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• Chapter 1: Governance stability: The logic of bureaucratic efficiency and autonomy
• Chapter 2: Measuring and observing governance stability
• Chapter 3: Chaotic stability: The case of Pakistan's governance amid political chaos
• Chapter 4: The autocratic roots of democracy: The case of Taiwan's reformed bureaucracy
• Chapter 5: Institutions wrecked and a democracy lost: The case of Turkey's governance breakdown
• Chapter 6: Governance stability... that is how countries keep functioning during political crises.

"This book explores how bureaucracy can provide governance stability during political crises. Relying on extensive fieldwork conducted in Pakistan, Taiwan, and Turkey, it offers unique insights about how a high-quality and independent bureaucracy can alter a country's trajectory"-- Provided by publisher.

• Introduction
• The Content governance dilemma
• The international law of content governance
• Shaping standards from below : insights from civil society
• Platform policies versus human rights standards
• Conclusion

"This open access book is one of the first academic works to comprehensively analyse the dilemma concerning global content governance on social media. To date, no single human rights standard exists across all social media platforms, allowing private companies to set their own rules, values and parameters. On the one hand, this normative autonomy raises serious concerns, primarily around whether companies should be permitted to establish the rules governing free speech online. On the other hand, if social media platforms simply adopted international law standards, they would be compelled to operate a choice on which model to follow, and put in place mechanisms to uphold these general standards. This book examines this topic from a multidisciplinary perspective, drawing from the expertise of the authors in law, political science and communication studies. It provides a carefully reconstructed theory of the content governance dilemma, as well as pragmatic solutions for companies and policymakers. In this way, the book not only benefits academics by advancing the debate on content moderation issues, but also informs new policies and regulatory strategies by offering an up-to-date overview of rules and tools for content moderation, as well as an evaluation of their current level of compliance with standards emerged in international human rights law and digital constitutionalism initiatives."-- Provided by publisher.

• Die Bedeutung der Sozialen Arbeit und Sozialpädagogik im veränderten Wohlfahrtsstaat
• Sorge in der Transformation von Sozialpolitik und Wohlfahrtsstaat
• Rechte Sozialpolitik und die Transformation des Wohlfahrtsstaates
• Widersprüche der Sozialpolitik und die wohlfahrtsstaatliche Kontrolle und Regulierung von Migration
• Diskussion emanzipatorischer Perspektiven sozialpolitischer Entwicklungsoptionen.

• Part 1. Introduction
• Part 2. Mobilization and Maintenance
• Part 3. Interest Communities
• Part 4. Strategies
• Part 5. Outcomes
• Part 6. Conclusion.

Although authoritarian countries often repress independent citizen activity, lobbying by civil society organizations is actually a widespread phenomenon. Using case studies such as China, Russia, Belarus, Cambodia, Malaysia, Montenegro, Turkey, and Zimbabwe, Lobbying the Autocrat shows that citizen advocacy organizations carve out niches in the authoritarian policy process, even influencing policy outcomes. The cases cover a range of autocratic regime types (one-party, multi-party, personalist) on different continents, and encompass different systems of government to explore citizen advocacy ranging from issues such as social welfare, women's rights, election reform, environmental protection, and land rights. They show how civil society has developed adaptive capacities to the changing levels of political repression and built resilience through 'tactful contention' strategies. Thus, within the bounds set by the authoritarian regimes, adaptive lobbying may still bring about localized responsiveness and representation. However, the challenging conditions of authoritarian advocacy systems identified throughout this volume present challenges for both advocates and autocrats alike. The former are pushed by an environment of constant threat and uncertainty into a precarious dance with the dictator: just the right amount of acquiescence and assertiveness, private persuasion and public pressure, and the flexibility to change quickly to suit different situations. An adaptive lobbyist survives and may even thrive in such conditions, while others often face dire consequences. For the autocrat on the other hand, the more they stifle the associational sphere in an effort to prevent mass mobilization, the less they will reap the informational benefits associated with it. This volume synthesizes the findings of the comparative cases to build a framework for understanding how civil society effectively lobbies inside authoritarian countries.

Who said that dictatorship was dead? The world today is full of Strong Men and their imitators. Caesarism is alive and well. Yet in modern times it's become a strangely neglected subject. Ferdinand Mount opens up a fascinating exploration of how and why Caesars seize power and why they fall. There is a comforting illusion shared by historians and political commentators from Fukuyama back to Macaulay, Mill and Marx, that history progresses in a nice straight line towards liberal democracy or socialism, despite the odd hiccup. In reality, every democracy, however sophisticated or stable it may look, has been attacked or actually destroyed by a would-be Caesar, from Ancient Greece to the present day. Marx was wrong. This Caesarism is not an absurd throwback, it is an ever-present danger. There are Big Caesars who set out to achieve total social control and Little Caesars who merely want to run an agreeable kleptocracy without opposition: from Julius Caesar and Oliver Cromwell through Napoleon and Bolivar, to Mussolini, Salazar, De Gaulle and Trump. The saga of Boris Johnson and Brexit frequently crops up in this author's narrative as a vivid, if Lilliputian instance of the same phenomenon. The final part of this book describes how and why would-be Caesars come to grief, from the Gunpowder Plot to Trump's march on the Capitol and the ejection of Boris Johnson by his own MPs, and ends with a defence of the grubby glories of parliamentary politics and a thought-provoking roadmap of the way back to constitutional government.

• Selling Citizenship
• A Product Is Born
• EU Citizenship
• New Developments around the Core Market
• Geopolitical Maneuvering
• The Citizenship Industry
• Do the Programs Pay Off?
• "Is My Citizenship Really Worth That Much to Someone?"
• Who Wants to Buy a Passport?
• Citizenship in the Twenty-First Century.

• Selling Citizenship
• A Product Is Born
• EU Citizenship
• New Developments around the Core Market
• Geopolitical Maneuvering
• The Citizenship Industry
• Do the Programs Pay Off?
• "Is My Citizenship Really Worth That Much to Someone?"
• Who Wants to Buy a Passport?
• Citizenship in the Twenty-First Century.

"The Golden Passport is the first on-the-ground investigation of "investor citizenship." Some 50,000 people annually pay cash for citizenship in various microstates desperate for investment. Kristin Surak uncovers the surprising motivations of the buyers, the effects on seller-state locals, and the geopolitical dynamics driving the industry"-- Provided by publisher.

• Comparative political analysis
• The state, development, democracy and authoritarism
• Institutions of government
• Politics, society, and culture
• The comparative-international nexus
• Country profiles and case studies.

"An engaging and accessible introduction to the subject, Comparative Politics: Integrating Theories, Methods, and Cases gives students the methodological tools they need to answer the 'big questions' in the field. The authors introduce methods early in the text and integrate them throughout, in Thinking Comparatively features, to help students develop a systematic way of thinking about comparative politics. Offering a hybrid format, the text's unique structure offers the best of thematic and country-by-country approaches. Sixteen succinct thematic chapters--organized around the 'big questions' in the field--are followed by a separate section at the end of the book offering full-length profiles and case studies for fourteen countries. Examples of some of the 'big picture questions' discussed in the thematic chapters are, 'Why do countries have different institutions and forms of government? Why do some social revolutions succeed and endure while others fail? Why are some societies subjected to terrorism and not others?' Each chapter integrates several standalone country case studies in Case in Context features; these features tie into the narrative, pose questions, and point students to the full case discussions in the country profiles section of the book"-- Provided by publisher.

• Chapter 1: Introduction
• Chapter 2: A Prototype Data Governance Framework for Africa
• Chapter 3: A Value Chain Approach to Data Production, Use and Governance for Sound Policy Making in Africa
• Chapter 4: Data Protection Legal Regime and Data Governance in Africa: An Overview
• Chapter 5: Data Regulation in Africa: Free Flow of Data, Open Data Regimes and Cyber Security
• Chapter 6: Digitalisation and Financial Data Governance in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities
• Chapter 7: More Than Just a Policy - Day to Day Effects of Data Governance on the Data Scientist
• Chapter 8: The Economics of Blockchain Within Africa
• Chapter 9: Conclusion.

This open access book examines data governance and its implications for policymaking in Africa. Bringing together economists, lawyers, statisticians, and technology experts, it assesses gaps in both the availability and use of existing data across the continent, and argues that data creation, management and governance need to improve if private and public sectors are to reap the benefits of big data and digital technologies. It also considers lessons from across the globe to assess principles, norms and practices that can guide the development of data governance in Africa. The book will appeal to scholars and students of data governance, technology and public policy, as well as practitioners and policy makers. Bitange Ndemo is the Kenyan Ambassador to Belgium and the European Union Mission. He was previously Professor of Entrepreneurship at the University of Nairobi, Kenya. Njuguna Ndungu is Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Nairobi. He is the Cabinet Secretary of the National Treasury of Kenya, a former Governor of the Central Bank of Kenya, and Executive Director at the African Economic Research Consortium. Scholastica Odhiambo is Manager of Research at the African Economic Research Consortium. She was previously Senior Lecturer of Economics at Maseno University, Kenya. Abebe Shimeles is Honorary Professor of Economics at the University of Cape Town, South Africa. He formerly served as Director of Research at the African Economic Research Consortium. .

• Introduction
• Theorising and Analysing Pro-European Activism in the United Kingdom
• The Politics of Europe in the United Kingdom
• Mapping Anti-Brexit Activism in the United Kingdom
• Framing Leave and Remain
• Conclusion.

"Whilst much has been written about the UK's decision to leave the European Union ('Brexit'), the focus has largely been on the role of politicians and political parties, on the one hand, and the characteristics of 'Leave' and 'Remain' voters, on the other. This monograph adopts a different perspective and offers the first comprehensive study of the UK's grassroots anti-Brexit movement which developed after the June 2016 referendum. Our extensive study is based on original interview data, complemented with results from our survey of anti-Brexit activists and analysis of their campaign materials. It provides an in-depth assessment of the ideology, arguments, and strategies of the UK's anti-Brexit movement. We trace its internal political and ideological divisions, analyse the interaction between individuals and organisations part of the movement, and their relation to political elites. We conclude that whilst the anti-Brexit movement was successful in mobilising a large number of pro-European citizens, its impact has been limited by weak links to political elites and institutions, divisions between organisations and activists, and the absence of a clear stance on the UK's relationship with the EU. With our UK case study we also make a significant contribution to the wider comparative literature on European integration as a topic of public debate and political contestation (the 'politicisation of Europe'). Whilst the UK case is by no means typical, it is nevertheless revealing of how difficult the formulation of effective pro-European arguments can be."-- Provided by publisher.

"Spies is the history of the secret war that Russia and the West have been waging for a century. Espionage, sabotage, and subversion were the Kremlin's means to equalize the imbalance of resources between the East and West before, during, and after the Cold War. There was nothing "unprecedented" about Russian meddling in the 2016 US presidential election. It was simply business as usual, new means used for old ends. The Cold War started long before 1945. But the West fought back after World War II, mounting its own shadow war, using disinformation, vast intelligence networks, and new technologies against the Soviet Union. Spies is an inspiring, engrossing story of the best and worst of mankind: bravery and honor, treachery and betrayal. The narrative shifts across continents and decades, from the freezing streets of St. Petersburg in 1917 to the bloody beaches of Normandy; from coups in faraway lands to present-day Moscow where troll farms, synthetic bots, and weaponized cyber-attacks being launched on the woefully unprepared West. It is about the rise and fall of eastern superpowers: Russia's past and present and the global ascendance of China. Mining hitherto secret archives in multiple languages, Calder Walton shows that the Cold War started earlier than commonly assumed, that it continued even after the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991, and that Britain and America's clandestine struggle with the Soviet government provides key lessons for countering China today. This fresh reading of history, combined with practical takeaways for our current great power struggles, make Spies a unique and essential addition to the history of the Cold War and the unrolling conflict between the United States and China that will dominate the 21st century"-- Provided by publisher.
"The riveting, secret story of the hundred-year intelligence war between Russia and the West with lessons for our new superpower conflict with China. Spies is the history of the secret war that Russia and the West have been waging for a century. Espionage, sabotage, and subversion were the Kremlin's means to equalize the imbalance of resources between the East and West before, during, and after the Cold War. There was nothing "unprecedented" about Russian meddling in the 2016 US presidential election. It was simply business as usual, new means used for old ends. The Cold War started long before 1945. But the West fought back after World War II, mounting its own shadow war, using disinformation, vast intelligence networks, and new technologies against the Soviet Union. Spies is an inspiring, engrossing story of the best and worst of mankind: bravery and honor, treachery and betrayal. The narrative shifts across continents and decades, from the freezing streets of St. Petersburg in 1917 to the bloody beaches of Normandy; from coups in faraway lands to present-day Moscow where troll farms, synthetic bots, and weaponized cyber-attacks being launched on the woefully unprepared West. It is about the rise and fall of eastern superpowers: Russia's past and present and the global ascendance of China. Mining hitherto secret archives in multiple languages, Calder Walton shows that the Cold War started earlier than commonly assumed, that it continued even after the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991, and that Britain and America's clandestine struggle with the Soviet government provides key lessons for countering China today. This fresh reading of history, combined with practical takeaways for our current great power struggles, make Spies a unique and essential addition to the history of the Cold War and the unrolling conflict between the United States and China that will dominate the 21st century"-- Provided by publisher.

"Making a significant, novel contribution to the burgeoning international literature on the topic, this Handbook charts the various methodological, theoretical, comparative and empirical dimensions of a future research agenda on ministerial and political advisers. With an international approach, a diverse range of expert and emerging scholars perform a thorough sociodemographic analysis of political and ministerial actors across different administrative traditions around the globe. Chapters examine their emergence on the executive stage, the circumstances and various institutional arrangements in which they operate, their contributions as policy workers and their turbulent relationship with the media. Questioning normative stances surrounding corruption in political-administrative relations, this transdisciplinary Handbook provides a constructive, nuanced understanding of the nature and agency of ministerial and political advisers. Addressing both historical and contemporary matters relevant to ministerial and political advisers, this innovative Handbook will prove vital to students and scholars of politics, regulation and governance, public administration, policy and management, and international politics. With fresh and constructive analyses of the field, it will also be a useful resource for private-sector and governmental practitioners seeking insights into the roles and impacts of these advisers" -- Provided by publisher.

• Part I. Introduction
• Part II. Can the people rule?
• Part III. Making deliberation practical
• Part IV. Reimagining democratic possibilities.

Democracy requires a connection to the 'will of the people'. What does that mean in a world of 'fake news', relentless advocacy, dialogue mostly among the like-minded, and massive spending to manipulate public opinion? What kind of opinion can the public have under such conditions? What would democracy be like if the people were really thinking in depth about the policies they must live with? If they really 'deliberated' with good information about their political choices? This book argues that 'deliberative democracy' is not utopian. It is a practical solution to many of democracy's ills. It can supplement existing institutions with practical reforms. It can apply at all levels of government and for many different kinds of policy choices. This volume speaks to a recurring dilemma: listen to the people and get the angry voices of populism or rely on widely distrusted elites and get policies that seem out of touch with the public's concerns. Instead, there are methods for getting a representative and thoughtful public voice that is really worth listening to. Democracy is under siege in most countries, where democratic institutions have low approval and face a resurgent threat from authoritarian regimes. Deliberative democracy can provide an antidote and can reinvigorate our democratic politics. Democracy When the People Are Thinking draws on the author's research with many collaborators on 'Deliberative Polling'-a process conducted in 27 countries on six continents. It contributes both to political theory and to the empirical study of public opinion and participation. It should interest anyone concerned about the future of democracy and how it can be revitalized"-- Provided by publisher

• Signature moments, 1846-1849
• Eruptions and democracies
• Petitions, prayers, and their venues
• Petitioning in the Settler Republic : space, capital, soldiers
• First nations, first wave petitioners
• Slavery, skin, and black strategy
• Patriotes and rebels : petitioning and parliamentary sovereignty in French Canada
• Producers, electors, city democrats
• The coalescence of opposition : from the Bank War to Canadian reform
• Abolition and the transformation of U.S. politics
• Women contesting collectively : work, war, Iglesia, and the ballot
• The eclipse of lordship : petitioning and land tenure in the United States and Canada
• Native continuance, native governance : the closure of petition democracy in the U.S. South, 1839-1860
• Freedom and the petitioner's democracy.

"Known as the age of democracy, the nineteenth century witnessed the extension of the franchise and the rise of party politics. As Daniel Carpenter shows, however, democracy in America emerged not merely through elections and parties, but through the transformation of an ancient political tool: the petition. A statement of grievance accompanied by a list of signatures, the petition afforded women and men excluded from formal politics the chance to make their voices heard and to reshape the landscape of political possibility. Democracy by Petition traces the explosion and expansion of petitioning across the North American continent"-- Provided by publisher.