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• I. Evidence-Based Practice
• 1. Introduction
• 2. The Principles of Evidence-Based Practice
• 3. Accessing Information on Pain Management
• 4. Practice Guidelines, Protocols and Recommendations
• II. Scientific Basis of Postoperative Pain and Analgesia
• 5. The Neurohumoral, Inflammatory and Coagulation Responses to Surgery
• 6. Nociceptive Mechanisms of Postoperative Pain
• 7. Neuropathic Mechanisms of Postoperative Pain
• 8. Genetic Factors in Postoperative Pain
• 9. Patient Outcome in Postoperative Pain
• 10. Wound Healing and Pain
• III. Management of Postoperative Pain
• 11. Pain Management Objectives
• 12. Clinical Assessment of Postoperative Pain
• 13. Prediction and Preemptive analgesia
• 14. The Acute Pain Service
• 15. Opioids: Indications, Efficacy and Regimens
• 16. Opioids: Adverse Effects, Limitations and Failures of Therapy
• 17. Patient-Controlled Analgesia
• 18. Regional and Peripheral Techniques
• 19. NSAIDs
• 20. Multimodal Analgesia
• 21. Nonconventional Analgesics and Techniques
• IV. Postoperative Pain Management in Specific Clinical Settings
• 22. Postoperative Pain Management in Infants and Children
• 23. Postoperative Pain Management in the Elderly
• 24. Postoperative Pain Management Following Caesarean Section
• 25. Postoperative Pain Management for Patients with Drug Dependence
• 26. Postoperative Pain Management in the Ambulatory Setting
• 27. Prevention And Management of Chronic Postsurgical Pain.

A team of today's leaders in this rapidly changing field present definitive, evidence-based guidance on optimal postoperative pain practice. Comprehensive in scope, the text spans the spectrum of patients from infants to the elderly, and examines topics including the scientific basis of postoperative pain, management of postoperative pain, and postoperative pain management in specific clinical settings. A bonus CD-ROM, bound in the text, presents approximately 200 case-based question sets for self-assessment. Provides a comprehensive, current source of information on what practices are supported by existing evidence. Includes practical examples to demonstrate the clinical application of principles or recommendations discussed. Emphasizes evidence-based decision making practice. Presents a design and presentation suitable for all health care workers responsible for the management of postoperative pain. Offers abundant illustrations throughout to facilitate understanding of the material.

• SECTION 1
• CLINICAL PAIN STATES
• Soft tissue, joints and bones
• Acute and postoperative pain
• Michael Cousins, Ian Power
• Osteoarthritis
• Paul Creamer
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Malcolm I V Jayson
• Muscles, tendons and ligaments
• Dianne J Newham, Kerry R Mills
• Chronic back pain
• Donlin M Long
• Upper extremity pain
• Anders E Sola
• Fibromyalgia
• Robert M Bennett
• Deep and visceral pain
• Abdominal pain
• Laurence M Blendis
• Heart, vascular and haemopathic pain
• Paolo Procacci, Massimo Zoggi, Marco Maresca
• Chronic pelvic pain
• Andrea J Rapkin
• Obstetric pain
• John S McDonald
• Genitourinary pain
• Ursula Wesselmann, Arthur L Burnett
• Head
• Orofacial pain
• Yair Sharav
• Trigeminal, eye and ear pain
• Joanna M Zakrozwska
• Headache
• Jean Schoenen, Peter S S̀ndor
• Nerve and root damage
• Phantom pain and other phenomena after amputation
• Troels Scaehelin Jensen, Lone Nikolajsen
• Peripheral neuropathies
• J W Scadding
• Complex regional pain syndrome
• J W Scadding
• Nerve root disorders and arachnoiditis
• David Dubuisson
• Central nervous system
• Central pain
• J̲rgen Boivie
• Spinal cord injury
• Aleksander Beric
• Pain and psychological medicine
• Harold Merskey
• SECTION 2
• THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES
• Pharmacology
• Antipyretic (non-narcotic) analgesics
• Kay Brune, Hanns Ulrich Zeilhofer
• Psychotropic drugs
• Richard Monks, Harold Merskey
• Opioids
• Robert G Twycross
• Local anaesthetics and epidurals
• H J McQuay, RA Moore
• Atypical analgesic drugs and sympathetic blockers
• R Munglani, R G Hill
• Surgery
• Disc surgery
• Erik Spangfort
• Orthopaedic surgery
• Robert F McLain, James N Weinstein
• Central neurosurgery
• Jan M Gybels, Ron R Tasker
• Stimulation
• Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, vibration and acupuncture as
• pain-relieving measures
• Per Hansson, Thomas Lundeberg
• Spinal cord and brain stimulation
• Brian A Simpson
• Physical therapies
• Ultrasound, shortwave, microwave, laser, superficial heat and cold in the
• treatment of pain
• Justus F Lehmann, Barbara J de Lateur
• Mobilization, manipulation, massage and exercise for the relief of
• musculoskeletal pain
• Scott Haldeman, Paul D Hooper
• Psychological therapies
• The placebo and the placebo response
• Patrick D Wall
• Relaxation and biofeedback
• Barton A Jessup, Xochitl Gallegos
• Hypnosis
• Nicholas P Spanos, Sharon J Carmanico, Jacqueline A Ellis
• A cognitive-behavioral approach to pain management
• Dennis C Turk, Akiko Okifuji
• Behavioral therapy
• Francis J Keefe, John C Lefebvre
• Prevention of disability due to chronic musculoskeletal pain
• Steven James Linton
• SECTION 3
• SPECIAL PROBLEMS OF ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT
• Age and sex difference
• Pain in children
• Charles B Berde, Bruce Masek
• Pain in the elderly
• Lucia Gagliese, Joel Katz, Ronald Melzack
• Sex and gender differences in pain
• Karen J Berkley, Anita Holdcroft
• Neuropathic and burn pain
• Peripheral neuropathic pain: an approach to management
• Howard L Fields, Ralf Baron, Michael C Rowbotham
• Pain of burns
• Manon Choinïre
• Cancer pain
• Cancer pain: principles of assessment and syndromes
• Nathan I Cherny, Russell K Portenoy
• Practical issues in the management of cancer pain
• Nathan I Cherny, Russell K Portenoy
• Cancer pain and palliative care in children
• Charles B Berde, John J Collins
• Cancer: psychiatric and ethical issues
• William Breithart, Steven D Passik, Barry D Rosenfeld
• Pain and impending death
• Cicely M Saunders, Michael Platt.

An Essentials version of the Textbook of Pain, 4/e, this book is intended to provide the pain medicine specialist and trainee with an easy-to-access overview on the management complexities, assessment tools and multiple treatment modalities that are currently available to the physician dealing with the full spectrum of pain syndromes. The emphasis throughout is on the clinical aspects of pain medicine. It will contain the core information that the practitioner and trainee needs. Each chapter is brief and succinctly written and the text is well broken up with headings, tables and summary charts. The book is divided into 2 main sections; clinical states (acute, chronic and cancer pain) and therapeutic aspects (pharmacological, surgical, physiotherapy, psychotherapy) and it presents a rational, multidisciplinary approach to the management of pain.

• EVALUATION
• 1. Initial Management of Acute Pain
• 2. Evaluation of the Chronic Pain Patient
• 3. Evaluation of Pain in Children
• 4. Evaluation of the Geriatric Pain Patient
• 5. Assessment of Substance Abuse Potential
• 6. Psychological Evaluation
• 7. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
• 8. Sleep Disturbances and Chronic Pain
• 9. Pain Measurement
• 10. Radiography / PET Scan
• 11. Discography
• 12. EMG/NCV (upper / lower)
• 13. Thermography
• 14. Exam Under Sedation
• 15. Testing & Treatment with IV Local Anesthetics & Other
• 16. Differential Epidural / Spinal Blockade
• 17. Diagnostic Nerve Blocks
• ACUTE PAIN
• 18. Epidural Endoscopy
• 19. Patient Controlled Analgesia
• 20. Acute Herpes Zoster
• 21. Acute Upper Extremity Pain
• 22. Acute Lower Extremity Pain
• 23. Acute Thoracic Pain
• 24. Acute Abdominal Pain
• 25. Acute Pancreatitis
• 26. Obstetric Pain
• CHRONIC PAIN SYNDROMES
• 27. Myofascial Pain Syndromes
• 28. Post-Herpetic Neuralgia
• 29. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
• 30. Metastatic Cancer Pain
• 31. Diabetic Neuropathy
• 32. Chronic Pancreatic Pain
• 33. Neuropathic Pain
• 34. Central Pain Syndrome
• 35. Phantom Pain
• 36. Pain in the Spinal Cord-Injured Patient
• 37. The Fibromyalgia Syndrome
• 38. Rheumatoid Arthritis
• 39. Osteoarthritis
• 40. Discogenic Back Pain
• 41. Nonsomatic Pain
• 42. AIDS
• 43. Groin Pain
• 44. Pelvic Pain
• CANCER PAIN
• 45. Patient Education
• 46. Cancer Pain Management
• 47. Medical Management of Cancer Pain: Oral Analgesics?
• 48. Neurolytic Blocks
• 49. Non-Pharmacological Interventions
• 50. Implantable Devices
• 51. Hospice Care / Palliative Care
• HEAD AND NECK PAIN
• 52. Head and Neck Pain
• 53. Approach to the Patient with Headache
• 54. Vascular Headache
• 55. Trigeminal Neuralgia
• 56. Temporomandibular Disorders
• 57. Orofacial Pain
• 58. Torticollis
• 59. Whiplash
• 60. Cervical Zygapophysial Pain
• 61. Cervical Radiculopathies
• UPPER EXTREMITY PAIN
• 62. Myofascial Upper Extremity Pain
• 63. Shoulder Pain
• 64. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
• 65. Chronic Regional Pain Syndrome of the Hand
• 66. Shoulder
• Hand Syndrome
• 67. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• 68. Neuropathic Syndromes
• 69. Entrapment Syndromes
• 70. Tendinitis
• 71. Upper Extremity Bursitis
• THORACIC PAIN
• 72. Chronic Thoracic Pain
• 73. Post-Mastectomy Pain
• 74. Post-Thoracotomy Pain Syndrome
• 75. Compression Fracture Pain of the Back
• 76. Rib Dysfunction
• BACK PAIN
• 77. Acute Low Back Pain
• 78. Chronic Low Back Pain
• 79. Myofascial Back Pain
• 80. Lumbosacral Radiculopathy
• 81. Spinal Stenosis
• 82. Ankylosing Spondylitis
• 83. Failed Laminectomy Syndrome
• 84. Facet Joint Syndrome
• 85. Sacroiliac Joint Pain
• LOWER EXTREMITY PAIN
• 86. Bursitis
• 87. Entrapment Syndromes
• 88. Piriformis Syndrome
• 89. Hip Pain
• 90. Knee Pain
• 91. Foot Pain
• 92. Evaluation of Intermittent Claudication
• PEDIATRIC PAIN
• 93. Management of Painful Procedures in Pediatric Patients
• 94. Chronic Benign Pain in Children
• 95. Cancer Related Pain in Children
• PHARMACOLOGY
• 96. Local Anesthetic Choice
• 97. Local Anesthetic Toxicity
• 98. NSAIDS
• 99. Steroids
• 100. Antidepressants
• 101. Anticonvulsants
• 102. Narcotics
• 103. Botulinum Toxin Pharmacology
• 104. Neurolytic Agents
• 105. Topical Agents
• THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES
• 106. Narcotic Detoxification
• 107. Physical Therapy
• 108. Occupational Therapy
• 109. Vocational Rehabilitation
• 110. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
• 111. Psychological Interventions
• 112. Hypnosis
• 113. Biofeedback
• 114. Acupuncture
• 115. Continuous Neural Blockade
• 116. Intravenous Regional Blockade
• 117. Steroid Joint Injections
• 118. Intradiscal Therapies
• 119. Epidural Steroid Injections
• 120. Intrathecal Analgesics (Narcotics & Other Compounds)
• 121. Neurolytic Blocks
• 122. Complications of Neurolytic Blocks
• 123. Implantable Infusion Pumps
• 124. Spinal Cord Stimulation
• 125. Cryoanalgesia
• 126. Radiofrequency Ablation
• 127. Neurosurgical Procedures for Pain
• 128. Prosthetic Support
• 129. Preop Evaluation & Preparation for Regional Anesthesia
• 130. Peripheral Nerve Stimulators
• 131. Radiographic Contrast Media
• 132. Pediatric Extremity Blocks
• 133. Cranial Nerve Block
• 134. Peripheral Nerve Block
• 135. Sympathetic Blocks
• 136. Epidural Block
• 137. Subarachnoid Block
• APPENDICES
• 1. Definitions of Common Pain Terms
• 2. Pain Clinic Organization
• 3. Assessment Tools
• 4. Opioids
• 5. Opioid Side Effects and Treatment
• 6. Antidepressants
• 7. NSAIDS.

• Evaluation
• Acute pain
• Chronic pain syndromes
• Cancer pain
• Head and neck pain
• Upper extremity pain
• Thoracic pain
• Back pain
• Lower extremity pain
• Pediatric pain
• Pharmacology
• Therapeutic modalities.

Clear algorithms and concise accompanying explanations facilitate the evaluation and management of nearly 140 common pain management problems. The New Edition of this best-selling resource features a completely new section on Cancer Pain plus brand-new chapters on patient evaluation, chronic pain, upper and lower extremity pain, nerve blocks, and more. It also incorporates comprehensive updates throughout to reflect the latest evaluation techniques, treatment approaches, and pain syndromes. Offers an entirely new section on Cancer Pain, plus brand-new chapters on patient evaluation, chronic pain, upper and lower extremity pain, nerve blocks, and more. Reflects all of the latest evaluation techniques, treatment approaches, and pain syndromes.

• Collection and handling of blood
• Reference ranges and normal values
• Basic haematological techniques
• Preparation and staining methods for blood and bone marrow films
• Blood cell morphology in health and disease
• Bone marrow biopsy
• Iron deficiency anaemia and iron overload
• Investigation of megaloblastic anaemia-cobalamin, folate, and metabolite status
• Laboratory methods used in the investigation of the haemolytic anaemias
• Investigation of the hereditary haemolytic anaemias: membrane and enzyme abnormalities
• Acquired haemolytic anaemias
• Investigation of abnormal haemoglobins and thalassaemia
• Erythrocyte and leucocyte cytochemistry
• Immunophenotyping
• Diagnostic radioisotopes in haematology
• Investigation of haemostasis
• Investigation of a thrombotic tendency
• Laboratory control of anticoagulant, thrombolytic, and antiplatelet therapy
• Blood cell antigens and antibodies: erythrocytes, platelets, and granulocytes
• Laboratory aspects of blood transfusion
• Molecular and cytogenetic analysis
• Miscellaneous tests
• Approach to the diagnosis and classification of blood diseases
• Laboratory organization and management
• Laboratory safety
• Quality assurance
• Haematology in under-resourced laboratories
• Appendices.

Often referred to as "the bible of hematology," this highly successful, practical manual is the place to turn to for every aspect of laboratory hematology. The book covers all of the techniques used in the investigation of patients with blood disorders, including the latest technologies as well as the tried-and-true manual methods of measurement. It comprehensively discusses which test to use for each situation, the principles of each test, possible causes of error, and the interpretation and clinical significance of the findings. Each chapter conforms to a template, providing quick, easy access to key information. Extensive updates throughout bring you expert guidance on advancing technologies as well as contemporary laboratory organization and management, while retaining the strengths that have made this book an essential reference on laboratory hematology for over 50 years! Contains crucial instructions for performing and interpreting lab tests in any sized laboratory. Provides complete coverage of all levels of diagnostic testing from the basic to the most advanced. Uses helpful decision trees to make the critical information you need easy to locate and understand. Features state-of-the-art information on the hottest areas of the field, including Diagnostic Radionuclides in Hematology and Molecular and Cytogenetic Techniques. Demonstrates important lab findings with over 300 illustrations and color photographs

• Approach to learning
• Basic terminology
• Approach to reading
• Upper extremity
• Lower extremity
• Thorax
• Abdomen
• Retroperitoneum, posteral abdominal wall
• Perineum and pelvis
• Nervous system
• Head and neck
• Face and scalp.

"Vertigo and dizziness are two conditions whose prevalence throughout an individual's lifespan is estimated to range from 20% to 50% with a marked incidence regarding women. Starting from the frequency of these symptoms, the book explores different aspects of the otoneurology field and the vestibular diseases, from the anatomy of vestibular organs to the pharmacological, surgical and rehabilitative treatment of posterior labyrinth disorders. In particular, the benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (VPPB), Meniere's disease and dizziness in patients suffering from temporomandibular joint disorders and vertebral fractures are described. A focus on specific techniques to evaluate vestibular disorders is included and the video head impulse test (vHIT) and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) application are shown to study each part of the posterior part of the inner ear. A specific chapter is dedicated to the management of postural disorders in vestibular dysfunctions, from the postural evaluation to the many different protocols of vestibular rehabilitation. The principles of pharmacotherapy are described; medications to treat dizziness and vertigo can include anticholinergics, antihistamines, benzodiazepines and other drugs including antiemetics, sympathomimetic and calcium antagonists. Finally, the principles underlying the surgical strategies in the management of the vertiginous patients, furthermore a general description of the technical aspects of each procedure are provided to show indications, potentials, limits, and contraindications of vestibular surgery"-- Provided by publisher.

• Contributors; Current books of interest; Foreword; Biographies;
• 1: Molecular Diagnostics: An Introduction; Part I: Molecular Diagnostics in Cancer: Research and Development of Biomarkers;
• 2: Transcriptome-based Biomarkers: A Road Map Exemplified for Peripheral Blood-based Biomarker Discovery, Development and Clinical Use; Introduction; Defining biomarker classes as a prerequisite for successful biomarker development; Focus on peripheral blood-based biomarkers as an example; Blood transcriptomics started in leukaemia research.

• Is there a role for blood transcriptomics in other diseases?Is there a role of blood transcriptomics for early detection of disease?; General guidance towards successful biomarker development; Importance of technical and organizational aspects during biomarker development; Requirements for bioinformatics analysis during biomarker development; The next decade of blood transcriptomics;
• 3: Development of Methylation Biomarkers for Clinical Applications and Methylation-sensitive High-resolution Melting Technology; DNA methylation; Methylation-based in vitro diagnostic tests.

• Fields of applications of in vitro diagnostic testsChallenges of methylation biomarker development process; Methylation biomarker development workflow; PCR amplification and melting analyses in methylation studies; Development of methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM); Characteristics of the MS-HRM protocol; Final remarks;
• 4: Genetic and Epigenetic Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer ; Introduction; Biomarkers; Biomarker location; Practical limitations; Conclusions and outlook; Part II: Molecular Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases: Past, Present and Future.

• 5: Molecular Diagnosis in Medical Microbiology: The Horizon Draws NearIntroduction; Enhancing diagnosis; Molecular typing in control of infection; Molecular tools in screening/high-throughput analysis; Considerations in selecting a molecular tool; Conclusion;
• 6: Viral Diagnostics and qPCR-based Methodologies; Introduction; PCR-based methods; Non-PCR-based methods; Perspectives; Validation/standardization/harmonization; Conclusions;
• 7: XMRV: A Cautionary Tale; Introduction; Discovery of XMRV; Reports of XMRV in prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome.

• Mounting negative evidence ignites XMRV controversyHuman pathogen or laboratory contaminant?; The recombinant origin of XMRV; Dénouement and conclusions; Note added in proof;
• 8: Ancient DNA and the Fingerprints of Disease: Retrieving Human Pathogen Genomic Sequences from Archaeological Remains Using Real-time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction; Introduction; aDNA breakdown after deposition; Why study aDNA and what can it tell us?; Sampling and measures to avoid cross-contamination; PCR; Validation of PCR findings; Conclusions; Part III: From Bench to Bedside.

The application of molecular technology in clinical diagnosis is a rapidly developing area and is predicted to greatly improve the speed, efficiency, and accuracy of diagnostic medicine. The editors of this book have commissioned an excellent series of chapters representing two key molecular diagnostic areas: cancer and infectious diseases. The cancer section deals with the challenges in identifying genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptomic biomarkers. The infectious disease section describes the current clinical applications of molecular diagnostics for the detection of viral, bacterial, and fu.

• An ontological history of pain
• Praxiography of representation
• Ontological calibration and functional stases in the MPG
• Neuroimaging detours
• Rarefactive and constitutive calibration
• Networks of calibration
• Conclusion: finding the groove.

"Chronic pain is a medical mystery, debilitating to patients and a source of frustration for practitioners. It often eludes both cause and cure and serves as a reminder of how much further we have to go in unlocking the secrets of the body. A new field of pain medicine has evolved from this landscape, one that intersects with dozens of disciplines and subspecialties ranging from psychology and physiology to anesthesia and chiropractic medicine. Over the past three decades, researchers, policy makers, and practitioners have struggled to define this complex and often contentious field as they work to establish standards while navigating some of the most challenging philosophical issues of Western science. In The Politics of Pain Medicine: A Rhetorical-Ontological Inquiry, S. Scott Graham offers a rich and detailed exploration of the medical rhetoric surrounding pain medicine. Graham chronicles the work of interdisciplinary pain management specialists to found a new science of pain and a new approach to pain medicine grounded in a more comprehensive biospychosocial model. His insightful analysis demonstrates how these materials ultimately shape the healthcare community's understanding of what pain medicine is, how the medicine should be practiced and regulated, and how practitioner-patient relationships are best managed. It is a fascinating, novel examination of one of the most vexing issues in contemporary medicine."--Provided by publisher.

• Preliminary remarks
• Test: How much is your everyday life determined by pain?- Part I: What you should know about pain
• Part II:Exercises and techniques for coping with pain
• Part III: Changes in unfavourable behaviour
• Service section: Copy template for a pain protocol
• Contact details of various pain relief societies
• Literature. Index.

What you can do yourself against your pain This book shows concrete techniques and exercises of psychological pain management, with which it is possible to reduce pain permanently. It is aimed at all pain patients who want to actively manage pain and at all therapists and doctors who want to support their patients in this. The more than 30 successful techniques and exercises can be used alone at home without a doctor or therapist. Each exercise is explained step-by-step and simply, is scientifically recognized, has no side effects, and is effective regardless of the cause or location of the pain. The 4th edition is completely updated. From the contents Test: How much is your everyday life determined by pain? What you should know about pain Techniques and exercises to cope with pain, including thought-stopping techniques, redirecting attention, rest and relaxation techniques, progressive muscle relaxation according to Jakobson, special breathing techniques, fantasy journeys, self-hypnosis, biofeedback. Changes in unfavourable behaviour Service part with copy template for a pain protocol and addresses of self-help societies The author Dr. phil. Jutta Richter is a psychologist and physiotherapist. She has been working with patients with chronic pain in hospital and in her own practice for over 20 years. She gives advanced training, courses and lectures on the topic of "pain, stress management and communication.

• SECTION 1: Molecular pathology of immune, inflammatory, and hemostatic disorders
• Immune responses at host barriers and their importance in systemic autoimmune diseases
• Statins and hemostasis: therapeutic potential based on clinical evidence
• Effects of adrenergic receptor stimulation on human hemostasis: A systematic review
• [alpha]1-adrenergic stimulation increases platelet adhesion to endothelial cells mediated by TRPC6
• Physical Activity, Burnout, and Engagement in Latin American Students of Higher Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic
• Small plastics, big inflammatory problems
• Impact of a community-based pelvic floor kinesic rehabilitation program on the quality of life of Chilean adult women with urinary incontinence
• SECTION 2: Molecular pathology of endocrine and muscular disorders
• Iodine intake based on a survey from a cohort of women at their third trimester of pregnancy from the Bosque County Chile
• Appraisal of the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine: a meta-analysis
• Bile acids alter the autophagy and mitogenesis in skeletal muscle cells
• Upregulation of CCL5/RANTES gene expression in the diaphragm of mice with cholestatic liver disease
• Differential fibrotic response of muscle fibroblasts, myoblasts, and myotubes to cholic and deoxycholic acids
• BMAL1 regulates glucokinase expression through E-box elements in vitro
• SECTION 3: Molecular pathology of cancer: determinants and potential therapies
• Correlation between endoglin and malignant phenotype in human melanoma cells: analysis of hsa-mir-214 and hsa-mir-370 in cells and their extracellular vesicles
• Increase in Frequency of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in the Bone Marrow of Myeloproliferative Neoplasm: Potential Implications in Myelofibrosis
• The "Ins and Outs" of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as specific target in prostate cancer therapy
• Transforming Growth Factor-[beta]1 in Cancer Immunology: opportunities for immunotherapy.

The present work corresponds to a compilation of independent contributions in the fields of endocrinology, immunity, cancer, neurobiology, and myology. Revision of current advances as well as novel findings in the form of original articles are presented in a balanced fashion. The book has been divided into three sections in line with the main subject: Molecular pathology of immune, inflammatory, and hemostatic disorders; Molecular pathology of endocrine and muscular disorders; and Molecular pathology of cancer: determinants and potential therapies. In the first section, contributing authors take the reader through the molecular pathology of immune responses, inflammation, and hemostasis, by collating an update on systemic autoimmune diseases, the therapeutic potential of statins in hemostasis, the effects of adrenergic stimulation on coagulation, the emerging field of physical burnout due to the mobility restrictions in response to the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 pandemic imposed worldwide, and the success of community-oriented muscular kinesic rehabilitation. The second section presents engaging results from a survey of iodine intake through the diet of pregnant females, an appraisal of the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine, novel evidence on muscle physiopathology, describing the upregulation of CCL5/RANTES during cholestatic liver disease, the fibrotic response emerging in response to cholic and deoxycholic acids, and the altering effects of bile acids in autophagy and mitogenesis. In the third section, a comprehensive revision of cancer literature is offered with an emphasis on melanoma, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, microRNA-based diagnostic approaches, and new avenues for cancer immunotherapy. Altogether, these individual contributions offer a comprehensive and up-to-date outlook of the current state in the field of molecular pathology. Chapter 14 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Economic Evaluation in Genomic and Precision Medicine provides an in-depth examination of essential concepts, protocols and applications of economic evaluation in genomic and precision medicine. Contributions from leading international medical geneticists and health economists compile new ways to effectively assess the costs and outcomes of different genomic care pathways, implement cost-effective medical interventions, and enhance the value of genomic and precision healthcare. Foundational chapters and discipline-specific case studies cover topics ranging from the economic analysis of genomic trial design, to health technology assessment of next-generation sequencing, ethical aspects, economic policy in genomic medicine, and pricing and reimbursement in clinical genomics.

• General knowledge about the nature of the COVID-19
• Epidemiological aspect of the COVID-19 pandemic
• Neurological manifestations of COVID-19
• COVID-19 headache as a secondary headache disorder
• COVID-19 headache is a real specific headache disorder. Potential mechanisms of COVID specific headache disorder
• Clinical pictures and diagnostic features of COVID-19 specific headache disorder
• Current management of COVID-19 infection
• Current management of COVID-19 headache.-Current changes of previous headache disorders in the pandemic era
• Effect of personal protective equipment on headache disorders
• Effect of COVID-19 vaccines on headache disorders
• Effect of ICU process on headache disorders
• Effects of vascular comorbidities on COVID-19 headache
• Effects of non-vascular comorbidities on COVID-19 headache
• Changing nature of headache practice in pandemic era
• Changing nature of headache education in pandemic era
• Changing nature of interventional pain management in pandemic era
• COVID-19 specific problems and solutions on childhood and adolescent headache practice
• COVID-19 specific problems and solutions on elderly headache practice
• COVID-19 specific problems and solutions on pregnancy and breastfeeding headache practice
• Genetic and epigenetic aspect of COVID-19 in the manner of headache practice
• Telemedicine for public headache awareness
• Telemedicine for headache education
• Telemedicine for headache research
• Artificial intelligence for future headache practice.

This book provides a physicians pathfinder for COVID specific headache disorders as well as general headache practice in a pandemic era. Practical solutions to headache management at every level are highlighted, along with the changing nature of previous headache disorders under lockdown conditions. Headache Disorders in Pandemic Conditions examines the specific nature of headache symptoms during COVID-19 infection, the secondary causes of COVID-specific headache disorders and practical issues of previous known headache disorders during a pandemic. The book also explores the effect of lockdown on headache management and changes in headache education, practice, risks and guidelines. Neurologists, headache specialists, general practitioners, medical students and residents will find this book to be a practical and clear guide to Covid-19 specific headache disorders in clinical practice.