems.

• Introduction
• 1. Conceptual analysis of abduction: what is abduction?
• 2. Knowledge-based systems and the science of AI: 3. Two RED systems
• 4. Generalizing the control strategy
• 5. More kinds of knowledge: TIPS and PATHEX/LIVER TIPS
• 6. Better task analysis, better strategy
• 7. Computational complexity of abduction
• 8. Diagnostic systems MDX2 and QUADS
• 9. Practical abduction
• 10. Perception and language understanding
• Appendices.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book is about abduction, 'the logic of Sherlock Holmes', and about how some kinds of abductive reasoning can be programmed in a computer. The work brings together Artificial Intelligence and philosophy of science and is rich with implications for other areas such as, psychology, medical informatics, and linguistics. It also has subtle implications for evidence evaluation in areas such as accident investigation, confirmation of scientific theories, law, diagnosis, and financial auditing. The book is about certainty and the logico-computational foundations of knowledge; it is about inference in perception, reasoning strategies, and building expert systems.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• 1. Conceptual analysis of abduction: what is abduction?
• 2. Knowledge-based systems and the science of AI: 3. Two RED systems
• 4. Generalizing the control strategy
• 5. More kinds of knowledge: TIPS and PATHEX/LIVER TIPS
• 6. Better task analysis, better strategy
• 7. Computational complexity of abduction
• 8. Diagnostic systems MDX2 and QUADS
• 9. Practical abduction
• 10. Perception and language understanding
• Appendices.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book is about abduction, 'the logic of Sherlock Holmes', and about how some kinds of abductive reasoning can be programmed in a computer. The work brings together Artificial Intelligence and philosophy of science and is rich with implications for other areas such as, psychology, medical informatics, and linguistics. It also has subtle implications for evidence evaluation in areas such as accident investigation, confirmation of scientific theories, law, diagnosis, and financial auditing. The book is about certainty and the logico-computational foundations of knowledge; it is about inference in perception, reasoning strategies, and building expert systems.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book examines three areas in which abductive reasoning is especially important: medicine, science, and law. The reader is introduced to abduction and shown how it has evolved historically into the framework of conventional wisdom in logic. Discussions draw upon recent techniques used in artificial intelligence, particularly in the areas of multi-agent systems and plan recognition, to develop a dialogue model of explanation. Cases of causal explanations in law are analyzed using abductive reasoning, and all the components are finally brought together to build a new account of abductive reasoning. By clarifying the notion of abduction as a common and significant type of reasoning in everyday argumentation, 'Abductive Reasoning' will be useful to scholars and students in many fields, including argumentation, computing and artificial intelligence, psychology and cognitive science, law, philosophy, linguistics and speech communication and rhetoric.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Abductive, presumptive, and plausible arguments
• A dialogue model of explanation
• A procedural model of rationality
• Defeasible modus ponens arguments
• Abductive causal reasoning
• Query-driven abductive reasoning
• Unsolved problems of abduction.

This book examines three areas in which abductive reasoning is especially important: medicine, science, and law. The reader is introduced to abduction and shown how it has evolved historically into the framework of conventional wisdom in logic. Discussions draw upon recent techniques used in artificial intelligence, particularly in the areas of multi-agent systems and plan recognition, to develop a dialogue model of explanation. Cases of causal explanations in law are analyzed using abductive reasoning, and all the components are finally brought together to build a new account of abductive reasoning. By clarifying the notion of abduction as a common and significant type of reasoning in everyday argumentation, 'Abductive Reasoning' will be useful to scholars and students in many fields, including argumentation, computing and artificial intelligence, psychology and cognitive science, law, philosophy, linguistics and speech communication and rhetoric.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Foreword. Part I: Conceptual Framework.
• 1. LOGICS OF GENERATION AND EVALUATION. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Heuristics: A Legacy of the Greeks. 1.3 Is there a Logic of Discovery? 1.4 Karl Popper and Herbert Simon. 1.5 Logics for Scientific Methodology. 1.6 Discussion and Conclusions.
• 2. WHAT IS ABDUCTION? 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 What is Abduction? 2.3 The Founding Father: C.S. Peirce. 2.4 Philosophy of Science. 2.5 Artificial Intelligence. 2.6 Further Fields of Application. 2.7 A Taxonomy for Abduction. Part II: Logical Foundations.
• 3. ABDUCTION AS LOGICAL INFERENCE. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Logic: The Problem of Demarcation. 3.3 Abductive Explanatory Argument: A Logical Inference. 3.4 Abductive Explanatory Inference: Structural Characterization. 3.5 Discussion and Conclusions.
• 4. ABDUCTION AS COMPUTATION. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Semantic Tableaux. 4.3 Abductive Semantic Tableaux. 4.4 Computing Abductions with Tableaux. 4.5 Further Logical and Computational Issues. 4.6 Discussion and Conclusions. Part III: Applications.
• 5. SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Scientific Explanation as Abduction. 5.3 Discussion and Conclusions.
• 6. EMPIRICAL PROGRESS. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Kuipers' Empirical Progress. 6.3 Empirical Progress in (Abductive) Semantic Tableaux. 6.4 Discussion and Conclusions.
• 7. ABDUCTION AND PRAGMATISM IN PEIRCE. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Abduction and Epistemology. 7.3 Abduction and Pragmatism. 7.4 Discussion and Conclusions.
• 8. EPISTEMIC CHANGE. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Abduction as Epistemic Change. 8.3 Semantic Tableaux Revisited. 8.4 Discussion and Conclusions. References. Author Index. Topic Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Abductive Reasoning: Logical Investigations into Discovery and Explanation is a much awaited original contribution to the study of abductive reasoning, providing logical foundations and a rich sample of pertinent applications. Divided into three parts on the conceptual framework, the logical foundations, and the applications, this monograph takes the reader for a comprehensive and erudite tour through the taxonomy of abductive reasoning, via the logical workings of abductive inference ending with applications pertinent to scientific explanation, empirical progress, pragmatism and belief revision.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Foreword. Part I: Conceptual Framework.
• 1. LOGICS OF GENERATION AND EVALUATION. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Heuristics: A Legacy of the Greeks. 1.3 Is there a Logic of Discovery? 1.4 Karl Popper and Herbert Simon. 1.5 Logics for Scientific Methodology. 1.6 Discussion and Conclusions.
• 2. WHAT IS ABDUCTION? 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 What is Abduction? 2.3 The Founding Father: C.S. Peirce. 2.4 Philosophy of Science. 2.5 Artificial Intelligence. 2.6 Further Fields of Application. 2.7 A Taxonomy for Abduction. Part II: Logical Foundations.
• 3. ABDUCTION AS LOGICAL INFERENCE. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Logic: The Problem of Demarcation. 3.3 Abductive Explanatory Argument: A Logical Inference. 3.4 Abductive Explanatory Inference: Structural Characterization. 3.5 Discussion and Conclusions.
• 4. ABDUCTION AS COMPUTATION. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Semantic Tableaux. 4.3 Abductive Semantic Tableaux. 4.4 Computing Abductions with Tableaux. 4.5 Further Logical and Computational Issues. 4.6 Discussion and Conclusions. Part III: Applications.
• 5. SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Scientific Explanation as Abduction. 5.3 Discussion and Conclusions.
• 6. EMPIRICAL PROGRESS. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Kuipers' Empirical Progress. 6.3 Empirical Progress in (Abductive) Semantic Tableaux. 6.4 Discussion and Conclusions.
• 7. ABDUCTION AND PRAGMATISM IN PEIRCE. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Abduction and Epistemology. 7.3 Abduction and Pragmatism. 7.4 Discussion and Conclusions.
• 8. EPISTEMIC CHANGE. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Abduction as Epistemic Change. 8.3 Semantic Tableaux Revisited. 8.4 Discussion and Conclusions. References. Author Index. Topic Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Abductive Reasoning: Logical Investigations into Discovery and Explanation is a much awaited original contribution to the study of abductive reasoning, providing logical foundations and a rich sample of pertinent applications. Divided into three parts on the conceptual framework, the logical foundations, and the applications, this monograph takes the reader for a comprehensive and erudite tour through the taxonomy of abductive reasoning, via the logical workings of abductive inference ending with applications pertinent to scientific explanation, empirical progress, pragmatism and belief revision.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Why do we need a theory of acceptability?
• 2. Acceptability and presumption
• 3. Factors determining presumption : basic considerations
• 4. Epistemological considerations : acceptability, deontology, internalism, justification
• 5. What types of statements are there?
• 6. Necessary statements and A Priori intuition
• 7. Descriptions and their belief-generating mechanisms
• 8. Interpretations and their modes of intuition
• 9. Evaluations and the moral faculties
• 10. Taking one's word : the interpersonal belief-generating mechanism
• 11. An outline of the practice of epistemic casuistry
• 12. Theoretical considerations : a commonsense foundationalism.

When, if ever, is one justified in accepting the premises of an argument? What is the proper criterion of premise acceptability? Can the criterion be theoretically or philosophically justified? This is the first book to provide a comprehensive theory of premise acceptability and it answers the questions above from an epistemological approach that the author calls common sense foundationalism. It will be eagerly sought out not just by specialists in informal logic, critical thinking, and argumentation theory but also by a broader range of philosophers and those teaching rhetoric.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part I. Acceptability: Dialectical and Epistemological Considerations: 1. Why do we need a theory of acceptability?
• 2. Acceptability and presumption
• 3. Factors determining presumption: basic considerations
• 4. Epistemological considerations: acceptability, deontology, internalism, justification
• Part II. Statements, Belief-Generating Mechanisms, and Presumptive Reliability: 5. What types of statements are there?
• 6. Necessary statements and a priori intuition
• 7. Descriptions and their belief-generating mechanisms
• 8. Interpretations and their modes of intuition
• 9. Evaluations and the moral faculties
• 10. Taking one's word: the interpersonal belief-generating mechanism
• Part III. Practice and Perspective: 11. An outline of the practice of epistemic causistry
• 12. Theoretical considerations: a common sense foundationalism.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

When, if ever, is one justified in accepting the premises of an argument? What is the proper criterion of premise acceptability? Can the criterion be theoretically or philosophically justified? This is the first book to provide a comprehensive theory of premise acceptability and it answers the questions above from an epistemological approach that the author calls common sense foundationalism. It will be eagerly sought out not just by specialists in informal logic, critical thinking, and argumentation theory but also by a broader range of philosophers and those teaching rhetoric.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part I. Acceptability: Dialectical and Epistemological Considerations: 1. Why do we need a theory of acceptability?
• 2. Acceptability and presumption
• 3. Factors determining presumption: basic considerations
• 4. Epistemological considerations: acceptability, deontology, internalism, justification
• Part II. Statements, Belief-Generating Mechanisms, and Presumptive Reliability: 5. What types of statements are there?
• 6. Necessary statements and a priori intuition
• 7. Descriptions and their belief-generating mechanisms
• 8. Interpretations and their modes of intuition
• 9. Evaluations and the moral faculties
• 10. Taking one's word: the interpersonal belief-generating mechanism
• Part III. Practice and Perspective: 11. An outline of the practice of epistemic causistry
• 12. Theoretical considerations: a common sense foundationalism.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

When, if ever, is one justified in accepting the premises of an argument? What is the proper criterion of premise acceptability? Can the criterion be theoretically or philosophically justified? This is the first book to provide a comprehensive theory of premise acceptability and it answers the questions above from an epistemological approach that the author calls common sense foundationalism. It will be eagerly sought out not just by specialists in informal logic, critical thinking, and argumentation theory but also by a broader range of philosophers and those teaching rhetoric.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: The Case for Rhetorical Argumentation
• Models of Argumentation
• Product, Procedure, and Process
• Habermas's Challenge
• The Case for the Rhetorical
• Origins in the Rhetoric
• Rhetorical Argument: Enthymeme
• Rhetorical Argumentation
• Contemporary Views
• Outline of the Study
• Argument as Product: The Logical Perspective
• Formal Logic and the Classical Root
• The Toulmin Transition
• Informal Logic
• Problems of the Product-oriented Perspective
• Rhetoric and Logic
• Argumentation as Dialectical
• Outline of the Pragma-Dialectical Approach
• Misunderstandings and Qualifications
• Pragma-Dialectics and Fallacies
• Walton's Functional Account
• A Critical Evaluation
• Rhetorical Elements: Audiences, Readers, and Third Parties
• Contexts and Argument: An Introduction to the Rhetorical Perspective
• The New Rhetoric
• Emotion and Argumentation
• Context
• Audiences
• The Universal Audience
• Audiences and the Conditions for Adherence
• Perelman's Relativism
• Relevance and Cognitive Environments
• Acceptability
• Blair and Johnson's Community of Model Interlocutors
• The Universal Audience Again
• Preliminary Examples
• Case Studies in Rhetorical Argumentation
• Case A Clear Thinking on Shell Oil, Nigeria and the Death of Ken Saro-Wiwa
• Arguer and Audiences
• Mode of Expression
• Dialectical Obligations
• The Logical Structure
• The Reasonableness of the Argumentation
• Case B Personality, Testimony, and Holocaust Denial
• The Initial Text.

"The revival of argumentation theory in the past few decades has focused on its logical and dialectical dimensions, with less attention paid to rhetorical features. This book explores and then redresses this imbalance. Tindale examines important logical and dialectical innovations in recent argumentation theory and shows that they depend implicitly upon rhetorical features of argument that have been suppressed in the account. This is illustrated using two extended case studies, one looking at Shell International's defense of its actions in Nigeria after the death of Ken Saro-Wiwa, and the other exploring the uses of character-based argument and testimony in a Holocaust-denial text and legal trial."--Jacket

• The Standard Format of Adaptive Logics
• Sequential Combinations of ALs
• On the Transparency of Defeasible Logics: Equivalent Premise Sets, Equivalence of Their Extensions, and Maximality of the Lower Limit
• Generalizing the Standard Format
• Adaptively Applying Modus Ponens in Conditional Logics of Normality
• An Adaptive Logic for Rational Closure
• Towards the Proof-Theoretic Unification of Dungs Argumentation Framework: An Adaptive Logic Approach
• Allowing for Joint Attacks
• Avoiding Deontic Explosion by Contextually Restricting Modal Inheritance
• An Adaptive Logic Framework for Conditional Obligations and Deontic Dilemmas
• A Deontic Logic Framework Allowing for Factual Detachment.

This book presents adaptive logics as an intuitive and powerful framework for modeling defeasible reasoning. It examines various contexts in which defeasible reasoning is useful and offers a compact introduction into adaptive logics. The author first familiarizes readers with defeasible reasoning, the adaptive logics framework, combinations of adaptive logics, and a range of useful meta-theoretic properties. He then offers a systematic study of adaptive logics based on various applications. The book presents formal models for defeasible reasoning stemming from different contexts, such as default reasoning, argumentation, and normative reasoning. It highlights various meta-theoretic advantages of adaptive logics over other logics or logical frameworks that model defeasible reasoning. In this way the book substantiates the status of adaptive logics as a generic formal framework for defeasible reasoning.