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• Introduction, Comparable Skeletal Series, and Organization of Volume / P. Willey, Eric J. Bartelink, Peter Gavette, and Colleen F. Milligan
• Part I. Historical Context
• Historical Background of California and the San Francisco Bay Area / Lisa N. Bright
• Resurrectionists, Criminals, and the Unclaimed: History of Cadavers and the Study of Anatomy in the Nineteenth Century / Colleen F. Milligan
• The Role of US Army Surgeons and Their Contributions to the Army Medical Museum in the Post-Civil War Era (1865-1890) / Brian F. Spatola and Kristen E. Pearlstein
• A Surgeon among Surgeons: The Medical Staff at Point San Jose / Peter Gavette
• Part II. Archaeology
• Discovery, Excavation, and Context of Materials in the Point San Jose Pit / Peter Gavette and P. Willey
• What Civil War-Era Medicine Bottles Can Reveal about the Point San Jose Pit / Angela Locke Barton
• Faunal Remains: Food Waste and Animal Dissection at Point San Jose / Kasey E. Cole, Kelsie Hart, Cecily Merwin, and Alina Tichinin
• Part III. Human Osteology
• Taphonomy of Human Remains from Point San Jose Hospital, San Francisco / Mallory Peters, Jessica Curry, and Eric J. Bartelink
• Analysis of Commingled Human Remains and Element Representation from the Point San Jose Collection / Maria Cox, Valerie Sgheiza, Samuel A. Mijal, Kristen A. Broehl, Heather MacInnes, and Eric J. Bartelink
• Age, Sex, and Ancestry Estimations of the People from Point San Jose / Valerie Sgheiza and P. Willey
• Point San Jose Statures as Indications of Stress / P. Willey
• Isotopic Perspectives on Residence Patterns at Point San Jose / Eric J. Bartelink and Sarah A. Hall
• Diet Dissected: Isotopic Variation at Point San Jose / Sarah A. Hall, Julia Prince-Buitenhuys, and Eric J. Bartelink
• Paleopathology and Nonspecific Stress Indicators at Point San Jose / Colleen F. Milligan, Kristen A. Broehl, Kelsie Hart, Vanessa C. Reeves, Karin Wells, and Eric J. Bartelink
• Part IV. Conclusions
• Bodies Apart: Structural Violence and Dis/Embodiment at Point San Jose / Sarah A. Hall
• Conclusions and Future Research / Eric J. Bartelink, Peter Gavette, P. Willey, and Colleen F. Milligan

"This volume uses historical, archaeological, and bioarchaeological analysis to study and understand a nineteenth-century medical waste pit discovered at the former Army hospital at Point San Jose in San Francisco"-- Provided by publisher
"An archaeological site that tells a story of structural violence in medical research. In 2010, a pit containing over 4,000 human skeletal elements was discovered at the site of the former Army hospital at Point San Jose in San Francisco. Local archaeologists determined that the bones, which were found alongside medical waste artifacts from the hospital, were remains from anatomical dissections conducted in the 1870s. As no records of these dissections exist, this volume turns to historical, archaeological, and bioarchaeological analysis to understand the function of the pit and the identities of the people represented in it. In these essays, contributors show how the remains discovered are postmortem manifestations of social inequality, evidence that nineteenth-century surgical and anatomical research benefited from and perpetuated structural violence against marginalized individuals. A volume in the series Bioarchaeological Interpretations of the Human Past: Local, Regional, and Global Perspectives, edited by Clark Spencer Larsen"-- Provided by publisher

• Intro
• Behaviour in our Bones: How Human Behaviour Influences Skeletal Morphology
• Copyright
• Contents
• Contributors
• Foreword
• References
• Chapter 1 Skeletons in action: Inferring behaviour from our bones
• References
• Chapter 2 Bone biology and microscopic changes in response to behaviour
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Bone anatomy and cells
• 2.2.1 Bone cells
• 2.3 Long bone micro-anatomy, modelling, and remodelling
• 2.4 Bone functional adaptation
• 2.5 Bone histology and behaviour in archaeological humans
• 2.6 Trabecular bone structure and behaviour
• 2.7 Conclusions

• Acknowledgments
• References
• Chapter 3 Biosocial complexity and the skull
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 The skull
• 3.2.1 Anatomy of the skull
• 3.2.2 Modularity and integration
• 3.3 Origins and dispersals
• 3.3.1 Evolution of the human skull
• 3.3.2 Population history
• 3.3.3 Gene flow and hybridisation
• 3.4 Transition to agriculture
• 3.4.1 Craniofacial gracilisation and globularisation
• 3.4.2 Dental size reduction
• 3.4.3 Plasticity, selection, and lifestyle changes
• 3.5 Adaptations to environmental changes
• 3.5.1 The impact of climate on the skull

• 3.5.2 Extreme cold environments
• 3.5.3 High-altitude adaptations
• 3.6 Culture and communication
• 3.6.1 Cultural modifications of the skull
• 3.6.2 Self-domestication and 'modernity'
• 3.6.3 Communication and the face
• 3.7 Summary and conclusion
• References
• Chapter 4 Activity and the shoulder: From soft tissues to bare bones
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Activity versus occupation
• 4.3 Entheses
• 4.4 Shoulder joint anatomy
• 4.4.1 The static stabilisers
• 4.4.2 The dynamic stabilisers
• 4.4.3 Anatomical summary
• 4.5 Studies of shoulder activity in modern contexts

• 4.6 Archaeological studies of activity and the shoulder
• 4.7 Synthesising clinical and bioarchaeological studies
• 4.8 Conclusions and future directions
• References
• Chapter 5 Archery and the arm
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Basic biomechanics: The kinesiology of archery
• 5.2.1 Draw arm
• 5.2.2 Bow arm
• 5.3 Common bone adaptation responses to archery
• 5.3.1 Degenerative joint disease (DJD)
• 5.3.2 Entheseal changes (EC)
• 5.3.3 Cross-sectional bone geometry (CSBG)
• 5.4 Injuries in modern archers
• 5.4.1 How common injuries might manifest on bone
• 5.4.1.1 Overuse

• 5.4.1.2 Rotator cuff disease and impingement
• 5.4.1.3 Lateral and medial Epicondylosis
• 5.5 Studies in biological anthropology
• 5.6 Conclusion
• Acknowledgments
• References
• Chapter 6 Tool use and the hand
• 6.1 What behaviours are unique to the human hand?
• 6.2 Hominin hand morphology and tools in the past
• 6.3 Soft tissues
• 6.4 Soft tissue traces in the archaeological record
• 6.5 Internal bone morphology
• 6.6 Conclusions
• Glossary
• References
• Chapter 7 Behaviour and the bones of the thorax and spine
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 The human spine
• 7.3 The human thorax

"Exploring behaviour through bones has always been a fascinating topic to those that study human remains. Human bodies record and store vast amounts of information about the way we move, where we live, and our experiences of health and socioeconomic circumstances. We see it every day, and experience it, but when it comes to past populations, understanding behaviour is largely mediated by our ability to read it in bones. Behaviour in Our Bones: How Human Behaviour Influences Skeletal Morphology examines how human physical and cultural actions and interactions can be read through careful analyses of skeletal human remains. This book synthesises the latest research on reconstructing behaviour in the past. Each chapter is dedicated to a specific region of the human body, guiding the reader from head to toe and highlighting how evidence found on the skull, shoulder, thorax, spine, pelvis, and the upper and lower limbs has been used to infer patterns of activity and other behaviour. Chapter authors expertly summarise and critically discuss a range of methodological, theoretical, and interpretive approaches used to read skeletal remains and interpret a wide variety of behaviours, including tool use, locomotion, reproduction, health, pathology, and beyond. Serves as a comprehensive resource for readers who are new to human skeletal behaviour investigations Offers an overview on how behaviour may impact the entire skeleton (from head to toe) Discusses activities that can leave evidence on the human skeleton and how behaviour can become incorporated in bone Introduces methods that biological anthropologists use to quantify and interpret skeletal evidence for behaviour and its range of morphological variation Critically examines the current state of skeletal behaviour research and provides recommendations for future work in this field." Publisher

• Preface (Brianne K. Connizzo, Lin Han, Robert L. Sah)
• Scientific Impact
• Chapter 1. Aggrecan and Hyaluronan: The infamous Cartilage Polyelectrolytes- Then and Now (Anna Plaas, Meghan Moran, John Sandy, Vincent Hascall)
• Chapter 2. Understanding the Influence of Local Physical Stimuli on Chondrocyte Behavior (Byumsu Ki, Lawrence J. Bonassar)
• Chapter 3. Multiscale In Silico Modeling of Cartilage Injuries (Rami K. Korhonen, Atte S.A. Eskelinen, Gustavo A. Orozco, Amir Esrafilian, Cristina Florea, and Petri Tanska)
• Chapter 4. In Vitro Models and Proteomics in Osteoarthritis Research (Martin Rydén, Patrik Önnerfjord)
• Chapter 5. Nanomechanics of Aggrecan: A New Perspective on Cartilage Biomechanics, Disease and Regeneration (Chao Wang, Elizabeth R. Kahle, Lin Han)
• Chapter 6. Computational Modelling for Managing Pathways to Cartilage Failure (Saeed Miramini, David W. Smith, Bruce S. Gardiner, Lihai Zhang)
• Chapter 7. Gene Delivery to Chondrocytes (Christopher V. Nagelli, Christopher H. Evans, Rodolfo E. De la Vega)
• Chapter 8. Mechanical Articular Cartilage Injury Models and Their Relevance in Advancing Therapeutic Strategies (Bodo Kurz, Melanie L Hart, Bernd Rolauffs)
• Chapter 9. Hip Osteoarthritis: Bench to Bedside Perspective (Young-Jo Kim)
• Chapter 10. Harnessing Growth Factor Interactions to Optimize Articular Cartilage Repair (Stephen B. Trippel)
• Personal Tributes
• Index.

This is an open access book. In honor of his 75th birthday, we reflect on the impact of the pioneering work of Alan Grodzinsky and his laboratory. This volume includes in-depth discussions of tissue electromechanics, mechanobiology and biomechanics, and matrix biology in addition to the latest advancements in understanding the pathogenesis, progression and treatment of osteoarthritis. Unique to this volume, we overview decades of groundbreaking research that set the stage for the latest efforts in the field, highlighting the legacy of one researcher and their trainees.

• Introduction /
• Chapter 1: Biography /
• Chapter 2: Anatomy /
• Chapter 3: Surgery /
• Chapter 4: Materia medica /
• Chapter 5: Medical practice /
• Chapter 6: Last years /
• Chapter 7: Legacy / Sources and Bibliography.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Renaissance anatomist Gabrielle Falloppia is best known today for his account of the eponymous fallopian tubes but he made numerous other anatomical discoveries as well, was one of the most famous surgeons of his time, and is widely believed to have invented the condom. Drawing on Falloppia's Observationes anatomicae of 1561 and on dozens of handwritten and published sets of student notes, this book not only looks at Falloppia's anatomical lectures and demonstrations. It also studies Falloppia's work on surgical topics - including the French disease and cosmetic surgery - on thermal waters, and on pharmacology. Last but not least, it uses student notes and the letters of contemporary scholars to throw a new light on Falloppia's biography, on his very special relationship with the botanist Melchior Wieland, who lived in his house for several years, and on his conflicts with his fellow professors in Padua, one of whom, Bassiano Landi, was murdered just ten days after his funeral - by Falloppia's disciples, as some believed. Written by one of the leading scholars in the field of early modern medicine, this book will appeal to all those interested in the teaching and practice of anatomy, surgery, and pharmacology in the Renaissance.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction to Histologic Techniques
• Cell Biology
• Epithelium and Glands
• Connective Tissue
• Cartilage and Bone
• Blood and Hemopoiesis
• Muscle
• Nervous Tissue
• Circulatory System
• Lymphoid (Immune) System
• Endocrine System
• Integument
• Respiratory System
• Digestive System I
• Digestive System II
• Digestive System III
• Urinary System
• Female Reproductive System
• Male Reproductive System
• Special Sense - Appendix A: Tissues that Resemble Each Other - Appendix B: Answers to Chapter Review Questions.

"This histology atlas and text provides medical, dental, allied health, and biology students with an outstanding collection of histology images for all of the major tissue classes and body systems. This is a concise approach with relevant text and consistent format presentation of photomicrograph plates. It features a full-color art program comprising high-quality photomicrographs, scanning electron micrographs, and supporting illustrations. Didactic features in each chapter includes: Chapter Outline, Histophysiology, Clinical Considerations, Overview Diagrams, Atlas Plates, Review Plates, and Summary of Histologic Organization. Clinical-vignette style board-review questions have been added to the new edition as well as standard review questions."-- Provided by publisher

• Chapter 1. Introduction to Quantum Biology
• Chapter 2. Quantum Retina
• Chapter 3. Iris color variety
• Chapter 4. Quantum property of photon entering the eye
• Chapter 5. Photon interact with the observe eye
• Chapter 6. Photon interaction with collagen
• Chapter 7. Photon interaction with melanin
• Chapter 8. Photon emission from the iris
• Chapter 9. Retina quantum biology
• Chapter 10. Quantum biology of Neuron transport of information to the brain
• Chapter 11. Observer Color perception

As we enter the quantum era, new research on applying the rules of quantum physics to biology, which was previously considered impossible, has revolutionized our understanding and our concept of molecular and atomic particles behavior and their interactions. This book is the first comprehensive review of the quantum biology of the visual system. Chapters discuss the relevance of quantum physics to the biological systems, especially in the visual system. The main purpose of this book is to simplify quantum biology concepts relevant to physiology of human eye and to help the reader understand the essentials of this new emerging, complex and anti-intuitive field of science. It offers a contemporary view of the emerging interplay between the biochemistry, physiology, molecular biology, and molecular and atomic particle quantum characteristics such as vibration, spin etc. Quantum Biology of the Eye is an essential resource for Ophthalmologists, physicians, residents, fellows, all fields of visual science and medical students in ophthalmology, and other converging fields of science such as visual optics biochemists, psychology etc.

• Introduction / History of Anatomy / Edinburgh and Anatomy / the West Port Murders / An end to grave robbing / Selected reading / Acknowledgements.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

History and science collide in the fascinating history of anatomy, from artistic explorations by Leonardo da Vinci, and the pioneering, lavishly illustrated book by Andreas Vesalius, to the crimes of William Burke and William Hare in 19th-century Edinburgh. This history of how anatomy was studied focuses on Edinburgh and the West Port murders in 1828 and acknowledges the science's reliance on dead bodies taken without consent. Edinburgh was an important centre for medical teaching at this time but the sixteen murders exposed the darker side of the practice and study of medicine - the bodies were sold by Burke and Hare to the Edinburgh anatomist Dr Robert Knox. The book accompanies a major exhibition at the National Museum of Scotland 2 July-30 October 22 which charts five hundred years of medical exploration.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Sectional Anatomy of the Thorax
• Sectional Anatomy of the Abdomen
• Sectional Anatomy of the Retroperitoneum
• Sectional Anatomy of the Male Pelvis
• Sectional Anatomy of the Female Pelvis.

Sectional anatomy is a valuable resource for understanding and interpreting imaging exams, specially computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thus, health professionals should have a solid anatomical knowledge to properly evaluate such exams during clinical assessments of cardiac, thoracic, abdominal, proctologic, gynecological and urological diseases. The chapters in this book describe the thoracic anatomy, the abdominal wall, retroperitoneal space, and the male and female pelvis. Sectional images of cadaveric material illustrate the thoracic and the abdominal cavities, kidney, ureter, prostate, penis and other male and female organs. The images and descriptions build familiarity with the anatomical traits and can be applied in the fields of urology, gynecology, proctology, radiology and surgery. This work appeals to a wide range of readers, from health professionals to residents and students of different medical specialties.

• 1. Sectional Anatomy of the Thorax
• 2. Sectional Anatomy of the Abdomen
• 3. Sectional Anatomy of the Retroperitoneal Space
• 4. Sectional Anatomy of the Male Pelvis
• 5. Sectional Anatomy of the Female Pelvis.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Sectional anatomy is a valuable resource for understanding and interpreting imaging exams, specially computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thus, health professionals should have a solid anatomical knowledge to properly evaluate such exams during clinical assessments of cardiac, thoracic, abdominal, proctologic, gynecological and urological diseases. The chapters in this book describe the thoracic anatomy, the abdominal wall, retroperitoneal space, and the male and female pelvis. Sectional images of cadaveric material illustrate the thoracic and the abdominal cavities, kidney, ureter, prostate, penis and other male and female organs. The images and descriptions build familiarity with the anatomical traits and can be applied in the fields of urology, gynecology, proctology, radiology and surgery. This work appeals to a wide range of readers, from health professionals to residents and students of different medical specialties.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction: Basic Concepts of Microsurgery, is it possible to be an expert?
• Part I. The Surface
• 2. The Skin and superficial Nerves: What does it matters for Neurosurgeons - Surgical Anatomy of the Scalp
• 3. Beyond the bone- Surgical Anatomy of the Skull
• 4. More than circumvolutions - Surgical Anatomy of the Sulci and Gyrus of the Brain
• 5. The Hidden Lobe - Surgical Anatomy of the Insula
• 6. The delicate anatomy - Surgical Anatomy of Sulci and Gyrus of the Cerebellum
• 7. The Dangerous Zone - Surgical Anatomy of the Brainstem
• 8. What Lies Behind? - Surgical Anatomy of the Temporal Bone and Transtemporal Approaches
• Part II. The Cisterns
• 9. The Hub of the Cisterns - Surgical Anatomy of the Basal Cisterns
• 10. The Beginning of everything - Surgical Anatomy of the Sylvian Cistern
• 11. Be careful with the midline - Surgical Anatomy of the Interhemispheric Fissure
• 12. The soul - Surgical Anatomy of the Pineal Region
• 13. Skull base Joker? - Surgical Anatomy of the Ponto-Cerebellar Cistern
• 14. Are posterior fossa cisterns important? - Surgical Anatomy of Other Cerebello-medullary Cistern
• Part III. The Central Core
• 15. The functional anatomy - Surgical Anatomy of the White Fiber Tracts
• 16. Deep inside - Surgical Anatomy of the Basal Ganglia and Thalamus
• Part IV. The Ventricles
• 17. Knowing me can make your life easier - Surgical Anatomy of the Lateral Ventricles
• 18. Do you know all the ways to get there? - Surgical Anatomy of the III Ventricle
• 19. Despite small there is many coordination - Surgical Anatomy of the IV Ventricle
• Part V. The Skull Base
• 20. Fistula? Is it possible? - Surgical Anatomy of the Anterior Fossa
• 21. Is it possible to access the eye? - Surgical Anatomy of the Orbit
• 22. Are there many structures attached? - Surgical Anatomy of the Middle Fossa
• 23. Our neighborhood are complex - Surgical Anatomy of the Parasellar Region
• 24. Anterior Incisural Space Attention to the perforators.-25. Are there something behind the temporal lobe? - Surgical Anatomy of the Temporal Bone
• 26. Is it really no-mans land? Surgical Anatomy of the Cavernous Sinus
• 27. Be careful - Surgical Anatomy of the Petroclival Region
• 28. Surgical anatomy of the far lateral approach and Jugular Foramen
• 29. Where it all ends - Surgical Anatomy of the Foramen Magnum
• 30.Brainsteam Tumors.

This strategic book joins the classical brain anatomy to the challenges of neurosurgery approaches. Its thirty illustrated chapters connect basic concepts to the specialists experience in the operating room. They also provide didactic tips and tricks for accessing the brain into to the surface, cisterns, central core, ventricles and skull base. The Brain Anatomy and Neurosurgical Approaches is focused on neurosurgeons in training and those who need updated information and technical tips on how to deal with neurosurgical patients, as well as with anatomical challenges in real surgeries. Neurosurgeons, residents and students will have a helpful source of study and research.

• Section One Clinical AnatomyChapter One: Head and NeckChapter Two: AbdomenChapter Three: ThoraxChapter Four: Pelvis and PerineumChapter Five: Lower Limb Chapter Six: Upper LimbChapter Seven BackSection Two EmbryologyChapter Eight: The first three week of DevelopmentChapter Nine: Development of Major Organs.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book is written for medical and other allied health students. It seeks to aid students in gaining a general understanding of clinical anatomy before embarking on a specific discipline-focused program. Organized among two sections, the first includes chapters that cover the anatomy of the head and neck, abdomen, thorax, pelvis and perineum, lower limb, upper limb, and back. What's more, section two briefly examines the embryology and development of the organ systems, such as the development of major organs. This title is an invaluable resource for students who wish to retain anatomical knowledge on the entire human body despite an eventual career in one particular discipline of medicine. It is complemented by its previously published sister text Medical Neuroanatomy for the Boards and the Clinic, which applies similar principles of anatomical information with a focus on identifying potentially malignant lesions. .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Section One Clinical Anatomy
• Chapter One: Head and Neck
• Chapter Two: Abdomen
• Chapter Three: Thorax
• Chapter Four: Pelvis and Perineum
• Chapter Five: Lower Limb
• Chapter Six: Upper Limb
• Chapter Seven Back
• Section Two Embryology
• Chapter Eight: The first three week of Development
• Chapter Nine: Development of Major Organs.

This book is written for medical and other allied health students. It seeks to aid students in gaining a general understanding of clinical anatomy before embarking on a specific discipline-focused program. Organized among two sections, the first includes chapters that cover the anatomy of the head and neck, abdomen, thorax, pelvis and perineum, lower limb, upper limb, and back. Whats more, section two briefly examines the embryology and development of the organ systems, such as the development of major organs. This title is an invaluable resource for students who wish to retain anatomical knowledge on the entire human body despite an eventual career in one particular discipline of medicine. It is complemented by its previously published sister text Medical Neuroanatomy for the Boards and the Clinic, which applies similar principles of anatomical information with a focus on identifying potentially malignant lesions. .

• 1. Introduction
• Part I. Practice: 2. Dissection in the Classical and Hellenistic Periods
• 3. Dissection in the Roman Period
• 4. Practical Considerations of the Dissector
• 5. The Broader Social Contexts of Dissection
• Part II. Text: 6. Anatomical Texts of the Classical and Hellenistic Periods
• 7. Anatomical Texts of the Roman Period
• 8. Galenic Anatomy before Anatomical Procedures
• 9. Galen's Anatomical Procedures and its Innovations
• 10. Epilogue: A Waxing and Waning Art.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Dissection is a practice with a long history stretching back to antiquity and has played a crucial role in the development of anatomical knowledge. This absorbing book takes the story back to classical antiquity, employing a wide range of textual and material evidence. Claire Bubb reveals how dissection was practised from the Hippocratic authors of the fifth century BC through Aristotle and the Hellenistic doctors Herophilus and Erasistratus to Galen in the second century AD. She focuses on its material concerns and social contexts, from the anatomical subjects (animal or human) and how they were acquired, to the motivations and audiences of dissection, to its place in the web of social contexts that informed its reception, including butchery, sacrifice, and spectacle. The book concludes with a thorough examination of the relationship of dissection to the development of anatomical literature into Late Antiquity.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

A lavishly illustrated guide to the magnum opus of the great seventeenth-century anatomist, master embalmer, artist, and collector of specimens. Frederik Ruysch (1638-1731) was a celebrated Dutch anatomist, master embalmer, and museologist. He is best remembered today for strange tableaux, crafted from fetal skeletons and other human remains, that flicker provocatively at the edges of science, art, and memento mori. Ruysch exhibited these pieces, along with hundreds of other artful specimens, in his home museum and catalogued them in his lavishly illustrated "Thesaurus Anatomicus". This book offers the first English translation of Ruysch's guide to his collection, along with all the illustrations from the original volume, photographs of some his most imaginative extant specimens, and more.

Ruysch was at once a brilliant scientist, a preternaturally gifted technician, an esteemed physician, a religious moralizer, and an artist whose prime form of expression was the medium of human remains. His works were sometimes described as ⁰́₋Rembrandts of anatomical preparation⁰́₊; today they seem so strange that we can hardly believe that they even existed, much less that they were so popular in their time. His combination of the religious and the scientific, the painstakingly accurate and the extravagantly fantastical, offers vivid testimony of an era in which science overlapped seamlessly with religion and art. Essays accompanying Ruysch's text and images consider such topics as the historical context of Ruysch's work, the paradox of an artist of death whose work engenders the illusion of life, the conservation of Ruysch's specimens, and the shifting ascendancies of romanticism and rationality in the natural sciences