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This book analyzes major contemporary political and security problems in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Presenting case studies on various CEE countries, it highlights the persistence of non-democratic political trends in the region, with particular emphasis on authoritarianism in Belarus and the illiberal shift in the politics of Hungary and Poland. Also, the book examines the growing geopolitical and military rivalry between the West and Russia in the CEE region, which led to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. After addressing the increasing involvement of external entities such as NATO, the EU, the USA, Germany, France, and China, it highlights serious internal and external challenges to the democratic institutions and international security of CEE that call for new formats of multilateral cooperation to be established by the regions countries. This book is intended for scholars and students of European politics, international relations and security studies, and for anyone interested in the political and security challenges facing the CEE region.

• Introduction: Central Europe, the Dogmen, and the Oak Woods of Berehove
• The Roman Empire, the Huns, and the Nibelungenlied
• The Franks and Charlemagne: The View from Lake Constance
• Avars and Slavs: Destruction and Conversion
• The Return of the Huns, Slave States, and the Shaping of Central Europe
• The Making of the Holy Roman Empire and Central Europe's Wild East
• The Mongol-Tatars, New Cities, and New Knights
• Dynastic Change, Charles IV of Bohemia, the the Prophets of the Antichrist
• Councils, Diets, and the Confusion of the Laws
• Cities, Villages, and Freedoms: From Frisia to Transylvania
• Old Prussia, the Adventures of Henry Bolingbroke, and the Union of Poland and Lithuania
• Merchants, the Hanseatic League, and the Fuggers
• The Dragon in the China Shop and the Habsurg Imagination
• Central Europe's Renaissance, Roman Law, and the Library of the Raven King
• Luther's Reformation, the Badlands of Thuringia, and the Court Painter of Saxony
• The Ottoman Turks and Central Europe's Long Frontier
• Toleration, the Magus, and the Alchemist as Emperor
• Calendars, the Catholic Recovery, and Central Europe's Thirty Years' Civil War
• The Condition of the Countryside: Peasants, Gypsies, Jews, and Others
• Cameralism, Ottoman Endgame, and the Human Laboratory

• Bureaucrats, Sarmatians, and Little Landscapes
• The Prussian Way: Cemetery Marionettes and the Machine State
• Dissecting Europe's Orang-utan: The Partitions of Poland and Lithuania
• Napoleon and the Map of Central Europe
• The Gallant World of Tomcat Murr: Romanticism, the Grimms, and the Hanover Handbook
• 1848 and the Coming of Revolution
• The Revenge of the Generals and the Making of Nations
• Bismarck, Khuen-Hedervary's Croatia, and the Presumption of the Law
• Assimilation, Biology, and the Skull Measurers
• 1914-1918: The War Against Central Europe
• Violence, the City, and 'The Blue Angel'
• The Second World War, Ordinary Central Europeans, and Industrial Murder
• Matyas Rakosi, Stalinist Central Europe, and Its Discontents
• Communist Central Europe and Its Collapse
• Post-Communism: Slavoj Zizek and the Lesson of Laibach

"Central Europe has long been infamous as a region beset by war, a place where, historically, empires clashed and sieges from the east toppled kingdoms and enslaved peoples. Many view the region-comprising present-day Germany, Poland, Hungary, Austria, Slovenia, and Romania, among other countries-as united only by the shared experience of invasions launched by foreign powers, from the Huns of the fourth century, to the Swedes of the seventeenth, to the Russians of the twentieth and twenty-first. Sandwiched between hostile neighbors, Central Europeans have indeed contended with conquest for centuries. But the full story of region encompasses far more than its battles. In The Middle Kingdoms, Martin Rady offers the definitive history of Central Europe, highlighting how the region's preoccupation with invasion has led not only violent conflicts but also tremendous accomplishments in politics, society, and culture. In the Middle Ages, Central Europe was distinguished by its assemblies of noblemen, self-governing cities, and strong village communities. The region's peoples viewed their land as the home of knightly chivalry and great Gothic cities, vigilantly protecting Europe from alien incursion. In the early modern period, dynasties of ambitious rulers such as the Austrian Habsburgs crushed these communities in their quest to assemble sprawling empires. Eager to conquer external foes, they turned duchies, lordships, and kingdoms into family possessions, and for much of the modern era Central Europe served as the seat of European empire. Fierce rivalries over land and power made the region's experience of nation-building intense and often violent, from the devastation of the Napoleonic Wars to the atrocities of the Third Reich. But even as Central Europe engaged in hostilities with its neighbors, it reshaped trends from surrounding nations and exported its own. Central Europeans launched the Reformation, developed the philosophy of the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, originated the Romantic movement, and advanced some of the twentieth century's most important trends in art and cinema, from Expressionism to absurdist drama. More than simply the faultline between Western and Eastern Europe, the region has long possessed a cohesive identity of its own, even as its nations have remained diverse and enduringly distinct from each other. Sweeping in scope, The Middle Kingdoms draws on a lifetime of research and scholarship to tell as never before the panoramic and captivating story of Central Europe's rich, complex past and its enduring influence on world affairs"-- Provided by publisher

• Remerciements
• Principales abréviations
• 1. Le grand espoir du XIXe siècle : une révolution allemande
• Au pays de l'idée révolutionnaire
• Réforme sociale ou révolution ?
• Un mouvement plurinational : le cas autrichien
• Oligarchie et intégration
• Le modèle de la révolution mondiale ?
• La veille de la guerre
• 2. 1918-1922. L'incertaine République : Triomphe, décadence et stabilisation
• De la "tréve" à la contestation
• Le tournant de janvier 1918 : grèves et conseils ouvriers
• Novembre 1918 : la révolution en marche
• La guerre inachevée
• Une "défaite devenue victoire" ?
• L'échec des premiers communistes : l'impossible République soviétique
• 1919, de Berlin à Budapest vers la révolution mondiale
• 1919, la révolution continue : Munich, l'espoir du Sud
• Une "victoire" du communisme ?
• Terminer la révolution ? Des traités de paix à la grève générale
• 3. t Au pays des Soviets". Radicalités politiques et conseils ouvriers
• Aux origines des conseils ouvriers
• Expériences des conseils ouvriers
• Théoriser le "conseillisme"
• Le "conseillisme" : des structures
• Les impasses de la démocratie radicale
• Devenir pratique et théorique du "conseillisme"
• 4. La "question (l'Orient" : colonialisme, russophobie, an isémitisrne
• L'héritage du socialisme colonial
• Présences russes et bolcheviques : russophiles et russophobes
• Antisémitisme, orientalisme et "judéo-bolchevisme"
• Orient et/ou Occident : le socialisme à la croisée des chemins
• Vers un changement de paradigme ?
• 5. line "révolution trahie" ? République, socialisme et contre-révolution
• L'entrée en révolution : un "patrimoine d'énergie révolutionnaire" en action
• Comment devenir (ou non) révolutionnaire : trajectoires en révolution
• Violences révolutionnaires
• Les multiples visages de la "contre-révolution"
• Une ère nouvelle : révolution et parti
• Une révolution "limitée" ?
• Propriété et socialisation de l'économie
• 6. Les années 1920 : survivances révolutionnaires
• Mourir en révolutionnaire
• Le tournant de 1923 : défense de la nation et alliances
• L'autre "socialisme" : de la "droite révolutionnaire" au national-socialisme
• "Berlin bleibt Rot" ("Berlin reste rouge")
• "Rote Wien" "Vienne la rouge", ou le socialisme au pouvoir dans une capitale
• Entre socialisme juridique et "dictature du prolétariat" voies sociales-démocrates.

"Le 30 janvier 1933, lorsque Adolf Hitler accède au pouvoir en Allemagne, un de ses objectifs est de mettre fin à "novembre 1918". Il désignait ainsi l'esprit révolutionnaire et républicain né à la fin de la Grande Guerre, coupable selon lui d'avoir mis son pays à genoux. Un an plus tard, à Vienne, Engelbert Dollfuss écrase dans le sang le mouvement ouvrier autrichien. En dépit de leurs différences, Hitler et Dollfuss partageaient une même volonté : liquider les mouvements socialistes et communistes les plus puissants d'Europe. Quinze ans plus tôt à Berlin, Vienne, Budapest, Munich, la révolution était à l'ordre du jour dans tout l'espace de la Mitteleuropa. Les républiques proclamées comme les expériences de démocratie "par en bas" se multiplient. Des épisodes, désormais largement oubliés et refoulés, sans lesquels l'histoire de ces pays est pourtant incompréhensible. Refusant d'écrire l'histoire en considérant comme inévitable la fin tragique de 1933, le présent ouvrage revient sur ces expériences, et montre que d'autres possibles existaient."--Page 4 of cover.

• Možnosti vědecké spolupráce. Transdisciplinarita v historických vědách / Jiří Kroupa
• Formy a proměny kulturního dějepisectví. Dvě podoby kulturních dějin / Jiří Kroupa
• Hledání kultury : pokusy o kulturní dějiny v českém dějepisectví na přelomu 19. a 20. století / Tomáš Borovský
• Fenomén kulturních dějin v českém dějepictví první poloviny 20. století / Jiŕí Lach
• Kulturní dějiny jako alternativa v české historiografii mezi Únorem a Listopadem : předběžný přehled / Milan Řepa
• Insignie moci a neviditelné působenní prostoru : komentář k ikonologii a interpretaci politické architektury / Jindřich Vybíral
• Metody a přístupy. Obrazy a imaginace v 17. a 18. století : Katolická kultura / Pavel Suchánek, Tomáš Malý
• Obrazy a texty, symboly a imaginace / Radka Nokkala Miltová
• Reprezentace a místa paměti / Tomáš Knoz

• Problémy a případy. Prostor, rituál a tělo : poznámky k dialogu performativity a materiální kultury v pozdní antice a ve středověku / Ivan Foletti -- Liturgický a veřejný prostor kostela a města : město a františkánii na příkladu Olomouce / Antonín Kalous
• Stavebník a stavitel : źmek jako místo reprezentace a místo paměti / Tomáš Knoz, Ondřej Jakubec
• Epitafy a sepulkrálie raného novověku : vizuálně-textová média a sociální prostor jejich komunikace / Ondřej Jakubec, Tomáš Knoz
• Zrození občana : řeč obrazů a řeč textů v rakouských zákonicích osvícenské doby / Zdeňka Stoklásová
• Reprezentace místních národních komunit : spolkové domy v 19. století / Jiří Malíř -- Národní styl bez nacionalismu, nacionalismus bez národního stylu / Jindřich Vybíral
• Otázka transnacionálního místa paměti : Habsburská říše / Catherine Horelová
• Sociální role mýtu : metodologické variace a inspirace / Lukáš Fasora, Jǐří Hanuš -- Kolektivní paměť města ; Olomoucká oslava domnělého vítězství v bitvě nad Mongoly / Jiří Němec
• Obrazy minulosti v nově osídleném pohraničí Československa : kulturní paměť a lokální historická identita v Jáchymově a Mikulově / Tomáš Dvořák
• Závěrečné téze. Deset tezí k práci transdisciplinárního centra

• List of Figures and Tables
• Notes on Contributors
• Introduction: How Values and Attitudes Influence Illiberal Tendencies in Central Europe
• Sanja Hajdinjak, Beatrice-Elena Chromkova Manea, and Roman Chytilek
• 1 Political (Dis)Trust in Central Europe: Mechanisms and Regional Variety
• Sanja Hajdinjak, Gorana Misic, and Tamara Kolaric
• 2 The Voters of Populist Radical Right Parties in cee: How Radical Are They?
• Roman Chytilek and Vlastimil Havlik
• 3 Are There Generational Differences in the Support for Democracy in Central European Countries?
• Lukas Linek and Ales Vomacka
• 4 Explaining Attitudes towards Immigrants and Immigration through the Lenses of National Identity and Political Culture
• Beatrice Chromkova Manea and Bernadette Nadya Jaworsky
• 5 Authoritarianism and Attitudes toward the Environment in Croatia: A Central European Perspective
• Krunoslav Nikodem and Tijana Trako Poljak
• 6 The Perception of Migrants in the Labor Market: The Czech Experience
• Martin Hrabalek
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

"We have to abandon liberal methods and principles of organizing a society. The new state that we are building is an illiberal state, a non-liberal state", Hungarian Prime Minister Victor Orban famously said in 2014, exemplifying a broader trend taking place in Central Europe. Why would the countries that were praised as democratization and Europeanization success stories take an illiberal turn? This volume explores changing values and attitudes to explain events that took place in the aftermath of the financial and migration crisis in six Central European countries: Croatia, Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface Introduction
• Chapter 1: Central Europe as a Counter-Hegemonic Concept
• Chapter 2: "The End of Central Europe?" The European Migration Crisis and the Contestation of Identities in the Visegrad Four
• Chapter 3: An ad hoc Region: On Central Europe's Embedded Revisionism
• Chapter 4: Czech Republic and Slovakia: The Post-Crisis Core-Periphery Debate
• Chapter 5: Poland: Heroic Failures and Tragic Resistance
• Chapter 6: Hungary: The Freedom Fight of an Ideological Entrepreneur
• Chapter 7: The Pandemic is What the Populists make of it? The Virus Signifier and Identity Politics in the Visegrad Four Conclusion: Did the Return to Europe Become a Return to the Margin? References About the Author.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book examines the politics and international relations of Central Europe (the Visegrad Four) three decades after the fall of communism. Once bound together by a common geopolitical vision of "returning to the West, " the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia now find themselves in a more ambiguous position. The 2015 European migration crisis exposed serious normative differences with Western Europe, leading to a collective V4 rebellion against the European Union's migration policies. At the same time, as this book demonstrates-despite this normative rift with Western Europe and despite the democratic backsliding in some of the V4 states-they remain deeply dependent on the West in both symbolic and material terms. Furthermore, ways in which individual Central European states position themselves vis-a-vis the West exhibit notable differences, informed by their specific political and cultural legacies. The author examines these in separate country chapters. This book also contains a chapter that analyzes the effect of the COVID-19 crisis on political discourses in the V4.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction / Cédric Brélaz and Els Rose
• Part I. Local Communities, Citizenship, and Civic Participation in the Early Roman Empire (1st-3rd Century CE)
• Local Citizenship and Civic Participation in the Western Provinces of the Roman Empire / Clifford Ando
• Democracy, Citizenship(s), and 'Patriotism': Civic Practices and Discourses in the Greek Cities under Roman Rule / Cédric Brélaz
• Part II. Local Identities, Civic Government, and Popular Participation in Late Antiquity
• Civic Identity and Civic Participation in Constantinople / Anthony Kaldellis
• Social Status and Civic Participation in Early Byzantine Cities / Avshalom Laniado
• Informal Expressions of Popular Will in Late Roman Africa / Julio Cesar Magalĥes de Oliveira
• Urban Identities in Late Roman Italy / Pierfrancesco Porena
• Cities and Civic Identities in Late Roman and Visigothic Spain / Michael Kulikowski
• Part III. Rephrasing Citizenship
• Personal Identity in the Later Roman Empire / Ralph Mathisen
• A Relationship of Justice: Becoming the People in Late Antiquity / Peter Van Nuffelen
• Reconfiguring Civic Identity and Civic Participation in a Christianizing World: The Case of Sixth-Century Arles / Els Rose
• Legalizing Ethnicity: The Remaking of Citizenship in Post-Roman Gaul (6th-7th Centuries) / Stefan Esders and Helmut Reimitz
• Part IV. Expressions of Civic Identity in the Early Middle Ages
• Urban Populations in Early Islam: Self-Identification and Collective Representation / Mathieu Tillier
• Urban Culture in the Early Medieval West: The Case of the Episcopal Towns in the German Kingdom / Marco Mostert
• Elites and Urban Communities in Early Medieval Italy: Identities, Political Initiatives, and Ways of (Self-) Representation / Gianmarco De Angelis
• Citizenship and Contexts of Belonging: A Postscript / Claudia Rapp

Studies the continuities and discontinuities in the functioning of civic bodies in the late and post-Roman world. During the Ancient Greek and Roman eras, participation in political communities at the local level, and assertion of belonging to these communities, were among the fundamental principles and values on which societies would rely. For that reason, citizenship and democracy are generally considered as concepts typical of the political experience of Classical Antiquity. These concepts of citizenship and democracy are often seen as inconsistent with the political, social, and ideological context of the late and post-Roman world. As a result, scholarship has largely overlooked participation in local political communities when it comes to the period between the disintegration of the Classical model of local citizenship in the later Roman Empire and the emergence of "pre-communal" entities in Northern Italy from the ninth century onwards. By reassessing the period c. 300-1000 CE through the concepts of civic identity and civic participation, this volume will reassess both the impact of Classical heritage with regard to civic identities in the political experiences of the late and post-Roman world, and the rephrasing of new forms of social and political partnership according to ethnic or religious criteria in the early Middle Ages. Starting from the earlier imperial background, the fourteen chapters examine the ways in which people shared identity and gave shape to their communal life, as well as the role played by the people in local government in the later Roman Empire, the Germanic kingdoms, Byzantium, the early Islamic world, and the early medieval West. By focusing on the post-Classical, late antique, and early medieval periods, this volume intends to be an innovative contribution to the general history of citizenship and democracy

• Vorwort
• Der schwierige Einstieg ins Mittelalter
• Spuren der Geschichte
• Von der Forschung zum Geschichtsbild
• Wildnis und Wohnlichkeit
• Landschaft und Geschichte
• Die Naturlandschaft
• Die Verwandlung der Landschaft durch den Menschen
• Die Kulturlandschaft
• Mensch und Umwelt
• Bauen und Wohnen
• Herrschaft und Gesellschaft
• Herrscher, Freie und Beherrschte
• Standesdenken und soziale Gruppen
• Der Klerus
• Adel und Aristokratie
• Das breite Volk
• Randgruppen der Gesellschaft
• Das Alltagsleben
• Das Tagewerk
• Kleidung, Nahrung und Verständigung
• Die Arbeitswelt
• Leben und Sterben
• Das Zeitalter des Glaubens
• Die Organisation der Kirche
• Religiöses Leben
• Glaube und Aberglaube
• Das Fest
• Mittelalterliche Festfreude
• Formen des Festes
• Ständische Feste des Spätmittelalters
• Fest und Obrigkeit
• Recht und Gewalt
• Normen, Sitte, Brauch und Recht
• Das Rechtsdenken
• Rechtsmittel und Rechtsgrundlagen
• Recht und Staat
• Krieg und Frieden
• Der gewalttätige Lebensstil
• Waffen und Kampfweisen
• Krieg und Politik
• Das "finstere Mittelalter" : eine Schlussbetrachtung
• Anhang
• Ausgewählte Einstiegsliteratur
• Glossar
• Ereignisgeschichtliche Zeittafel
• Abbildungsnachweis

• Vorwort
• Karel Hruza : Historiker Zwischen Den Zeiten
• Das Labyrinth der Welt und das Paradies des Herzens / Martin Wihoda
• Erstaunen über wissenschaftliche Erblindung : Hruzas Expeditionen in die Geschichte des 20.Jahrhunderts / Jiří Němec
• Bibliographie der Arbeiten von Karel Hruza
• Urkunden und Herrschaftspraxis Im Hohen und Späten Mittelalter
• Zwei Herrscher : zwei Kanzleien? Urkundenausstellung in Zeiten der Doppelherrschaft / Andrea Rzihacek
• Rund um den Brünner Erbvertrag vom 10. Februar 1364 : zu einem bemerkenswerten Urkundenkomplex im böhmischen Kronarchiv / Christian Lackner
• Ulrich der Rote von Kronberg : Ein edelfreier Ritter aus dem Taunus als Finanzier, Rat und Hofgesinde Kaiser Karls IV / Michael Lindner
• Die Tätigkeit der böhmischen Revisionskommission von 1453-54 unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der von ihr verzeichneten Urkunden König Wenzels IV / Stanislav Bárta
• ... ain hochwirdig gelid des heiligen reichs ... oder : Wer darf zu Recht sitzen über die Reichslandvogtei in Schwaben? / Petra Heinicker
• Mich erbarmit, das das loblich haws Österreich allerweg so cleglich sol berupfet werden : Neue Quellen zum Konflikt zwischen Kaiser Friedrich III. und der Republik Venedig im Jahr 1463 / Daniel Luger
• Juden und Judenverfolgung Im Spätmittelalterlichen Reich
• König Sigismund und seine Regensburger Kammerknechte, oder : Wessen "neue Kleider" bezahlte eine verpfändete jüdische Gemeinde ? / Alexandra Kaar
• Im Zeichen der Wiener Gesera? Die Judenpolitik Herzog Albrechts V. von Österreich in Mähren / Petr Elbel
• Propaganda und Kommunikation Im Spätmittelalter
• Am Anfang war Propaganda : vom widerspenstigen Begriffzu den Umrissen einer politischen Kommunikationskultur in der Zeit Wenzels IV. Ein Erfahrungsbericht / Klara Hübner
• "Erben des Königreichs" und "Kuttenberger Ausländer" : Das politische und nationale Denken einer hussitischen Invektive von 1416 : Analyse und Edition / Dušan Coufal
• Kreuzzug und Universitätsmesse : Zwei Leipziger Predigten aus der Zeit der Hussitenkriege / Pavel Soukup
• Auf der Suche nach den Ursachen des Misserfolgs : Überlegungen zur politischen Propaganda des Deutschen Ordens im Streit mit der polnisch-litauischen Union / Přemysl Bar
• Zum Frustukh gangen mit andern Weiber der Tuchmacher : Die Repräsentation einer ungehorsamen städtischen Gemeinde in der Iglauer Chronik des Martin Leupold von Löwenthal / Martin Čapský
• Repräsentation Am Hof Wenzels IV
• Das Mäzenatentum am Hof Wenzels IV / Robert Novotný
• König Wenzels Ritt über den Werd : Die Wiener Zeit Wenzels IV. mit Blick auf seine illuminierten Handschriften / Maria Theisen
• Krankheit und Tod Der Mächtigen
• He hadde de podagere an den voten : Karl IV. und die Gicht / Olaf B. Rader
• Der Tod der Königin Johanna von Bayern (1386) : Prolegomena zur Erforschung einer neu entdeckten italienischen Quelle / Ondřej Schmidt
• Die Langen Schatten Des Modernen Nationalismus
• Vaterländisches Altertum, "deutsches" Identifikationsobjekt und tschechisches Nationales Kulturdenkmal : Wissenschaftsgeschichtliche Schlaglichter auf das Luditzer Gesangbuch, Žlutický kancionál / Andreas Hermenegild Zajic
• Margarete Kühn und die MGH-Materialien im Salzbergwerk von Stassfurt / Martina Hartmann
• Ein Instrument des Terrors : Das sog. Standgericht in Brünn 18. 5.-3. 7. 1942 / Vojtěch Šustek
• Verzeichnis der Autorinnen und Autoren