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• pt. I. Technology. Robust layered control system for a mobile robot
• Robot that walks: emergent behaviors from a carefully evolved network
• Learning a distributed map representation based on navigation behaviors
• New approaches to robotics. pt. II. Philosophy. Intelligence without representation
• Planning is just a way of avoiding figuring out what to do next
• Elephants don't play chess
• Intelligence without reason.

Until the mid-1980s, AI researchers assumed that an intelligent system doing high-level reasoning was necessary for the coupling of perception and action. In this traditional model, cognition mediates between perception and plans of action. Realizing that this core AI, as it was known, was illusory, Rodney A. Brooks turned the field of AI on its head by introducing the behavior-based approach to robotics. The cornerstone of behavior-based robotics is the realization that the coupling of perception and action gives rise to all the power of intelligence and that cognition is only in the eye of an observer. Behavior-based robotics has been the basis of successful applications in entertainment, service industries, agriculture, mining, and the home. It has given rise to both autonomous mobile robots and more recent humanoid robots such as Brooks' Cog. This book represents Brooks' initial formulation of and contributions to the development of the behavior-based approach to robotics. It presents all of the key philosophical and technical ideas that put this "bottom-up" approach at the forefront of current research in not only AI but all of cognitive science.
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• Introduction Rational Agents Strategic Games Coordination Partial Observability Mechanism Design Learning.
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Multiagent systems is an expanding field that blends classical fields like game theory and decentralized control with modern fields like computer science and machine learning. This monograph provides a concise introduction to the subject, covering the theoretical foundations as well as more recent developments in a coherent and readable manner. The text is centered on the concept of an agent as decision maker. Chapter 1 is a short introduction to the field of multiagent systems. Chapter 2 covers the basic theory of singleagent decision making under uncertainty. Chapter 3 is a brief introduction to game theory, explaining classical concepts like Nash equilibrium. Chapter 4 deals with the fundamental problem of coordinating a team of collaborative agents. Chapter 5 studies the problem of multiagent reasoning and decision making under partial observability. Chapter 6 focuses on the design of protocols that are stable against manipulations by self-interested agents. Chapter 7 provides a short introduction to the rapidly expanding field of multiagent reinforcement learning. The material can be used for teaching a half-semester course on multiagent systems covering, roughly, one chapter per lecture.
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• Humanoid Robotics.- Time-Varying Affective Response for Humanoid Robots.- The Co-simulation of Humanoid Robot Based on Solidworks, ADAMS and Simulink.- From RoboNova to HUBO: Platforms for Robot Dance.- BunnyBot: Humanoid Platform for Research and Teaching.- Teen Sized Humanoid Robot: Archie.- Interdisciplinary Construction and Implementation of a Human Sized Humanoid Robot by Master Students.- Human Robot Interaction.- Safety Aspects in a Human-Robot Interaction Scenario: A Human Worker Is Co-operating with an Industrial Robot.- Integration of a RFID System in a Social Robot.- A Practical Study on the Design of a User-Interface Robot Application.- Infrared Remote Control with a Social Robot.- BlogRobot: Mobile Terminal for Blog Browse Using Physical Representation.- An Exploratory Investigation into the Effects of Adaptation in Child-Robot Interaction.- Devious Chatbots - Interactive Malware with a Plot.- Towards Better Human Robot Interaction: Understand Human Computer Interaction in Social Gaming Using a Video-Enhanced Diary Method.- Promotion of Efficient Cooperation by Sharing Environment with an Agent Having a Body in Real World.- Interaction Design for a Pet-Like Remote Control.- Experiences with a Barista Robot, FusionBot.- Mutually Augmented Cognition.- How Humans Optimize Their Interaction with the Environment: The Impact of Action Context on Human Perception.- Development of a Virtual Presence Sharing System Using a Telework Chair.- PLEXIL-DL: Language and Runtime for Context-Aware Robot Behaviour.- Ambient Intelligence in a Smart Home for Energy Efficiency and Eldercare.- Education and Entertainment.- Intelligent Technologies for Edutainment Using Multiple Robots.- Remote Education Based on Robot Edutainment.- Not Just "Teaching Robotics" but "Teaching through Robotics".- A Proposal of Autonomous Robotic Systems Educative Environment.- Mechatronics Education: From Paper Design to Product Prototype Using LEGO NXT Parts.- Fostering Development of Students' Collective and Self-efficacy in Robotics Projects.- From an Idea to a Working Robot Prototype: Distributing Knowledge of Robotics through Science Museum Workshops.- Teaching Electronics through Constructing Sensors and Operating Robots.- Learning from Analogies between Robotic World and Natural Phenomena.- Integrating Robot Design Competitions into the Curriculum and K-12 Outreach Activities.- Teamwork and Robot Competitions in the Undergraduate Program at the Copenhagen University College of Engineering.- Cooperative Robotics.- Multiagents System with Dynamic Box Change for MiroSot.- Multi Block Localization of Multiple Robots.- Soty-Segment: Robust Color Patch Design to Lighting Condition Variation.- Task-Based Flocking Algorithm for Mobile Robot Cooperation.- Analysis of Spatially Limited Local Communication for Multi-Robot Foraging.- AMiRESot - A New Robot Soccer League with Autonomous Miniature Robots.- Robotic System Design.- BeBot: A Modular Mobile Miniature Robot Platform Supporting Hardware Reconfiguration and Multi-standard Communication.- System Design for Semi-automatic AndroSot.- Learning, Optimization, Communication.- Extended TA Algorithm for Adapting a Situation Ontology.- An Integer-Coded Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization for Traveling Salesman Problem.- USAR Robot Communication Using ZigBee Technology.
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th This volume is an edition of the papers selected from the 12 FIRA RoboWorld C- gress, held in Incheon, Korea, August 16-18, 2009. The Federation of International Robosoccer Association (FIRA - www. fira. net) is a non-profit organization, which organizes robotic competitions and meetings around the globe annually. The RoboSoccer competitions started in 1996 and FIRA was - tablished on June 5, 1997. The Robot Soccer competitions are aimed at promoting the spirit of science and technology to the younger generation. The congress is a forum in which to share ideas and future directions of technologies, and to enlarge the human networks in robotics area. The objectives of the FIRA Cup and Congress are to explore the technical dev- opment and achievement in the field of robotics, and provide participants with a robot festival including technical presentations, robot soccer competitions and exhibits - der the theme "Where Theory and Practice Meet. " th Under the umbrella of the 12 FIRA RoboWorld Incheon Congress 2009, six int- national conferences were held for greater impact and scientific exchange: th * 6 International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Robotics and Autonomous Systems (CIRAS) th * 5 International Symposium on Autonomous Minirobots for Research and Edutainment (AMiRE) * International Conference on Social Robotics (ICSR) * International Conference on Advanced Humanoid Robotics Research (ICAHRR) * International Conference on Entertainment Robotics (ICER) * International Robotics Education Forum (IREF) This volume consists of selected quality papers from the six conferences.
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• Cognitive Systems Introduction.- Component Science.- Architecture and Representations.- The Sensorimotor Approach in CoSy: The Example of Dimensionality Reduction.- Categorical Perception.- Semantic Modelling of Space.- Planning and Failure Detection.- Multi-modal Learning.- Situated Dialogue Processing for Human-Robot Interaction.- Integration and Systems.- The PlayMate System.- The Explorer System.- Lessons Learnt from Scenario-Based Integration.- Summary and Outlook.- Cross-Disciplinary Reflections: Philosophical Robotics.- Lessons and Outlook.
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Design of cognitive systems for assistance to people poses a major challenge to the fields of robotics and artificial intelligence. The Cognitive Systems for Cognitive Assistance (CoSy) project was organized to address the issues of i) theoretical progress on design of cognitive systems ii) methods for implementation of systems and iii) empirical studies to further understand the use and interaction with such systems. To study, design and deploy cognitive systems there is a need to considers aspects of systems design, embodiment, perception, planning and error recovery, spatial insertion, knowledge acquisition and machine learning, dialog design and human robot interaction and systems integration. The CoSy project addressed all of these aspects over a period of four years and across two different domains of application - exploration of space and task / knowledge acquisition for manipulation. The present volume documents the results of the CoSy project. The CoSy project was funded by the European Commission as part of the Cognitive Systems Program within the 6th Framework Program.
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• 1. Introduction
• 2. Clusters and robots
• 3. Cluster programming
• 4. Robot motion
• 5. Sensors
• 6. Mapping and localization
• 7. Vision and tracking
• 8. Learning landmarks
• 9. Robot architectures
• Appendix I: Summary of OpenMPI man page for mpirun
• Appendix II: MPI datatypes
• Appendix III: MPI reduction operations
• Appendix IV: MPI application programmer interface.

In this book, we look at how cluster technology can be leveraged to build better robots. Algorithms and approaches in key areas of robotics and computer vision, such as map building, target tracking, action selection and landmark learning, are reviewed and cluster implementations for these are presented.The objective of the book is to give professionals working in the beowulf cluster or robotics and computer vision fields a concrete view of the strong synergy between the areas as well as to spur further fruitful exploitation of this connection. The book is written at a level appropriate for an advanced undergraduate or graduate student. The key concepts in robotics, computer vision and cluster computing are introduced before being used to make the text useful to a wide audience in these fields.
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• Efficient Multi-Robot Motion Planning for Unlabeled Discs in Simple Polygons.- Navigation of Distinct Euclidean Particles via Hierarchical Clustering.- Coalition Formation Games for Dynamic Multirobot Tasks.- Active Control Strategies for Discovering And Localizing Devices with Range-Only Sensors.- Aggressive Moving Obstacle Avoidance Using a Stochastic Reachable Set Based Potential Field.- Distributed Range-Based Relative Localization of Robot.- Computing Large Convex Regions of Obstacle-Free Space through Semidefinite Programming.- A Region-Based Strategy for Collaborative Roadmap Construction.- Efficient Sampling-based Approaches to Optimal Path Planning in Complex Cost Spaces.- Real-Time Predictive Modeling and Robust Avoidance of Pedestrians with Uncertain, Changing Intentions.- FFRob: An efficient heuristic for task and motion planning.- Fast Nearest Neighbor Search in SE(3) for Sampling-Based Motion Planning.- Trackability with Imprecise Localization.- Kinodynamic RRTs with Fixed Time Step and Best-Input Extension are not Probabilistically Complete.-Featureless Motion Vector-based Simultaneous Localization, Planar Surface Extraction, and Moving Obstacle Tracking.- Sparse Methods for Efficient Asymptotically Optimal KinodynamicPlanning.- Adaptive Informative Path Planning in Metric Spaces.- The Feasible Transition Graph: Encoding Topology and Manipulation Constraints for Multirobot Push-Planning.- Predict Collision Among Rigid and Articulated Obstacles with Unknown Motion.- Asymptotically Optimal Stochastic Motion Planning with Temporal Goals.- Resolution-Exact Algorithms for Link Robots.- Optimal Trajectories for Planar Rigid Bodies with Switching Costs.- Maximum-Reward Motion in a Stochastic Environment: The Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics Perspective.- Optimal Path Planning in Cooperative Heterogeneous Multi-robot Delivery Systems.- Composing Dynamical Systems to Realize Dynamic Robotic Dancing.-The Lion and Man Game on Convex Terrains.- RRT-X: Real-Time Motion Planning/Replanning for Environments with Unpredictable Obstacles.- Orienting Parts with Shape Variation.- Smooth and Dynamically Stable Navigation of Multiple Human-Like Robots.- Scaling up Gaussian Belief Space Planning through Covariance-Free Trajectory Optimization and Automatic Differentiation.- Planning Curvature and Torsion Constrained Ribbons in 3D with Application to Intracavitary Brachytherapy.- A Quadratic Programming Approach to Quasi-Static Whole-Body Manipulation.- On-Line Coverage of Planar Environments by a Battery Powered Autonomous Mobile Robot.- Finding a needle in an exponential haystack: Discrete RRT for Exploration of Implicit Roadmaps in Multi-Robot Motion Planning.- Stochastic Extended LQR: Optimization-Based Motion Planning Under Uncertainty.- An Approximation Algorithm for Time Optimal Multi-Robot Routing Decidability of Robot Manipulation Planning: Three Disks in the Plane.- A Topological Perspective on Cycling Robots for Full Tree Coverage.- Towards arranging and tightening knots and unknots with fixtures.- Asymptotically Optimal Feedback Planning: FMM Meets Adaptive Mesh Refinement.- Online Task Planning and Control for Aerial Robots with Fuel Constraints in Winds.-Pebble Motion on Graphs with Rotations: Efficient Feasibility Tests and Planning Algorithms.
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This carefully edited volume is the outcome of the eleventh edition of the Workshop on Algorithmic Foundations of Robotics (WAFR), which is the premier venue showcasing cutting edge research in algorithmic robotics. The eleventh WAFR, which was held August 3-5, 2014 at Bogazici University in Istanbul, Turkey continued this tradition. This volume contains extended versions of the 42 papers presented at WAFR. These contributions highlight the cutting edge research in classical robotics problems (e.g. manipulation, motion, path, multi-robot and kinodynamic planning), geometric and topological computation in robotics as well novel applications such as informative path planning, active sensing and surgical planning. This book - rich by topics and authoritative contributors - is a unique reference on the current developments and new directions in the field of algorithmic foundations.
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• Part I. Multi-Robots Systems
• Part II. Data Fusion, Localization and Mapping
• Part III. Security and Dependability
• Part IV. Mobility.

This book compiles some of the latest research in cooperation between robots and sensor networks. Structured in twelve chapters, this book addresses fundamental, theoretical, implementation and experimentation issues. The chapters are organized into four parts namely multi-robots systems, data fusion and localization, security and dependability, and mobility.

• Current research in the field of robotics
• Educational activities in the field of robotics
• Interaction between robots and humans.

This book includes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 18th Annual RoboCup International Symposium, held in Joao Pessoa, Brazil, in July 2014. The 36 revised papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 66 submis-sions and include 11 champion-team papers, three special-track papers on open-source hardware and software, nine papers on the advancement of the RoboCup leagues track, and three best papers. The contributions present current research and educational activities in the field of robotics and artificial intelligence with a special focus on the interaction between robots and humans.

• Locomotion.- Haptics.- Manipulation.- Perception.- Human-Robot Interaction.- Mapping and Localization.- Mechanisms.- Perception and Planning.- Sensor Networks.- Many-Robot Systems.- Interactive Presentations.- Plenary Talk.
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The International Symposium on Experimental Robotics (ISER) is a series of bi-annual meetings which are organized in a rotating fashion around North America, Europe and Asia/Oceania. The goal of ISER is to provide a forum for research in robotics that focuses on novelty of theoretical contributions validated by experimental results. The meetings are conceived to bring together, in a small group setting, researchers from around the world who are in the forefront of experimental robotics research. This unique reference presents the latest advances across the various fields of robotics, with ideas that are not only conceived conceptually but also explored experimentally. It collects robotics contributions on the current developments and new directions in the field of experimental robotics, which are based on the papers presented at the 14th ISER held on June 15-18, 2014 in Marrakech and Essaouira, Morocco. This present fourteenth edition of Experimental Robotics edited by M. Ani Hsieh, Oussama Khatib, and Vijay Kumar offers a collection of a broad range of topics in field and human-ce ntered robotics.
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• Intro; Preface; Organisation; Contents; Circumnutation: From Plants to Robots; 1 Introduction; 2 Continuum and Tendril Robots; 3 Circumnutation with Robot Tendrils; 3.1 Discussion; 4 Conclusions; References; Using Marker-Based Motion Capture to Develop a Head Bobbing Robotic Lizard; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Motion Capture of Animals; 1.2 Head Bobbing in Lizards; 2 Methods; 2.1 Motion Capture; 2.2 Construction of the Robot; 3 Results; 4 Conclusion and Future Work; References; An Architecture for Pattern Recognition and Decision-Making; 1 Introduction; 2 Implementation; 2.1 Condition; 2.2 The Brain

• 3 Experimental Setup3.1 Images; 3.2 Audio Samples; 3.3 Training and Testing; 4 Results and Interpretation; 5 Conclusion; References; Follow Flee: A Contingent Mobility Strategy for the Spatial Prisoner's Dilemma; 1 Introduction; 2 Related Work; 3 Methodology; 3.1 Environment and Agent Representation; 3.2 Movement Strategies; 3.3 Evolutionary Dynamics; 4 Experimental Results; 4.1 Experiment
• 1: Follow Flee and Walk Away vs. Naïve; 4.2 Experiment
• 2: Varying the Evolutionary Dynamics; 4.3 Experiment
• 3: Varying the Density; 4.4 Experiment
• 4: Walk Away vs. Follow Flee; 5 Conclusion; References

• Local Interaction of Agents for Division of Labor in Multi-agent Systems1 Introduction; 2 Social Interaction; 3 Proposed Task Allocation Algorithm; 4 Experiments; 4.1 Task Scenario; 4.2 Simulation Results; 5 Conclusion and Future Work; References; Rational Imitation for Robots; 1 Introduction; 2 The Cost Difference Model; 2.1 Rationale; 2.2 Formalization; 3 Methods; 4 Experiment
• 1: Modelling Experimental Findings; 5 Experiment
• 2: Learning Better Policies; 6 Discussion; References; Modular Neural Control for Object Transportation of a Bio-inspired Hexapod Robot; 1 Introduction

• 2 Modular Neural Control for Object Transportation2.1 Neural Oscillator Network (CPG); 2.2 Phase Switching Network (PSN); 2.3 Velocity Regulating Network (VRN); 2.4 Neural Control Parameters for Different Behavior Modes; 3 Experiments and Results; 4 Conclusion; References; An Adaptive Neural Mechanism with a Lizard Ear Model for Binaural Acoustic Tracking; 1 Introduction; 2 Background; 2.1 Lizard Peripheral Auditory System Model; 2.2 Input Correlation (ICO) Learning; 3 Materials and Methods; 3.1 The Adaptive Neural Architecture; 3.2 The Experimental Setup; 4 Results and Discussion

• 5 Conclusions and Future DirectionsReferences; Artificial Neural Network Based Compliant Control for Robot Arms; 1 Introduction; 2 Robot Arm Model; 3 Artificial Neural Network Based Compliant Control; 4 Simulation Results; 5 Conclusions; References; UESMANN: A Feed-Forward Network Capable of Learning Multiple Functions; 1 Background; 2 Motivation; 3 The UESMANN-BP Algorithm; 4 Methodology; 5 Experimental Results; 5.1 Logical Connectives; 6 The MNIST Database; 7 Training at Intermediate Modulation Values; 8 Conclusions and Further Work; References

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, SAB 2016, held in Aberystwyth, UK, in August 2016. The 31 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 45 submissions. They cover the main areas in animat research, including the animat approach and methodology, perception and motor control, learning and adaptation, evolution, and collective and social behavior.