%{search_type} search results

• Introduction
• Ways of searching the web
• How search engines capture and process content from the web
• User interaction with search engine
• Ranking search results
• Vertical search
• Search result presentation
• The search engine market
• Search engine optimization (SEO)
• Search engine advertising (SEA)
• Alternatives to google
• Search skills
• Search result quality
• The deep web
• Search engines between bias and neutrality
• The future of search.

"This book provides a broad introduction to search engines by integrating five different perspectives on Web search and search engines that are usually dealt with separately: the technical perspective, the user perspective, the internet-based research perspective, the economic perspective, and the societal perspective. After a general introduction to the topic, two foundational chapters present how search tools can cover the Webs content and how search engines achieve this by crawling and processing the found documents. The next chapter on user behavior covers how people phrase their search queries and interact with search engines. This knowledge builds the foundation for describing how results are ranked and presented. The following three chapters then deal with the economic side of search engines, i.e., Google and the search engine market, search engine optimization (SEO), and the intermingling of organic and sponsored search results. Next, the chapter on search skills presents techniques for improving searches through advanced search interfaces and commands. Following that, the Deep Web and how its content can be accessed is explained. The two subsequent chapters cover ways to improve the quality of search results, while the next chapter describes how to access the Deep Web. Last but not least, the following chapter deals with the societal role of search engines before the final chapter concludes the book with an outlook on the future of Web search. With this book, students and professionals in disciplines like computer science, online marketing, or library and information science will learn how search engines work, what their main shortcomings are at present, and what prospects there are for their further development. The different views presented will help them to understand not only the basic technologies but also the implications the current implementations have concerning economic exploitation and societal impact"-- Provided by publisher.

• 1 Information Technology and the Human Image
• 2 Cognitive Information and Knowledge Processing
• 3 Externalization and Reception of Information
• 4 Elements of Informational Literacy
• 5 Informational Literacy in Action
• 6 Informational Literacy as Lived Informational Autonomy
• 7 Informational Autonomy at Risk
• 8 Closure.

"Information literacy and autonomy have become key values for the image of man in a society that is increasingly shaped by digitalization and artificial intelligence. The purpose of this book is to describe abstraction, analogy, inference, plausibility and creativity as basic skills of cognitive information processing and prerequisites for autonomous informational action."--Publisher's webstie.

Territory is shifting. No longer defined by the dotted line of the border or the national footprint of soil, today's territories are enacted through data infrastructures. From subsea cables to server halls, these infrastructures underpin new forms of governance, shaping subjects and their everyday lives. Technical Territories moves from masked protestors in Hong Kong to asylum-seekers in Christmas Island and sand miners in Singapore, exploring how these territories are both political and visceral, altering the experience of their inhabitants. Infrastructures have now become geopolitical, strategic investments that advance national visions, extend influence, and trigger trade wars. Yet at the same time, these technologies also challenge sovereignty as a bounded container, enacting a more distributed and decoupled form of governance. Such "technical territories" construct new zones where subjects are assembled, rights are undermined, labor is coordinated, and capital is extracted. The stable line of the border is replaced by more fluid configurations of power. Luke Munn stages an interdisciplinary intervention over six chapters, drawing upon a wide range of literature from technical documents and activist accounts, and bringing insights from media studies, migration studies, political theory, and cultural and social studies to bear on these new sociotechnical conditions.

• A Study on Accuracy, Miscalibration, and Popularity Bias in Recommendations
• Measuring Bias in Multimodal Models: Multimodal Composite Association Score
• Evaluating Fairness Metrics
• Utilizing Implicit Feedback for User Mainstreaminess Evaluation and Bias Detection in Recommender Systems
• Preserving Utility in Fair Top-k Ranking with Intersectional Bias
• Mitigating Position Bias in Hotels Recommender Systems
• Improving Recommender System Diversity with Variational Autoencoders
• Addressing Biases in the Texts using an End-to-End Pipeline Approach
• Bootless Application of Greedy Re-ranking Algorithms in Fair Neural Team Formation
• How do you feel? Information Retrieval in Psychotherapy and Fair Ranking Assessment
• Understanding Search Behavior Bias in Wikipedia
• Do you MIND? Reflections on the MIND dataset for research on diversity in news recommendations
• Detecting and Measuring Social Bias of Arabic Generative Models in the Context of Search and Recommendation
• What are we missing in algorithmic fairness? Discussing open challenges for fairness analysis in user profiling with Graph Neural Networks

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Algorithmic Bias in Search and Recommendation, BIAS 2023, held in Dublin, Ireland, in April 2023. The 10 full papers and 4 short papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 36 submissions. The present recent research in the following topics: biases exploration and assessment; mitigation strategies against biases; biases in newly emerging domains of application, including healthcare, Wikipedia, and news, novel perspectives; and conceptualizations of biases in the context of generative models and graph neural networks

• Introduction
• Belkin Model
• Ingwersen Model
• Ellis Model
• Kuhlthau Model
• Wilson Model
• Dervin Model
• Byström Model
• Cruz Model
• References
• Index.

"In our lives, we need information continuously to carry out tasks of any kind (personal, academic, and professional). Depending on the context in which we find ourselves and the time available to carry out the task, emotions such as uncertainty and stress can present in the search process. But the important thing is that when we know the search process, the uncertainty and stress are minimized. In this context, the author investigates existing studies on the search and retrieval of information from the user's perspective. The study turned out to be very complex for two reasons: 1. Scientific literature is widely dispersed in different articles and academic books, even if it was the same search and information retrieval model. 2. Sources are not accessible to all people. As a consequence, the author plans to disseminate the results of this research with the aim of facilitating knowledge and understanding of anyone interested in entering the information search and retrieval process. With the collaboration of Nova Science Publishers, we find ourselves before an affordable, simple, and manageable book. Chapters 1 to 7 outline the search and information retrieval models of the following authors: Belkin, Ingwersen, Ellis, Kuhlthau, Wilson, Dervin, and Byström. In Chapter 8, the author presents her own model for searching and retrieving information. This model is formed by some elements previously seen from the other authors, but also by other novel ones such as the organisation. This is due to the fact that some of the tasks carried out with greater frequency and complexity are those that intervene in our professional tasks, in which scientific studies confirm that an effective organisation cannot be conceived without efficient information management"-- Provided by publisher.

• Intro
• Title page
• Contents
• Introduction
• Accountancy
• Acronyms and abbreviations
• African studies
• Anthropology
• Archives
• Art and design
• Asian studies
• Banks and banking
• Biographical information
• Biology
• Book reviews
• Business studies
• Careers and employability
• Charities and non-profit organisations
• Chemistry
• Citing, referencing and plagiarism
• Classical studies
• Company information
• Computer science
• Copyright
• Country information
• Courses and qualifications
• Criminology and criminal justice
• Current awareness tools

• Data visualisation
• Development studies
• Dictionaries and encyclopedias
• Disabled students
• Doctoral students and early career researchers
• E-books
• East European and Russian studies
• Economics
• Economic history
• Education
• Electronic journals
• Engineering
• English literature
• Environment
• European Union
• Films, documentaries and TV programmes
• Food science and agriculture
• Freedom of information requests
• Geography
• Government and parliamentary publications
• Grants and funding
• Grey literature
• Higher education
• History
• Human rights

• Images and photographs
• Impact measurement
• Information literacy
• International organisations
• International security
• International students
• Internet searching
• Journal articles
• Latin American studies
• Law
• Legislation
• LGBT+ studies
• Library catalogues
• Literature searching
• Management
• Maps
• Marketing
• Mathematics
• Media and film studies
• Medicine and nursing
• Middle East studies
• Modern languages
• Music
• News resources
• Opinion polls and surveys
• Philosophy
• Physics
• Political science
• Population and demography

• Professional associations and trade unions
• Project management
• Psychology
• Publishing
• Reference management tools
• Religious studies and theology
• Research data management
• Research methods
• Social policy
• Sociology
• Speeches and quotations
• Sports studies
• Standards
• Statistical data
• Study skills
• Systematic reviews
• Text and data mining
• Theatre, drama and performing arts
• Theses and dissertations
• Tourism and hospitality
• Treaties
• United Nations
• Women's studies
• Index

A-Z Common Reference Questions for Academic Librarians is a survival guide for frontline library staff to help them find appropriate information quickly, whether they are answering questions at a physical help desk or remotely by telephone, email or instant messaging service.

This book presents site descriptions and links to thousands of different Web sites, including e-commerce, usability, and "best" icons to give you additional information

• The policy and institutional framework / James L. Mullins
• Data governance : where technology and policy collide / MacKenzie Smith
• The use of life cycle models in developing and supporting data services / Jake Carlson
• Data management assessment and planning tools / Andrew Sallans and Sherry Lake
• Trustworthy data repositories : the value and benefits of auditing and certification / Bernard R. Reilly, Jr., and Marie E. Waltz
• Copyright, open data, and the availability-usability gap : challenges, opportunities, and approaches for libraries / Melissa Levine
• Metadata services / Jenn Riley
• Data citation : principles and practice / Jan Brase [and 5 others]
• Assimilating digital repositories into the active research process / Tyler Walters
• Partnering to curate and archive social science data / Jared Lyle, George Alter, and Ann Green
• Managing and archiving research data : local repository and cloud-based practices / Michele Kimpton and Carol Minton Morris
• Chronopolis repository services / David Minor, Brian E.C. Schottlaender, and Ardys Kozbial
• Evaluating a complex project : DataOne / Suzie Allard
• What to measure? : toward metrics for research data management / Angus Whyte [and 3 others]
• An institutional perspective on data curation services : a view from Cornell University / Gail Steinhart
• Purdue University Research Repository : collaborations in data management / D. Scott Brandt
• Data curation for the humanities : perspectives from Rice University / Geneva Henry
• Developing data management services for researchers at the University of Oregon / Brian Westra
• The next generation of challenges in the curation of scholarly data / Clifford Lynch.

"It has become increasingly accepted that important digital data must be retained and shared in order to preserve and promote knowledge, advance research in and across all disciplines of scholarly endeavor, and maximize the return on investment of public funds. To meet this challenge, colleges and universities are adding data services to existing infrastructures by drawing on the expertise of information professionals who are already involved in the acquisition, management and preservation of data in their daily jobs. Data services include planning and implementing good data management practices, thereby increasing researchers' ability to compete for grant funding and ensuring that data collections with continuing value are preserved for reuse. This volume provides a framework to guide information professionals in academic libraries, presses, and data centers through the process of managing research data from the planning stages through the life of a grant project and beyond. It illustrates principles of good practice with use-case examples and illuminates promising data service models through case studies of innovative, successful projects and collaborations"-- Provided by publisher

• Why we fact-check
• What we fact-check
• How we fact-check
• Checking different types of facts
• Sourcing
• Record keeping
• Test your skills
• Conclusion

• Part I. Real life research
• Research and the brain
• Empowering students
• When meaning drives instruction
• Writing as part of the maker movement
• Library journals
• Research methodology
• Teaching students to be critical evaluators of information
• The presentation
• Part II. Lesson plans.

This book shows how to teach elementary students to locate reliable information, evaluate sources, develop their writing skills in the classroom and in the library, evaluate information, and collect it from credible sources. It explains how to incorporate writing into your makerspace, encourage curiosity through the inquiry process, help students find their voice, and support writing and prewriting for digital media. Includes lesson plans, student samples, and activities.

• Part 1: Digital repository functionality
• Digital repositories and discoverability: Definitions and typology / George Macgregor
• Understanding repository functionality and structure / Sharon Farnel
• Understanding the role of metadata in a digital repository / Jenn Riley
• Understanding linked data and the potential for enhanced discoverability / Anna Neatrour, Teresa K. Hebron
• User search behavior in digital repositories / Oksana L. Zavalina, Mary Burke
• Part 2: Case studies in visibility and discoverability outside the digital repository
• Discoverability within the library: Integrated systems and discovery layers / JoLinda Thompson, Sara Hoover
• Discoverability beyond the library: Wikipedia / Elizabeth Joan Kelly
• Discoverability and search engine visibility of repository platforms / Danping Dong, Chee Hsien Aaron Tay

Berlin State Library Digital Collections is where you will find digitized copies of books, manuscripts, music and other media that are physically held by the Berlin State Library. The database contains more than 200,000 digitized items, including dozens of premodern manuscripts and printed works in Arabic, Persian, and Ottoman Turkish as well as German, Latin, Hebrew, and East Asian languages

• Intro
• Foreword
• References
• Preface
• Contents
• Acronyms
• Part I: Foundation
• Chapter 1: Introduction
• 1.1 Background
• 1.2 Book Structure
• References
• Chapter 2: Formally Modeling Users in Information Retrieval
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Basic Click Models
• 2.3 Advanced Click Models
• 2.4 Clicks and Examinations in Multi-query Search Sessions
• 2.5 Incorporating Users into Click Models
• 2.6 User Models and IR Evaluation Metrics
• 2.7 Summary
• References
• Chapter 3: From Rational Agent to Human with Bounded Rationality
• 3.1 Background

• 3.2 Gaps Between Biased Users and Formal User Models
• 3.3 Hidden Problems Behind Metric-Bias Gaps
• 3.4 Preliminary Bias-Aware Interactive User Modeling and Evaluation Framework
• 3.5 Summary
• References
• Part II: Beyond Rational Agents
• Chapter 4: Bounded Rationality in Decision-Making Under Uncertainty
• 4.1 Background
• 4.2 Two Systems of Human Cognition: Which One Are We Using?
• 4.3 Reference Dependence
• 4.4 Loss Aversion, Endowment Effect, and Status Quo Bias
• 4.5 Expectation (Dis)confirmation Theory
• 4.6 Framing Effect, Confirmation Bias, and Anchoring Bias

• 4.7 Decoy Effect
• 4.8 Peak-End Rule, Recency Effect, and Remembered Utility
• 4.9 Other Biases and Heuristics in Decision-Making Under Uncertainty
• 4.10 Summary
• References
• Chapter 5: Back to the Fundamentals: Extend the Rational Assumptions
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Pre-search Stage
• 5.3 Within-Search Stage
• 5.4 Post-search Stage
• 5.5 Summary
• References
• Part III: Toward a Behavioral Economics Approach
• Chapter 6: Behavioral Economics in IR
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 From Rational Agents to Boundedly Rational Decision Makers
• 6.3 Pre-search Stage

• 6.4 Within-Search Stage
• 6.5 Post-search Stage
• 6.6 Behavioral Economics and Recommender Systems
• 6.7 Summary
• References
• Chapter 7: Implications and New Directions for IR Research and Practices
• 7.1 Background
• 7.2 Characterizing Bounded Rationality in IR
• 7.3 Development of Bias-Aware Interactive Search Systems
• 7.4 Bias in Multiple Forms and Modalities of Search Interactions
• 7.5 Bias-Aware Evaluation and FATE in IR
• 7.6 Summary
• References
• Chapter 8: Conclusion
• References
• Glossary

This book brings together the insights from three different areas, Information Seeking and Retrieval, Cognitive Psychology, and Behavioral Economics, and shows how this new interdisciplinary approach can advance our knowledge about users interacting with diverse search systems, especially their seemingly irrational decisions and anomalies that could not be predicted by most normative models.

• Intro
• Preface
• Contents
• 1: Introduction
• 1.1 The Importance of Search Engines
• 1.2 A Book About Google?
• 1.3 Objective of This Book
• 1.4 Talking About Search Engines
• 1.5 Structure of This Book
• 1.6 Structure of the Chapters and Markings in the Text
• 1.7 Summary
• References
• 2: Ways of Searching the Web
• 2.1 Searching for a Website vs. Searching for Information on a Topic
• Is Searching the Web Like Looking for a Needle in a Haystack?
• 2.2 What Is a Document?
• 2.3 Where Do People Search?
• 2.4 Different Pathways to Information on the World Wide Web

• 2.4.1 Search Engines
• The Concept of the Algorithmic Search Engine in the 1990s
• 2.4.2 Vertical Search Engines
• Examples of Vertical Search Engines
• 2.4.3 Metasearch Engines
• 2.4.4 Web Directories
• 2.4.5 Social Bookmarking Sites
• 2.4.6 Question-Answering Sites
• 2.4.7 Social Networking Sites
• 2.5 Summary
• Further Reading
• References
• 3: How Search Engines Capture and Process Content from the Web
• Is YouTube a Search Engine?
• Why Do Search Engines Only Search a Copy of the Web and Not the Web Itself?
• 3.1 The World Wide Web and How Search Engines Acquire Its Contents

• Which Pages of a Blog Are Documents?
• 3.2 Content Acquisition
• 3.3 Web Crawling: Finding Documents on the Web
• What Information Can a Crawler ``See?́́
• When Was the Last Time a Search Engine Visited a Document?
• 3.3.1 Guiding and Excluding Search Engines
• 3.3.2 Content Exclusion by Search Engine Providers
• 3.3.3 Building the Database and Crawling for Vertical Collections
• 3.4 The Indexer: Preprocessing Documents for Searching
• 3.4.1 Indexing Images, Audio, and Video Files
• 3.4.2 The Representation of Web Documents in Search Engines

• How Can Information from the Anchor Texts Help with Searching?
• 3.5 The Searcher: Understanding Queries
• 3.6 Summary
• Further Reading
• References
• 4: User Interaction with Search Engines
• 4.1 The Search Process
• 4.2 Collecting Usage Data
• 4.3 Query Types
• 4.4 Sessions
• 4.5 Queries
• 4.5.1 Entering Queries
• 4.5.2 Autocomplete Suggestions
• 4.5.3 Query Formulation
• 4.5.4 Query Length
• 4.5.5 Distribution of Queries by Frequency
• How Often Are Particular Queries Made?
• 4.5.6 Query Trends
• 4.5.7 Using Operators and Commands for Specific Searches
• 4.6 Search Topics

• 4.7 Summary
• Further Reading
• References
• 5: Ranking Search Results
• What Should Be Counted as a Ranking Factor?
• 5.1 Groups of Ranking Factors
• 5.2 Text Statistics
• 5.2.1 Identifying Potentially Relevant Documents
• 5.2.2 Calculating Frequencies
• 5.2.3 Considering the Structural Elements of Documents
• 5.3 Popularity
• 5.3.1 Link-Based Rankings
• 5.3.1.1 PageRank
• 5.3.1.2 Development of Link-Based Rankings
• 5.3.2 Usage Statistics
• 5.3.2.1 Analyzing Clicks on Search Engine Result Pages
• 5.3.2.2 Collecting Data for Usage Statistics

This book provides a broad introduction to search engines by integrating five different perspectives on Web search and search engines that are usually dealt with separately: the technical perspective, the user perspective, the internet-based research perspective, the economic perspective, and the societal perspective. After a general introduction to the topic, two foundational chapters present how search tools can cover the Webs content and how search engines achieve this by crawling and processing the found documents. The next chapter on user behavior covers how people phrase their search queries and interact with search engines. This knowledge builds the foundation for describing how results are ranked and presented. The following three chapters then deal with the economic side of search engines, i.e., Google and the search engine market, search engine optimization (SEO), and the intermingling of organic and sponsored search results. Next, the chapter on search skills presents techniques for improving searches through advanced search interfaces and commands. Following that, the Deep Web and how its content can be accessed is explained. The two subsequent chapters cover ways to improve the quality of search results, while the next chapter describes how to access the Deep Web. Last but not least, the following chapter deals with the societal role of search engines before the final chapter concludes the book with an outlook on the future of Web search. With this book, students and professionals in disciplines like computer science, online marketing, or library and information science will learn how search engines work, what their main shortcomings are at present, and what prospects there are for their further development. The different views presented will help them to understand not only the basic technologies but also the implications the current implementations have concerning economic exploitation and societal impact.

• Introduction: Investigating Google's Search Engine 1.0 Google's Dominance
• 2.0 The Three Steps of How Search Engines Work: Crawling, Ranking, and Query Results
• 1.1 Step One: Crawling
• 1.2. Step Two: Ranking 1.3 Step Three: Query Results 3.0 Five Key Challenges of Studying Google's Search Engine
• 3.1: Multiple Actors: Search Engine Optimisation and Economic Incentives 3.2: Moving Targets 3.3: Each Search a Partial Viewpoint 3.4: No Real Alternatives 3.5: The Myth of Black Boxes 4.0 Chapter Outlines 5.0 Notation and Examples Chapter One: Understanding Google Queries and the Problem of Intentions Introduction
• 1.0 Categorising How and What People Search 1.1 The Roles of Search Engines and Information Retrieval's Question of Why 1.2 Query Length and the Problems of Intention 1.3 All Information is Ethical: Searching for [food for snakes] 2.0 Predicting Intentions with a Lack of Information: Plato, Gadamer, and Derrida 2.1 Gadamer's Hermeneutics and Plato's Fears of Deception 2.2 Google's Algorithms and Derrida's Monster 3.0 What Kinds of Things Do People Search Google For? 3.1 Google Trends, Brexit, and "Frantically" Googling after the EU Referendum Conclusion
• Chapter Two: Google's Impact on Cognition and Memory: Histories, Concepts, and Technosocial Practices Introduction 1.0 Google's Impact on the Cognition and Memory 1.1 Metaphors of Recall from Extended Minds to Transactive Memory 2.0 Technosocial Memory Practices from Oral Culture to Digital Literacy 3.0 The Legacy of Naturalised Technologies 3.1 Truth and Knowledge for Plato 3.2 Aristotle's Sensory Approach 4.0 Technosocial Memory Before Google: The Ars Memoria 4.1 The Science and Magic of Search 5.0 Treating the Mind as Technology: Bacon, Hooke, and Modern Psychology Conclusion
• Chapter Three: Autocomplete: Stereotypes, Biases, and Designed Discrimination Introduction 1.0 The Desire for a Digital Oracle 1.1 Autocomplete's Minimal Academic Attention 2.0 The Biases of Autocomplete: Stereotypes and Discrimination 3.0 Predicting and Shaping User Attitudes: The Origins of Autocomplete 3.1 So, How Does Autocomplete Operate? 4.0 Second-Order Stereotyping: Sexist Suggestions for Female Scientists
• 4.1 RankBrain and the Biases of Machine Learning 4.2 Automated Misogyny for Every Individual
• 5.0 Speed 5.1 Speed and Judgment: Time to Reflect Conclusion
• Chapter Four: Google's Search Engine Results: What is a Relevant Result?
• Introduction 1.0 "Quantifiable Signals" and Malawian Witch Doctors 2.0 What Should Search Engine Results Be?
• 2.1 The Idealists: Search Is Democratic, Relevance Can Be Measured Objectively, and Answers Can Exist Independently of Bias 2.2 The Difficulty with Measuring Relevance 2.3 The Contextualists: Search Is Undemocratic, Relevance Is a Measure of Personalisation, and All Answers Are Inherently Biased 2.4 Are Search Results Personalised? 3.0 Methodological Challenges of Studying Search Engines
• 3.1 Particular Considerations for Collecting Search Engine Results 4.0 Variables that Matter: Search Experiments in 2015, 2017, and 2021 4.1 The Rationale Behind Focusing on Same-Sex Sexual Orientation 4.2 Queries Used 4.3 Capturing the Spread of Results from the First Page 4.4 Evaluation Method 5.0 Google's Public Position on How They Provide Results
• 6.0 The Importance of Language and Location in Search Results (2015) 6.1 How Do Variations in Terminology and Phrasing Alter Search Results? 6.2 Unimaginable Communities 7.0 How Search Results Change Throughout Time: 2015, 2017, 2021 7.1 Longitudinal Overview: Official Languages in Each Domain 7.2 Terminology Throughout Time: "Homosexual" vs. "Gay" 6.3 Phrasing Throughout Time: "Good" vs. "Wrong" Conclusion
• Chapter Five: The Real Cost of Search Engines: Digital Advertising, Linguistic Capitalism, and the Rise of Fake News Introduction 1.0 The Economics of Google 2.0 The Context of Post-Fordism 3.0 AdWords: Organic vs. Sponsored Results
• 3.1 AdWords: The Multilingual Linguistic Market and an Economy of Bias
• 3.2 Google's Institutionalisation, Data-Collection, and Advertising
• 3.3 AdWords in the Context of "The Magic System"
• 3.4 AdWords and the General Intellect 4.0 The Economic Profits of Discrimination 5.0 Private Profits and Public Loses 5.1 Google's International Expansion 6.0 AdSense and Post-Fordism: The Cost of Google's Billboards
• 6.1 AdSense and Fake News in the 2016 US Presidential Election
• 6.2 The Reciprocal Relationship Between AdSense and Facebook Conclusion
• Conclusion: What if Search Engines Were Actually Built to Benefit Users?
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

What do search engines do? And what should they do? These questions seem relatively simple but are actually urgent social and ethical issues. The influence of Google's search engine is enormous. It does not only shape how Internet users find pages on the World Wide Web, but how we think as individuals, how we collectively remember the past, and how we communicate with one another. This book explores the impact of search engines within contemporary digital culture, focusing on the social, cultural, and philosophical influence of Google. Using case studies like Google's role in the rise of fake news, instances of sexist and misogynistic Autocomplete suggestions, and search queries relating to LGBTQ+ values, it offers original evidence to intervene practically in existing debates. It also addresses other understudied aspects of Google's influence, including the profound implications of its revenue generation for wider society. In doing this, this important book helps to evaluate the real cost of search engines on an individual and global scale.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Overcoming the limitations of traditional teaching methods with differentiated instruction
• The impact of cultural diversity on learning
• Preparing for differentiated instruction
• Techniques and tools for differentiating content delivery
• Techniques and tools for differentiating process
• Techniques and tools for differentiating product
• Implementing differentiated instruction.

This book helps students from diverse backgrounds and with various learning styles to master the material they learn with these practical examples for librarians teaching higher education information literacy. Cultural influences in students' lives-often tied to aspects of their background such as ethnicity, national origin, socioeconomic status, gender, and religion-play a large role in determining how they learn. Learning styles additionally differ among students, making it difficult to know how to best support all students. This book introduces academic instruction librarians to a differentiated instruction (DI) approach that will help them to offer students a choice of how to engage with course content, assess their understanding of the material, and demonstrate mastery of the material to the instructor, allowing students to actively participate in their education. It explains various instructional techniques used in DI and provides detailed, step-by-step examples for implementing educational technology tools supporting each technique. Accompanying the examples are tips for overcoming known challenges in implementation and best practices for successful adoption of the techniques. Readers will understand how to begin using the most popular types of educational technology tools for academic information literacy instruction. Explains differentiated instruction and its benefits for both teaching and learning Helps readers to understand how students' cultural diversity and different learning styles can affect how they learn Offers quick access to practical examples, tips, and best practices for using several DI tools and techniques that teachers can easily follow to save time and effort and avoid common problems Answers frequently asked questions about implementing DI.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)