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• Introduction: From sea to sand
• Land and sea : the two historical disruptions and sectarian order maintenance
• Shooting at the sheikh : the criminalization of tribal rivalry
• "You brother of a prostitute" : honor, insults, and crime
• Sectarian tashwish : anti-Shi'a violence and Sunni-dominated policing
• "Mad, no house, no money" : sect-based citizenship and crime
• Conclusion: Bahrain and transitional justice.

Sectarian Order in Bahrain connects the rise of colonial criminal justice in Bahrain and sectarianism, making detailed use of an archival cache of colonial criminal court cases in the British Library, and offering a critical analysis. Using primary and secondary historical documents, including ethnographic and anthropological accounts, the book links major themes in critical and cultural criminology, southern criminology, historical sociology, post-colonialism, and Gulf studies which have not been adequately examined together. It drills down on an important group of surviving criminal court case files, and shows how they can describe the problem of and inform solutions to sectarian discrimination in Bahrain. There are two major shifts in notions of the social order and order maintenance that characterize the 20th century, highlighting a sectarianism modus operandi within the colonial criminal justice system. The shifts are the criminalization of inter-tribal competition and honor-based modes of behavior in order to prevent intra-Sunni contestation and to unite Sunnis under Al-Khalifah and colonial authority; and the invention of indigenous Shi'a and Persian Bahrainis as a criminal class as an extension of the sectarianism long practiced by the Al Khalifah (and other Sunni tribes). Together these two shifts birth a modern criminal justice system that institutionalizes Sunni chauvinism and Shi'a discrimination, problems evident in the Bahraini criminal justice system today.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Map of Bahrain
• Summary
• Recommendations. To the government of Bahrain ; To the Public Prosecution Office ; To the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights ; To the Member States of the United Nations Human Rights Council ; To the Special Rapporteur on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers
• Methodology
• I. Prosecution of peaceful protest and political dissent. Military court cases reheard in civilian courts ; Case of the leading activists ; Trial of medical personnel ; Case of Mahdi Abu Deeb and the Bahrain Teachers' Society ; Plot to "kill Asians"
• Cases originating in civilian courts
• February 14 coalition
• Nabeel Rajab
• Ali Salman
• Khalil al-Marzooq
• Convictions for "insulting the king"
• II. Prosecution of security personnel for human rights abuses. Death of Hani Abd al-Aziz Juma ; Deaths of Isa Abd al-Hassan Ali Hussain and Ali Ahmed Abdullah al-Momen ; Death of Fadel Salman Ali Salman Matrouk ; Deaths of Ali Saqer and Zakaria Rashid Hassan al-Asherri ; Death of Abd al-Karim Ali Ahmed Fakhrawi ; Abuse of medical personnel ; Abuse of Nazeeha Saeed
• Acknowledgements
• Appendix I: Human Rights Watch letter to Attorney General Ali Fadhul Al Buainain, April 8 2014
• Appendix II. Response of the Office of General Prosecutor Ali Fadhul Al Buainain to Human Rights Watch, April 29, 2014.

• Summary
• Key recommendations
• Methodology
• I. Background
• II. Civil society organizations
• III. Political societies
• IV. Trade unions
• V. Recommendations
• Acknowledgements
• Appendix. Letter from Human Rights Watch to Minister of Social Development Dr. Fatima Al-Balooshi, May 13, 2013.

"This 87-page report examines restrictive laws and policies that stifle civic and political groups and trade unions. The report shows how authorities use unjust laws to restrict freedom of association by arbitrarily rejecting registration applications and intrusively supervising independent organizations. The government takes over and dissolves--more or less at will--organizations whose leaders criticize government officials and policies, and severely limits the ability of groups to raise money and to receive foreign funding"--Provided by Publisher.

• Map of Bahrain
• Summary
• Key recommendations
• Methodology
• 1. Political prosecutions in special military courts
• 2. Fair-trial violations in special military courts
• 3. Civilian courts: the "terrorist network" trial
• 4. Civilian courts: other national security cases
• 5. Recommendations
• Acknowledgements
• Appendices.

• List of Abbreviations. Note on Transliteration of Arabic. Preface. Part I: The Origins of the Modern Judicial System.
• 1. Bahrain before the Al Khalifa.
• 2. From the Arrival of the Al Khalifa until the Beginning of the Twentieth Century.
• 3. Early Twentieth Century to the Reforms in the Twenties.
• 4. The Establishment and Development of the National Judiciary.
• 5. The Organised National Movement, the Advisor and the Judiciary. Part II: The Modern Judicial System.
• 6. Origin of the Modern System and General Features.
• 7. The Hierarchy of the Courts.
• 8. The Judiciary.
• 9. Arbitration.
• 10. Conclusion. Bibliography.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Law of the Middle East / Commercial Law Although Bahrain has had an established system of law courts since 1771, it was only in the course of the twentieth century that it gradually developed a full-fledged legal system compatible with international norms. Today, like the other Gulf states, its sophisticated judiciary represents a blend of Islamic Shari'a, British common law, and modern reforms drawn principally from Egypt's civil law-influenced tradition. In recent decades, arbitration has also taken its place as an important adjunct to the judiciary. This definitive study and analysis of the Bahrain judicial system is of enormous value to anyone possessing or seeking a legal presence in Bahrain, or indeed in any of the Gulf states. It provides detailed descriptions of all the essential elements, including the following: the constitutional exemptions and restrictions of the judiciary; securing right to litigation; sources of law, including the law of commerce; distinctions among the various ordinary and special courts of law; international jurisdiction; legal practice conditions; courts' administration; and arbitration. The rich historical background provided by Dr. Radhi underpins and clarifies every step of his thorough analysis of the current judicial system in Bahrain. Judiciary and Arbitration in Bahrain will be especially valuable to company lawyers for the masterful way it sheds light on the legal nuances of the layered and interdependent judicial systems peculiar to the Gulf states. It is sure to be put to good use not only in Bahrain, but in Oman, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and Kuwait as well - all countries of major significance in global trade.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)