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"John Martin (1789-1869) was a London-based, Edinburgh-educated physician interested in anthropological matters. This is his only book. He was inspired to write it by a chance encounter with its subject, William Mariner (1791-1853) who spent four years (1806-1810) in Tonga, in the South Pacific, one of the earliest European residents at a time before European influence disturbance or modification society. Mariner, an extraordinarily mature and perceptive youth, became thoroughly imbued with Tongan language and culture as the adopted son of the most powerful chief in Tonga. Thanks to Martin's intelligent engagement with Mariner resulted in a compelling narrative and a comprehensive account of Tongan society which became a classic. Often celebrated as an extraordinary real-life adventure story, it is a pioneering work of anthropology, and for 200 years it has been a primary and authoritative source for research into Tongan history and culture"-- Provided by publisher

• List of Maps and Illustrations / Preface and Acknowledgements / List of Abbreviations / INTRODUCTION / 1. The Author and his Manuscript / a: John Looker: the man behind the 'Journall' / b: Looker's 'Journall': an Example of Artisanal Autobiography / c: Looker's 'Journall': the Provenance of National Maritime Museum MS PHB/6 / 2. The Early History of the Blackham Galley / a: Construction and Purchase / b. The Blackham Galley's First Voyage (1694-6) / 3. Looker's Journey on the Blackham Galley (1696-1698) / a: The Outward Voyage: Gravesend to Messina, Smyrna and Istanbul: 12th December 1696 to 20th April 1697 / b: Privateering and Detention in Smyrna: 20th April 1697 to 2nd January 1698 / c: The Return Voyage: Smyrna to Messina, Malaga, and the Thames
• 2nd January-14th March 1698 / 4. Understanding Looker's 'Journall' / a: John Looker as a Tourist / b: Risks and Dangers of the English Levant Trade / c: Consuls' roles and the Ottoman interdict / d: Social Relations on board the Blackham Galley / e: Health, Sickness and Death on board / 5. The End of the Blackham Galley / 6. Editorial Conventions Adopted in the Transcription of Looker's Journal / THE 'JOURNALL' OF JOHN LOOKER, SHIP'S SURGEON / APPENDICES / 1. Lord Paget, the Ottomans, and the Detention of the Blackham Galley / 2. Identified Members of the Company of the Blackham Galley under Captain Charles Newnam / 3. Wills of Members of the Crew of the Blackham Galley /4. The Homeward Lading of the Blackham Galley, 13th May-29th December 1697 as Recorded in John Looker's Journall / 5. Documents on the Appraisal and Sale of the Blackham Galley, London, February 1699 / 6. The will, drawn up on 8 Feb. 1714/5 (OS), of John Looker, surgeon, who died at Bath 23 May 1715 / BIBLIOGRAPHY / INDEX.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This volume publishes for the first time, the journal kept by John Looker (?1670-1715) recording his service as ship's surgeon on the Blackham Galley, a London-built merchantman on its second trading voyage to the Levant, between December 1696 and March 1698. Preserved in the Caird Library of the National Maritime Museum, Looker's 'Journall' describes his experiences on the voyage from the point at which he joined the ship at Gravesend, to March 1698, when the journal breaks off abruptly in mid-sentence when the ship was off the Kentish 'Narrows'. John Looker was a Londoner, brought up in one of the parishes to the east of the City which furnished large numbers of mariners to the English sea-borne trades. He served an apprenticeship to a London barber-surgeon, and became a Freeman of the Company of Barber-Surgeons. His fifteen months of service on board the Blackham Galley appears to have been his only employment at sea, but his ready knowledge of maritime ways and language, which are apparent from the first pages of his 'Journall', make it more than likely that he came from a seafaring family. Subsequent to his voyage, he married, raised a family, practiced in London as a surgeon, and acquired land in East Anglia. He died at Bath in 1715. Looker's 'Journall' divides naturally into three parts. The Blackham Galley's outward and homeward voyages were largely without incident. The time spent by the Blackham Galley in Turkish waters, covers its voyage from Smyrna to Constantinople, where the ship stayed for a month, and then returned to Smyrna. Captain Newnam's ill-advised and disastrous attempt at privateering in Ottoman waters on the return journey to Smyrna, led to the detention of his vessel at Smyrna under a double interdict from the English ambassador at the Porte and from the Ottoman authorities. Looker's account of the Blackham Galley's enforced stay in Smyrna furnishes a vigorous and detailed account of social life in the international merchant community, as well as portside life seen 'from below', with its taverns and prostitutes, and the activities and frequent 'debauches' of an increasingly bored and fractious crew. Looker's record also provides interesting detail of his professional approach to treatment of the illnesses, accidents and occasional deaths of members of the company of his own and other ships anchored off Smyrna.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• PART 1: INTRODUCTION / 1. Early Modern Anglo-Venetian Contacts / 2. English Travellers to Venice 1450-1548 / 3. English Travellers to Venice 1548-1600 / 4. Giacomo Franco's Engravings of Venice / 5. Maps of Venice /
• PART 2: ENGLISH TRAVELLERS TO VENICE 1450-1600 / 1. c.1454 'The Physician's Handbook' of Richard 'Esty' or Richard 'of Lincoln' / 2. 1458/1462 The 'Itineraries' of William Wey / 3. 1458 and 1460 John Tiptoft, Earl of Worcester / 4. c.mid-1460s-c. early 1470s Sir Edmund Wighton / 5. c.1492/93-97 Thomas Linacre / 6. c.1498/1500 Informacon for pylgrymes unto the holy londe / 7. 1506 Sir Richard Guildford's chaplain, Thomas Larke / 8. c.1511-14 The Pylgrymage of Master Robert Langton / 9. 1513 Sir Thomas Newport and Sir Thomas Sheffield / 10. 1517 Sir Richard Torkington / 11. c.1521-c.1526, 1532-6 Reginald Pole / 12. c.1520s-1550 Edmund (Sigismund) Harvell / 13. 1527 Thomas Wyatt and Sir John Russell / 14. c.1538-42 Andrew Bo(o)rde / 15. 1545 The sinking of the Mary Rose and Venetian salvage attempts / 16. 1545/48 The Historie of Italie by William Thomas / 17. 1548/1550 and 1554/55 Sir Thomas Hoby and the Protestant English community at Venice and Padua / 18. 1550-56 Peter Vannes (Pietro Vanni of Lucca), English Ambassador to Venice / 19. 1552 Roger Ascham / 20. 1564 Richard Smith's account of Sir Edward Unton's visit to Venice / 21. 1570 and 1589 Henry Cavendish / 22. 1573-4 Philip Sidney at Venice, with Griffin Madox, Harry Whyte, John Fisher, Thomas Coningsby, Lodowick Bryskett and Edward Lord Windsor / 23. 1575-6 Edward de Vere, Earl of Oxford / 24. 1575/77 Sir John North and his servant Hugh Lochard / 25. c.1575 Sir Henry Unton / 26. 1580 James Crichton / 27. 1581 Arthur Throckmorton / 28. 1581 Laurence Aldersey / 29. 1587/88 Stephen Powle / 30. Venetian intelligence about the Spanish Armada in 1588 / 31. 1588 Edward Webbe (1553/54-after 1592) / 32. 1591 Sir Henry Wotton / 33. 1593-5, 1596, 1597 Fynes Moryson / 34. 1595 Henry Piers / 35. English attitudes to Venice by 1600 / APPENDIX: Venetian Locations, Institutions and Ceremonies.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

English Travellers to Venice 1450 -1600 contains 35 separate accounts (with 27 colour and 45 black and white illustrations) of the experiences of a wide range of English travellers to Venice. These accounts, drawn from contemporary manuscript and printed sources, provide vivid impressions of the challenges and hardships endured by visitors to the city and of the complexities of Anglo-Venetian relations during the pre- and post-Reformation periods. They also communicate these travellers' sense of wonder at the city's grandeur and artistic treasures and their enduring fascination with Venice's republican government, political structures and Mediterranean possessions. These travellers include pilgrims, scholars, religious exiles, ambassadors, English courtiers and noblemen, eccentric and renegade characters, seafarers and an undercover intelligence gatherer during the late 1580s for Sir Francis Walsingham, Queen Elizabeth's 'spymaster'. This volume's introduction assesses elements of Anglo-Venetian contacts between 1450 and 1600 and examines some specific topics, such as: the leading role of Venetian naval experts in attempts in 1545 to salvage Henry VIII's flagship the Mary Rose; a first-hand account by an English visitor's servant of the disastrous and lethal 1575-7 outbreak of the plague at Venice; and, during the build-up to the Spanish Armada, the impressive international reach of the Venetian intelligence service which enabled the doge and Council to remain well informed about both Spanish and English plans. In addition to the colour plates, illustrating the brilliant artistic achievements of Venetian art by Bellini, Carpaccio, Titian, Veronese and Tintoretto, the volume includes a selection of engravings of Venetian life from the renowned collections of Giacomo Franco. A wide range of illustrations is also included from important early maps of Venice, by Erhard Reuwich for Bernard von Breydenbach's Peregrinatio in Terram Sanctam (1486), Hartmann Schedel's Liber chronicarum (1493), Jacopo de' Barbari's aerial view of Venice (1500) and the stunning map of Venice in Civitates orbis terrarum (1572-1617) by Georg Braun and Frans Hogenberg. Perhaps most remarkable is that many of the locations, buildings, religious objects and artistic treasures described in this volume may still be seen today by visitors to this unique Italian city, renowned for centuries as 'La Serenissima'.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• INTRODUCTION
• 1. The Spice Trade
• 2. The Moluccas at the Time of the Arrival of the Europeans
• 3. Portugal Challenges the Muslim Monopoly
• 4. Spain Challenges the Portuguese Spice Monopoly
• 5. Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdes's General and Natural History
• 6. Book XX of the Second Part of the General History of the Indies: written by Captain Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdes
• 7. Oviedo's source: Andres de Urdaneta
• 8. The Loaysa Expedition to the Spicelands: the Events of the Voyage
• 9. The Years spent by the Spanish survivors in the Moluccas
• 10. Urdaneta and the Tornaviaje, 1565
• 11. The Significance of the Loaysa Expedition
• 12. This Translation
• BOOK XX OF THE SECOND PART OF THE GENERAL HISTORY OF THE INDIES, WRITTEN BY CAPTAIN GONZALO FERNANDEZ DE OVIEDO Y VALDES, WARDEN OF THE FORTRESS AND PORT OF SANTO DOMINGO OF THE ISLAND OF HISPANIOLA, AND HIS MAJESTY'S CHRONICLER
• General Prologue
• Prologue
• CHAPTER
• V. Which treats of the second and infelicitous voyage to the Spicelands, with the second armada that the Emperor, our lord, sent there in the second discovery commanded by Captain-General Fray Garcia Jofre de Loaysa, Knight of the Order of Rhodes, citizen of Ciudad Real
• VI. How Captain-General Fray Garcia Jofre de Loaysa rejoined the other ships of the armada, and of other events that happened to them, and of the giants and people of the Strait of Magellanes to whom Magellanes gave the name Patagones
• VII. What happened to the cleric Don Joan de Areyzaga among the giant Patagones, and of the continuation of their journey in search of the ships of the armada
• VIII. Of some particulars of the people called the giants, and of the birds, fish and other things that those of this armada observed
• IX. Continuing the journey of the armada that went with Commander Fray Garcia de Loaysa, and of some particulars of the river and harbour of Santa Cruz and of that land
• X. Of some particulars of the river of San Alfonso where he had been before, as reported in Chapter IV, and how the armada returned to the Strait of Fernando Magallanes
• XI. Of some particulars of the famous Strait of Ferdinand Magellanes
• XII. Of what happened to Captain Sanctiago de Guevara and to Chaplain Don Juan de Areyzaga and the other Spaniards aboard the pinnace Santiago in their journey beyond the Strait
• XIII. In which is the conclusion of the account of the cleric Don Juan de Areyzaga
• XIV. Of the Strait of Magallanes, its length and width, its notable parts, the giants that inhabit it and other particulars.
• XV. How the third captain-general named Salazar died, and Martin Iniquez de Carquizano was elected to fill the position and continued the voyage to the Maluco-- how they came upon a rich island called Vendanao and what happened to them there
• XVI. How they discovered the Ladrones Islands and came upon a Christian Spaniard who had sailed in the first armada with Captain Ferdinand Magellan
• XVII. How the third captain-general named Salazar died, and Martin Iniquez de Carquizano was elected to fill the position and continued the voyage to the Maluco-- how they came upon a rich island called Vendanao and what happened to them there
• XVIII. Which treats of the province of Cebu and of the trade there with Chinese merchants and in the other islands of the Celebes archipelago, and of the voyage of this flagship
• XIX. Of the embassy that Captain Martin Iniguez de Carquizano sent to the kings of Tidore and of Gilolo-- and of the gracious responses and good will the emissaries received from those kings and how pleased they were at the arrival of those Castilians at their lands
• XX. How the Emperor's captain determined to go see the kings of Tidore and Gilolo and departed in his ship accompanied by their emissaries in their paraos-- how on the way he was given a letter from the captain-general of the king of Portugal and his response to it
• XXI. How the Portuguese went to fight the Castilians at Tidore with many more people than the soldiers of the Emperor-- how the ones and the others fared in this encounter-- and how the Portuguese returned badly damaged to their fortress of Ternate
• XXII. How Captain Martin Iniguez sent a parao to determine if the two ships they saw sailing were of the armada or not-- and how those who set out on this mission captured two paraos at sea and burned a town on the island of Motil that the Portuguese held
• XXIII. How the general sent Captain Urdaneta to search for the ships they had sighted from Camafo-- and how he burned down a town on an island and killed or captured its inhabitants-- and how he came upon eight paraos with Portuguese on board
• XXIV. How Captain-General Martin Iniguez ordered a galleon built to send to Spain because the flagship was no longer seaworthy-- how two paraos of Portuguese came and the Spaniards sallied forth against them
• XXV. Which treats of the arrival of Don Jorge de Meneses in India and of the subsequent differences and wars between the Portuguese and the Castilians-- and how the parties agreed to a truce which was broken by the Portuguese
• XXVI. How Fernando de la Torre was elected captain-general on the death of Martin Iniguez-- how the fusta the Castilians were building in Gilolo was destroyed by a fire secretly set by the Portuguese-- how a principal gentleman of Tidore was killed for sleeping with the queen-- and of other things pertinent to the history
• XXVII. How Quichilhumar, governor of Machian, abandoned the Portuguese and passed over to the Castilian side and how the Portuguese destroyed the city of Machian by means of an Indian traitor-- and of the intervention of the Portuguese and Castilians in support of their allies
• XXVIII. How, at the Emperor's command, the governor of New Spain sent a galleon and crew to the Spicelands to learn of Captain Fray Garcia de Loaysa's armada, and found things in the state that has been related, and of what happened on the galleon's arrival
• XXIX. How Hernando Cortes's galleon, captained by Alvaro de Saavedra, departed the Maluco carrying some Portuguese prisoners and the despicable thing they did to the captain in stealing the ship's boat-- and how the ship returned to Tidore
• XXX. How ...Captain Saavedra's galleon returned to the Maluco to be cleared to return to New Spain-- how the king of Gilolo and special friend of the Castilians died-- how Tidore was lost as well as our fortress by the treason and mutiny of Fernando de Bustamante
• XXXI. How the galleon of Governor Hernando Cortes returned a second time, coming to Camafo-- and how Captain Fernando de la Torre renewed the war because the Portuguese did not live up to the agreement-- and how the Indians on both sides made peace among themselves and agreed to kill the Castilians and the Portuguese
• XXXII. How Gonzalo Pereyra came to the Maluco as the king of Portugal's captain and arrested Don Jorge de Meneses-- and how Gonzalo Pereyra and the Castilians re-established the peace between the parties-- and how the Indians of Ternate rose up against the Portuguese, ...and how the Portuguese recovered their fortress and ... the Castilians sent to India to request passage to Spain
• XXXIII. How the Portuguese took the city of Gilolo where the Castilians were and how the Castilians and their captain passed over to the Portuguese and went with them to their fortress in Ternate where Captain Tristan de Atayde gave them the two thousand ducats that the Portuguese governor of India granted them for their journey
• XXXIV. A description of the clove islands called the Maluco, and an account of the clove gathered in each island one year to the next-- and of their customs, marriages, conduct and merchandise exchanged between those people-- and likewise of the Celebes Islands, the Banthan Islands
• XXXV. Of some customs, ceremonies, and rites of the Indians of the Spicelands-- and of how the Castilians left Maluco for India, passing by way of Java-- and especially of Captain Urdaneta, the one who most travelled and saw things of those parts
• XXXVI. Of a remarkable case of a fruit resembling almonds, and how many of them are found on a small islet without there being an almond tree or any tree that bears such a fruit on that island nor is that fruit produced where it is found-- rather it comes by air
• APPENDICES
• 1. The narrative which Andres de Urdaneta submits to your Majesty of the fleet which your Majesty despatched to the Spice Islands under the Comendador Loaysa, in the year 1525
• 2. Narrative of all that was traversed and discovered by the Captain Alvaro de Sayavedra who sailed from the port of Yacatulo in New Spain on November 1st, 1527: which fleet was despatched by Don Hernan Cortes, Marquis of Valle.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdes, (1478-1557), warden of the fortress and port of Santo Domingo of the Island of Hispaniola, also served his emperor, Charles V, as the official chronicler of the first half-century of the Spanish presence in the New World. His monumental General y Natural Historia de las Indias, consisting of three parts, with fifty books, hundreds of chapters and thousands of pages, is still a major primary source for researchers of the period 1492-1548. Part One, consisting of 19 books, was first published in 1535, then reprinted and augmented in 1547, with a third edition, including Book XX, the first book of Part II, appearing in Valladolid in 1557. Book XX, which was printed separately in Valladolid in 1557 (the year of Oviedo's death), concerns the first three Spanish voyages to the East Indies. While it might be expected that the narrative of Magellan's voyage would predominate in Book XX, Oviedo devoted only the first four chapters to this monumental voyage. The remaining thirty-one concern the two subsequent and little-known Spanish follow-up expeditions to the Moluccas 1525-35. The first, initially led by Garcia Jofre de Loaysa, set out from Coruna to follow Magellan's route through the Strait and across the Pacific. A second relief expedition under Alvaro Saavedra was sent out in search of Loaysa's company from the Pacific coast of New Spain in 1527. In each venture only one vessel reached the Spice Islands. Oviedo's narrative offers many details of the 10 years of hardships and conflict with the Portuguese, endured by the stoic Spanish, and of the growing unrest it provoked among their indigenous hosts. The news that Charles V had pawned his claim to the King Joao III of Portugal allowed a very few of the Spaniards to negotiate a passage back to Spain via Lisbon, while others remained in Portuguese settlements in the East Indies. The reports made by the returnees to the Consejo de Indias were integrated by Oviedo into his narrative, expanded and enriched by personal interviews. His chronicle includes much information about the indigenous culture, commerce, geography and of the exotic fauna and flora of the Spice Islands.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• INTRODUCTION
• Ship's Surgeons of the Early-Modern Era
• William Fergusson, Apprentice Apothecary-Surgeon
• European Medicine and the Indian Ocean World
• A Manifesto of the Enlightenment
• The Text
• THE VOYAGES OF WILLIAM FERGUSSON
• Voyage 1: Passage from Ayr to London, 7 June-16 July 1731
• Voyage 2: London to Calcutta, 30 January 1733-12 August 1734
• Voyage 3: London to the Malabar Coast, 1 December 1735-30 April 1737
• Voyage 4: London to Canton, 6 October 1737-15 July 1739
• BIBLIOGRAPHY
• INDEX.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This volume brings to publication for the first time the manuscript of William Fergusson, a Scottish ship's surgeon who sailed for the East India Company in the 1730s. Written in 1767, while in retirement, Fergusson's diaries are the memories of his youth spent travelling the world during his apprenticeship. They detail the four voyages he took, the first, a passage from Scotland to England with a lading in Ireland, and three others to the East, calling at ports in the Atlantic, southern Africa, Arabia, India, and Southeast Asia, before reaching as far as China. Almost nothing is known of Fergusson and none of his other writings are known to survive. Remaining evidence suggests that he was an average man of his class, who travelled the well-plied trade routes of European merchant capitalism. While many logbooks of these voyages survive, comparatively few accounts were written by the men who sailed them. Fewer still ever come to light. Fergusson's manuscript offers a rare new source on what were by then the relatively routine voyages of the East India Company's early trading network, providing a treasure trove of comments on the politics, economics, societies, and religious beliefs and practices he witnessed along the way. Originally titled 'Journals of my Voyages & Manifesto', the name suggests Fergusson's manuscript offers far more than the insights usually contained in contemporary travelogues. In his manifesto, readers will discover Fergusson's impassioned polemics on natural religion, devotional 'enthusiasm', just governance, all while he implores the principles of rationality and reason. It is truly a manifesto of Enlightenment thought. As such, it also provides a unique example of how those who sailed for the East India Company during the early modern era participated in a global intellectual exchange of ideas. Fergusson wrote his private memories in twenty-two small bound booklets, all of which have been transcribed and annotated to guide the reader. These are presented here along with a critical introduction that contextualises the complex eighteenth-century world into which Fergusson voyaged, including elements of his role as a ship's surgeon, the Indian Ocean trading and political environment, and the ideas of the Enlightenment he so passionately expressed. Researchers interested in the histories of ideas, medicine, early-modern colonialism, maritime merchant empires, as well as historians of Africa and Asia, will find much new information to explore within the pages of this volume.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface and acknowledgements
• A note on Illustrations
• List of maps and illustrations
• A Note on edition, translation and orthography
• Glossary
• Introduction
• Indigenous aristocracy and colonial history
• The author Candranegara and his network in a hybrid world
• Travel bestows authority
• The literary background of The Travels
• Account of the travels of Raden Mas Purwalelana, Volume One
• Preface by the person who made the corrections to this book
• Preface by the author
• The first journey
• From Salatiga to Semarang
• Semarang
• From Semarang to Batavia and visit to Batavia
• Bogor
• The Priangan Residency
• Ciamis and Cirebon
• The residencies of Tegal and Pekalongan, and back to Semarang
• The second journey
• From Salatiga to Semarang and Surabaya
• Surabaya
• The residency of Pasuruan
• The Tengger mountain ridge (continued) and the residency of Probolinggo
• The residency of Besuki
• Towards and in the residency of Banyuwangi
• From Sumberwaru back to Surabaya, and the regency of Mojokerto
• The residency of Kediri
• From Surabaya to Sedayu
• The residency of Rembang
• The residency of Jepara
• The regency of Demak, residency of Semarang
• The Travels of Raden Mas Arya Purwalelana, Volume Two
• The third journey
• Surakarta
• The regency of Pacitan and the residency of Madiun
• From Surakarta to the border of the residency of Madiun
• The residency of Madiun
• The residency of Rembang
• The regencies of Grobogan and Demak. The residency of Semarang
• The fourth journey
• The department of Ambarawa
• Mount Jambu and the residency of Kedu
• The principality of Yogyakarta
• Appendix A. A brief summary of pre-nineteenth century Javanese history
• The early Kingdoms
• New Islamic states and the VOC
• Appendix B. Alun-alun and kraton
• The kraton as centre of worldly power
• The kraton as sacred centre
• Appendix C. The Javanese calendar
• Appendix D. Colonial administration in Java
• Appendix E. Javanese titles, functions and honorifics
• Appendix F. Javanese
• The Javanese language
• Speech levels
• Appendix G. Javanese poetic conventions
• Appendix H. Weights and measurements
• Appendix I. Botanical names
• Bibliography
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The Javanese nobleman Raden Mas Arya Candranegara V (1837-85), alias Purwalelana, journeyed across his homeland during the rapidly changing times of the nineteenth century. He travelled around 5,000 kilometres by horse and carriage between 1860 and 1875. His eye-witness account, The Travels of Purwalelana, gives an inside view of Java, at the time part of the Dutch East Indies. Candranegara explains habits and traditions of both the Javanese and the Dutch, he describes the architecture of cities and temples and he marvels about the beautiful tropical landscape as well as about the latest technological inventions such as steam trains, horse-drawn trams and gas lanterns. This Hakluyt publication, illustrated with contemporaneous images, presents the rare perspective of an Indonesian traveller living in colonial times. The author grew up as a member of a Javanese noble family in the hybrid world of the colonial upper class. He received a western-style education, but also learnt how to follow Javanese traditions and to be a good Muslim. In 1858 he was appointed to the high rank of Regent of Kudus by the colonial government. Candranegara wrote his book under the pseudonym Purwalelana, probably because he considered publishing to be an adventurous undertaking and possibly also because it gave him freedom to arrange the events in his own way. The Travels represents the first Javanese travelogue ever written and, as such, it broke with existing traditions. Candranegara used prose instead of poetry, wrote from a first-person perspective rather than a third-person, and he described present society rather than dwelling upon the common literary theme of kings in battle. The result is a lively story in which the armchair traveller shares his experiences on the road. It provides its readers with a range of people and topics pivotal to developments in nineteenth century Java, a treasure trove for historians and cultural anthropologists alike. The volume includes 24 colour illustrations.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• List of Maps and Illustrations
• Preface and Acknowledgements
• Abbreviations and Symbols
• Weights, Measurements and Currency
• INTRODUCTION: HENRY WEMYSS FEILDEN, THE NATURALIST IN HMS ALERT, 1875 6
• 1. Prelude and Preparation
• 2. Henry Wemyss Feilden
• 3. Instructions for the Expedition
• 4. Outward Bound
• 5. Winter Quarters
• 6. Sledging in Earnest
• 7. Out of the Ice and Homeward Bound
• 8. Home again: Science, Politics and the Military
• 9. Geology and Specimens
• 10. Palaeobotany
• 11. Zoology
• 12. Coda
• EDITORIAL PRACTICE.
• THE ARCTIC JOURNAL OF CAPTAIN HENRY WEMYSS FEILDEN, RA.
• Prelude. 1 February 15 April 1875.
• Part I. Outward Bound. 20 May-1 September 1875.
• Part II. Winter Quarters. 2 September 1875 1 April 1876.
• Part III. Sledging in Earnest. 2 April 9 June 1876.
• Part IV. Sledging, Natural History, and Scurvy. 11 June 25 July 1876.
• Part V. Out of the Ice and Homeward Bound. 26 July 28 October 1876.
• Part VI. Science, Politics, and the Military. 29 October 1876 7 January 1787.
• APPENDICES
• Appendix A. Letters from Henry Chichester Hart, naturalist in HMS Discovery, to Feilden, received by Feilden in HMS Alert, and inserted by him in his journal.
• Appendix B. Letter from Richard W. Coppinger, surgeon in HMS Discovery, to Feilden, Repulse Bay.
• Appendix C. Chorus: 'The Palaeocrystic Sea'.
• Appendix D. Flora and Fauna in Feilden's Journal.
• Appendix E. List of enclosures in Feilden's journal at the Royal Geographical Society
• Appendix F. H.M.S. ALERT. Winter Routine.
• BIBLIOGRAPHY
• INDEX.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The British Arctic Expedition of 1875-6 was the first major British naval expedition to the high Arctic where science was almost as important as geographical exploration. There were hopes that the expedition might find the hypothetical open polar sea and with it the longed-for Northwest Passage, and it did reach the highest northern latitude to date. The Royal Society compiled instructions for the expedition, and selected two full-time naturalists (an unusual naval concession to science), of whom one, Henry Wemyss Feilden, proved a worthy choice. Feilden was a soldier, who fought in most of the wars in his lifetime, including the American Civil War, on the Confederate side. On board HMS Alert, he kept a daily journal, a record important for its scientific content, but also as a view of the expedition as seen by a soldier, revealing admiration and appreciation for his naval colleagues; he performed whatever tasks were given to him, including the rescue of returning sledge parties stricken by scurvy. He also did a remarkably comprehensive job in mapping the geology of Smith Sound; some of his work, on the Cape Rawson Beds, was the most reliable until the 1950s. He was an all-round naturalist, and a particularly fine geologist and ornithologist. He was not just a collector; he pondered the significance of his findings within the context of the best modern science of his day: in zoology, Charles Darwin on evolution; in botany, Hooker on phytogeography, and in geology, Charles Lyell's system. He illustrated his journal with his own sketches, and also enclosed the printed programmes of popular entertainments held on the ship, and verses for birthdays and sledging (there was a printing press onboard). The journal gives a vigorous impression of a ship's company well occupied through the winter, then increasingly active in sledging and geographical discovery in spring, before the scurvy-induced decision to head home in the summer of 1876. After his return, Feilden had dealings with many scientists and their institutions, finding homes for and meaning in his collections.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• CONTENTS
• List of Maps and Illustrations
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• List of Abbreviations
• Symbols, Weights, Measures and Currency
• Itinerary
• INTRODUCTION
• 1. Brief Biography of John Lee, ne Fiott (1783-1866)
• 2. Lee's Walking Tour of England, Wales and Ireland
• 3. Landscapes of the Home Tour
• 4. The Tour in Ireland
• a. History and Antiquities
• b. Memories of 1798 and 1803 in Lee's Diaries
• 5. Lee as a Scientific Traveller
• 6. Textual Introduction
• a. The Text
• b. Editorial Conventions
• c. Critical Apparatus
• DIARIES OF A TOUR OF ENGLAND, WALES AND IRELAND IN 1806-1807
• 1. Tour from London to Holywell in Wales
• 2. Tour from Holywell to Dublin and Fermoy
• 3. Mallow to Bantry
• 4. Bantry to Castlemain
• 5. Killarney to Dublin
• APPENDIX 1
• 6. Sketchbook, 1806
• 7. Sketchbook, 1806-7
• 8. Sketchbook, 1807
• APPENDIX 2
• Correspondence of John Lee (ne Fiott) Relating to Visits to Ireland in 1806-7 and 1857
• BIBLIOGRAPHY
• INDEX.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

A Scientific, Antiquarian, and Picturesque Tour: John Lee In England, Wales and Ireland, 1806-7, is a critical edition of the travel diaries and sketchbooks of Dr John Lee FRS (ne Fiott, 1783-1866), published for the first time. Shortly after graduating from Cambridge University, Lee set out on a seven-month walking tour through England, Wales, and Ireland on 31 July 1806. His itinerary included most of the key sites on the `home tour', such as Llangollen, the Lakes of Killarney, and the Wicklow Mountains, but also less- visited sites such as the Blasket Islands, Co. Kerry. Best known later in life as an astronomer, antiquary, Liberal campaigner for women's suffrage, and generous philanthropist, Lee's lifelong interest in mineralogy, antiquities, industry, and popular culture, and his concern for the poor, are evident throughout these early diaries. Most of the content relates to Ireland, where Lee arrived on 29 August 1806 and remained until 6 March 1807. His observations paint a picture of Irish social, cultural, and political life in the aftermath of the 1798 and 1803 rebellions, and the 1801 Act of Union. The memory of 1798 looms large in the diaries, as Lee recorded conversations with witnesses and participants on both sides. These observations are laid against the backdrop of Lee's assessments of the Irish landscape, evaluated verbally and pictorially within the frameworks of the sublime and picturesque. Lee also paid much attention to the physical remains of Irish history (earthen forts, early-Christian religious sites) and to the endurance of Gaelic culture (the Irish language, Gaelic games, `pattern' days) that made Ireland exotic to the English visitor. The volume includes an annotated transcription of Lee's five diaries and notes from his three sketchbooks, reproductions of some of his sketches, and a critical introduction setting Lee's diaries within their historical, cultural, and intellectual contexts. It makes Lee's detailed observations available to researchers for the first time, a valuable resource for Irish social, cultural, and political history, local history, and the histories of travel and antiquarianism.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• INTRODUCTION
• 1. The Manuscript and Printed Records of the Voyage Included in this Volume
• a: British Library, Add 88980A, B, C and D Narbrough's `Booke' and accompanying Charts
• b: Bodleian Library, MS Rawl. A. 318
• c: Relationship of BL, Add 88980A to MS Rawl. A. 318
• d: British Library, Add MS 5414,29, `The Sloane Map'
• e: British Library, Maps K. Top 124.84.`The Royal Map'
• f: British Library, Sloane MS 819, Lieutenant Peckett's Journal
• g: Royal Society CI.P/7i/32, Richard Williams's Brief Account
• h: Beinecke Library, Osborn b394, William Chamber's Journal
• 2. Captain John Wood's Account
• a: British Library, Sloane MS 3833, Journal
• b: British Library, Sloane MS 46A, Sailing Directions for the Strait of Magellan
• c: British Library, Sloane MS 46B Wood's Straights of Magellan
• 3. Contemporary Records and Published Accounts Made after Narbrough's Return
• a: Francisco de Seyxas y Lovera, Piratas y contrabandistas
• b: Smith and Walford, An Account of Several Late Voyages &c., 1694
• c: The Published Chart of the Strait of Magellan, 1673
• d: William Hacke's publication of John Wood's `Voyage thro' the Streights of Magellan'
• 4. The Context of Narbrough's Voyage
• 5. The `Proposition' of Narbrough's Voyage
• 6. The Commissioning of John Narbrough
• 7. Narbrough's Ships
• a: The Sweepstakes
• b: The Batchelour
• 8. Captain John Narbrough and his Officers
• a: John Narbrough
• b: Lieutenant Thomas Armiger
• c: Lieutenant Nathaniell Peckett
• d: Abraham Hyatt
• e: Mr John Wood
• f: Mr John Fortescue
• g: Captain Humphrey Fleming
• h: Supernumeraries:Don Carlos Henriquez and Solomon Franco
• 9. The Events of the Voyage
• 10. Interactions with Indigenous Peoples
• 11. The Fate of the Detainees
• 12. Further Information about Don Carlos found in Recently located Materials
• 13. The Spanish Reaction to Narbrough's Voyage
• 14. Navigation
• a: Narbrough's Navigation
• b: Charts
• c: Chambers' Navigation
• 15. Narbrough's Surveying
• 16. The Outcome of the Voyage
• 17. Use of the Published Version of Narbrough's Voyage by Other Navigators
• 18. Historical Opinion on Narbrough's conduct of the Voyage
• 19. Editorial Conventions Adopted in the Transcription of the Manuscripts
• PART I. The Prelude to Narbrough's Voyage
• PART II. Narbrough's Journals
• a: A Jornall Be Gan with his Majesties Shipp the Sweepstakes the 15: Day of may 1669. The Shipp at deptford which Beinge then ordered to fitt. And Keept By Captaine John Narbrough: then Commander of her one [on] her Vojage through the Straits of Magallan: into the South Sea to Baldavia and from thence Back againe unto England to Deptford
• b: This is a part of Sr John Narbrough's voyages, somewhat different from the print
• PART III The records of Nathaniel Peckett, Richard Williams and William Chambers
• a: The Voyage of the King's Shipp Called the Sweepstakes to Baldavia. Annoque Domini1669. By Nathanyell Peckett, Lieutenant
• b: Richard Williams's short accompt
• c: The Journal of William Chambers
• PART IV A Declaration made by one Charles Henrique Clerck off the Proposalls made by the Royall Compania for trade, to his Majestie Anno 1663.
• APPENDICES
• 1. The Legends on the Charts Drawn by John Narbrough
• 2. Place-Names given by Narbrough still in use today
• 3. Personnel: Recruitment and Pay
• 4. Subsequent Publications containing Narbrough's `The Voyage to the South-Sea', 1694.
• BIBLIOGRAPHY
• INDEX.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

In 2009, after a public appeal, the British Library purchased a manuscript `Booke', which Captain Narbrough bought in 1666 and into which he subsequently entered his journals of his voyages and correspondence relating to them. The `Booke' contains his own fair copy of the journal of his voyage through the Strait of Magellan and north to Valdivia in the Sweepstakes, 1669-1671. This is published here for the first time, together with an incomplete and somewhat different copy of the journal, held in the Bodleian Library, which was made for him by a clerk after he returned to England, and which was partially published in 1694. Both versions of the journal together with previously unpublished records made by members of his company, as well as reproductions of the charts which Narbrough relied on and those he produced, are printed here. Narbrough's mission was to carry out a passenger who referred to himself as Don Carlos Enriques and who claimed to have expert knowledge of Peru and Chile, and contacts with disaffected colonists and indigenous peoples. Don Carlos's written proposals to King Charles II and his ministers, only recently discovered, are here translated from Spanish, and give a clear sense of the character, if not the real identity, of an adventurer, who gave the authorities in England, Chile and Peru totally different and changing stories about his status and the purpose of the voyage. Narbrough's conduct of the voyage has been criticized by later authors who have focussed on his inability recover four of his ship's company from detention in Valdivia and the lack of tangible results, in the form of trade or contacts with indigenous groups. The more complete story provided here shows that Narbrough carried out his ambiguous orders to the letter. His chart of the Strait of Magellan remained the principal chart of the area for the next century. King Charles II and James, Duke of York, both recognized his abilities. He was rapidly re-employed in naval service, subsequently knighted, and rose to become a Commissioner of the Navy and Commander in Chief in the Mediterranean.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• INTRODUCTION
• 1. Grant and his Contribution to the Nile Expedition of 1860-1863
• 2. Prelude to the Expedition: East African Development to 1860 and the Idea of the Nile Expedition
• 3. The Nile Problem: Controversy and Credulity
• 4. Grant's Geographical Work and his Views on the Nile Problem
• 5. Grant's Reputation and the Place of his Work and Exploration: a Survey of the Literature
• THE TEXT OF A WALK ACROSS AFRICA WITH EXTRACTS FROM THE JOURNAL
• Preface [by J. A. Grant]
• I Plymouth to Zanzibar
• II Zanzibar and Bagomoyo
• III Journey to Kazeh
• IV Sojourn at Kazeh
• V Journey to Ukuni and Sojourn at Mineenga
• VI Life in Ukuni
• VII Ukuni to Karagwe
• VIII Karagwe
• IX The Uganda March
• X Buganda
• XI From Buganda to Bunyoro and `Captain Speke Proceeds to the Lake Nyanza'
• XII Bunyoro, the Omukama Kamrasi and Embarking on the Nile
• XIII From Bunyoro to an Egyptian Encampment at Faloro
• XIV Life with the Khartoum Traders and News of Speke's Death
• XV Passage through the Bari Country, Gondokoro and the Meetings with Baker and Petherick
• XVI From Gondokoro to Khartoum by Boat
• XVII `A Modern Babylon': Khartoum
• XVIII From Khartoum to Cairo
• APPENDIX A: List of Personal Kit Taken with us from England for the Expedition.
• APPENDIX B: Letter dated 17 November 1864 from Trenham Reeks to Captain Grant
• EPILOGUE
• BIBLIOGRAPHY
• INDEX.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The Nile Expedition of 1860-1863 was one of the most important exploratory expeditions made in the nineteenth century. The long-debated question of the location of the source of the Nile was answered (despite continuing arguments) and the venture had important historical consequences. Earlier accounts of the expedition have assumed James Augustus Grant to have been no more than the loyal second-in-command to John Hanning Speke, the leader. This new edition of Grant's 1864 book, A Walk across Africa, provides the opportunity to re-examine his role. The original text has been fully annotated with explanatory notes and also supplemented by extracts from the very remarkable detailed day-to-day journal which Grant kept. Even more unusually, this edition includes reproductions of the whole visual record which he made consisting of 147 watercolours and sketches. This was the first ever visual record of large parts of East Africa and the Upper Nile Valley region. These documentary and illustrative materials have been drawn from the extensive collection of Grant's papers now in the care of the National Library of Scotland. The Library has co-operated in the preparation of this volume to make possible its special features. Grant emerges as a much more impressive and important figure than has previously been recognised. He was a trained scientist and his narrative is a well-organised perspective on the expedition and its activities. His own growing understanding of Africa and of Africans becomes apparent and helps to explain his later activities. The editor provides a context to the expedition and its results and this includes a new approach to the understanding of the Nile source problem by exposing the credulity of the way many previous commentators have used Ptolemy's information and also by suggesting that the problem should be approached in the light of geological and geomorphological as well as historical information. The Introduction in addition discusses Grant's work in the light of the development of the academic understanding of the history of Africa and of European involvement in the region.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)