%{search_type} search results

• PrefaceAcknowledgements Introduction: Collecting, Observing, and Describing the Natural World. Chapter One: "Scientific Ferment in late Eighteenth Century Edinburgh" Chapter Two: "Scientific Exploration During Voyages of Discovery" Chapter Three: "... the plants of Scotland might be equally useful." Chapter Four: "Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa." Chapter Five: "A good practical Botanist." Chapter Six: "So remote a country as New Holland." Chapter Seven: "The Crew labouring under the Same disorder." Chapter Eight: "Mungo Park's Last Journey." Chapter Nine: "A Tedious and Uncomfortable Passage." Chapter Ten: "Prodrommus, Florae Novae Hollndiae." Chapter Eleven: "Banks's Librarian." Chapter Twelve: "Taking leave of Sir Joseph Banks." Chapter Thirteen: "Pollen Grains of Clarkis pulchella." Epilogue: "The greatest of Banksian botanist-librarians." Bibliography.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Explorer-naturalists Robert Brown and Mungo Park played a pivotal role in the development of natural history and exploration in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. This work is a fresh examination of the lives and careers of Brown and Park and their impact on natural history and exploration. Brown and Park were part of a group of intrepid naturalists who brought back some of the flora and fauna they encountered, drawings of what they observed, and most importantly, their ideas. The educated public back home was able to gain an understanding of the diversity in nature. This eventually led to the development of new ways of regarding the natural world and the eventual development of a coherent theory of organic evolution. This book considers these naturalists, Brown, Park, and their contemporaries, from the perspective of the Scottish Enlightenment. Brown's investigations in natural history created a fertile environment for breakthroughs in taxonomy, cytology, and eventually evolution. Brown's pioneering work in plant taxonomy allowed biologists to look at the animal and plant kingdoms differently. Park's adventures stimulated significant discoveries in exploration. Brown and Park's adventures formed a bridge to such journeys as Charles Darwin's voyage on H.M.S. Beagle, which led to a revolution in biology and full explication of the theory of evolution.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface Introduction Diversity and Endemism Classification Abbreviations Keys and Descriptions Glossary Bibliography Index to Scientific Names.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book provides keys, descriptions and illustrations for about 850 species of liverworts and hornworts, in 148 genera and 47 families, of Colombia and Ecuador. The largest genera are Lejeunea (66 spp.), Plagiochila (65), Frullania (54), Radula (33), Metzgeria (33), Cololejeunea (32), Cheilolejeunea (30), Bazzania (26), Drepanolejeunea (25), Ceratolejeunea (18), Diplasiolejeunea (18), and Syzygiella (18). Species descriptions include brief morphological characterization and discussion with emphasis on characters for identification, world range as well as distribution and habitat in Colombia and Ecuador. Classes, orders, families and genera are also described and the main features for recognition of the genera are briefly discussed. The introduction includes chapters on history of exploration, diversity and endemism, and classification. A glossary, bibliography and index to scientific names are also provided.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Contributors
• In memoriam: Oliver Sacks
• Chapter 1: Introduction and acknowledgements / Nan Li, Dennis Wm. Stevenson, and M. Patrick Griffith
• Anatomy
• Chapter 2: Comparative studies of tracheary element structure of some gymnosperms with angiosperms / Yu-Yuan Huang, Yan-Hua Han, Li-Jun Wei, and Jia-Zhuo Wang
• Chapter 3: Anatomical description of the cytoplasmic connections between the transfer cells and the central cell during its growth stages in Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. and Zamia furfuracea L.F. (Cycadales) / Maria Ydelia Sánchez-Tinoco, Mark Engleman, and Andrew P. Vovides
• Chapter 4: Development cycle of the ovule and seed of Zamia furfuradea L.f. (Cycadales) / Maria Ydelia Sánchez-Tinoco, Andrew P. Vovides, and Mark Engleman
• Chapter 5: Spines and prickles / Dennis Wm. Stevenson
• Conservation
• Chapter 6: An introduction to the IUCN Species Information System Database as the platform for cycad Red List assessments / J. De Wet Bösenberg and John S. Donaldson
• Chapter 7: Botanic gardens cycad collections: 4th GBGC Symposium Report / Andrew P. Vovides, M. Patrick Griffith, Dennis Wm. Stevenson, Nan Li, Yong Li, Shujiao Fang, Dan Qian, Zhirhong Zhong, Aldo Moretti, and Karin van der Walt
• Chapter 8: Range, density, and threatened status of Cycas nongnoochiae / Thomas E. Marler, Anders J. Lindström, and Wes Field
• Chapter 9: Cycas debaoensis conservation project-- a village-based approach / William Tang, Nian Liu, Anders Lindström, Limei Tang, and Michael A. Calonje
• Chapter 10: Cycad ethnobotany in South Africa: Complexities with identifying and quantifying species / Stephen R. Cousins, Vivienne L. Williams, and Ed T.F. Witkowski
• Ecology
• Chapter 11: Impact of disturbance on the demography of the endangered species Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. / Andrés Rivera-Fernández, Lourdes Georgina Iglesias-Andreu, Lázaro R. Sánchez-Velásquez, Pablo Octavio-Aguilar, Mario Vázquez-Torres, N. Flores-Estévez, and Mauricio Luna-Rodríguez
• Chapter 12: Effect of disturbance on population dynamics of Mexican cycads / Pablo Octavio-Aguilar, Andrés Rivera-Fernández, Lourdes Georgina Iglesias-Andreu, Andrew P. Vovides, Miguel Ángel Pérez-Farrera, Manuel Martínez-Melendez, and Jorge González-Astorga
• Chapter 13: Understanding life history of Zamia species using data from field studies and botanical collections / Cristina Lopez-Gallego
• Chapter 14: Hydraulic determination of leaf nutrient concentrations in cycads / Yong-Jiang Zhang, Lawren Sack, Guillermo Goldstein, and Kun-Fang Cao
• Genetics
• Chapter 15: The NEEDLY gene is associated with sexual expression in Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. (Zamiaceae) / N.G. Sánchez-Coello, Lourdes Georgina Iglesias-Andreu, Mauricio Luna-Rodríguez, Pablo Octavio-Aguilar, Mario Vázquez-Torres, Andrés Rivera-Fernández,, and J. Adame-García
• Chapter 16: Using the genetic variation of Cycas taitungensis, an endangered island cycad, to evaluate ex situ conservation strategies / Pei-Chun Liao, Li-Ping Ju, Ya-Zhu Ko, Mai-Hui Chen, Yu-Pin Cheng, and Yu-Chung Chiang
• Chapter 17: Multilocus genome evidence for a paraphyletic relationship and past interspecific gene flow between species of Cycas section Asiorientales / Yu-Chung Chiang, Bing-Hong Huang, Nan Li, Yi-Qing Gong, Hsien-Hui Shen, Shong Huang, and Pei-Chun Liao
• Chapter 18: Conservation genetics of the cycad Cycas hongheensis / Meng-Meng Guan, Wei Zhou, and Xun Gong
• Chapter 19: Phylogeography and conservation genetics of the Caribbean Zamia clade: An integrated systematic approach with SSRs and single copy nuclear genes / Alan W. Meerow, Dayana E. Salas-Leiva, Javier Francisco-Ortega, M. Patrick Griffith, Michael A. Calonje, Dennis Wm. Stevenson, and Kyoko Nakamura
• Chapter 20: DNA barcoding Africa's endemic cycads / Philip Rousseau, Piet J. Vorster, Damon P. Little, and Michelle van der Bank
• Chapter 21: Provenance investigation and genetic diversity in Cycas szechuanensis / Yi-Qing Gong, Nan Li, and Wen-Bo Liao
• Horticulture
• Chapter 22: Spent coffee grounds, insect control, and plant health in cycads / Tracy Magellan, M. Patrick Griffith, Chad E. Husby, and Stella Cuestas
• Chapter 23: Cycad sex ratios at Montgomery Botanical Center / Claudia Calonje, Michael A. Calonje, and Chad E. Husby
• Chapter 24: Evaluating inorganic container media for cultivation of cycads / Chad E. Husby, Vivkie Murphy, Claudia calonje, and Michael A. Calonje
• Chapter 25: Risk analysis on cycad diseases in a global world / Xinrong Wang, Weijie Ma, Nan Li, Xiaocong Lian, Letian Zhu, Si Sun, Chen Chen, and Yongsan Zeng
• Chapter 26: Factors affecting seed production and viability in threatened species of Encephalartos: Comparative tests of pollen viability and synchrony with pollination drop formation in E. latifrons Lehm. and E. altensteinii Lehm. / Phakamani Xaba and John S. Donaldson
• Pollination biology
• Chapter 27: Thermogenesis patterns in selected Cycas species / Irene Terry, Claudia Calonje, Michael A. Colonje, and Thomas E. Marler
• Chapter 28: Reproductive phenology of Zamia L.: A comparison between wild cycads and their cultivated counterparts / James A.R. Clugston, M. Patrick Griffith, Gregory J. Kenicer, Chad E. Husby, Michael A. Calonje, Damon P. Little, and Dennis Wm. Stevenson
• Chapter 29: An overview of the role of cone volatiles in the pollination ecology of Encephalartos Lehm. / Terence N. Suinyuy, John S. Donaldson, and Steven D. Johnson
• Chapter 30: Heat production in male cones of seven Asian Cycas species (Cycadales) / William Tang
• Chapter 31: Season and frequency of Cycas micronesica leaf and reproductive events / Nirmala Dongol and Thomas E. Marler
• Systematics
• Chapter 32: Studies of the conservation process and taxonomy of Cycas baiseensis and Cycas debaoensis / Yu-Yuan Huang
• Chapter 33: Scouting the Philippine Islands for Cycas / Thomas E. Marler and Anders J. Lindström
• Chapter 34: Novel species of Cycas (Cycadaceae) from Midanao Island, Philippines / Esperanza Meribel G. Agoo, Domingo A. Madulid, and John Rey Callado
• Chapter 35: The World List of Cycads / Dennis Wm. Stevenson, Leonie Stanberg, and Michael A. Calonje
• Scientifc name index
• Subject index.

Ancient in origin and once widespread on Earth, today cycads comprise few living survivors in limited distributions in the tropics and subtropics. A study of these extant members and the cycad fossil record dating back to over 250 million years ago has revealed that cycads have remained relatively unchanged throughout their long history. Indeed, cycads are the sister group to all other extant seed groups, and an understanding of their evolution can shed light on the evolution of all modern plants. This volume, consisting of 34 papers, reports the work of 100 delegates from 15 different countries ― including 50 cycad experts from China ― who convened in Shenzhen, China, for the 9th International Conference on Cycad Biology (Cycad 2011). The Conference covered eight main study areas: Genetics and Genomics, Conservation, Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Ecology, Horticulture, Toxicology, Economic Botany, and Information Management. Central to the Conference was the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)/Special Survival Commission (SSC)―Cycad Specialist Group, which met to update information on cycads on the Red List for 2011.

As one of the premier plant collectors in North America during the late nineteenth century, the work of Cyrus Guernsey Pringle (1838-1911) was, and remains, outstanding. Far from emerging from nowhere, his illustrious career grew over the span of a decade from his earlier work in horticulture. This book first considers those years, including Pringle's contributions to three scientific efforts of national scope--the 1876 Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition, the 1880 census of American forests, and the Jesup Collection of North American Woods--in detail. Each opportunity was critical not only to his developing expertise in field botany, but to expanding his network of scientific colleagues. From that point forward, this volume is devoted to documenting the travels and discoveries Pringle made in the western United States and northwestern Mexico--the Pacific Slope--between 1881 and 1884. His itinerary is recorded by more than 2700 plant specimens, supplemented by contemporary accounts, correspondence among more than twenty of his friends and other scientists, as well as other primary sources. Illustrations are carefully chosen to represent the places, the plants, and this time period that was formative both for Pringle and for American botany; among them is a never before published series of photographs that Pringle took himself in 1884 in the deserts of Arizona and Sonora. Complementing this story are appendices listing the plant species and specimens that Pringle collected, along with a series of historical maps showing the routes and localities that he visited. The circumstances of Pringle's early life, the professional opportunities that he enjoyed, and the very timing of his work created a trajectory not common to other collectors. Pringle was not given to self-promotion, however, and was reluctant to publish autobiographical accounts or even to record his travels for posterity. While his later work in Mexico is best known, the story of Pringle's early career and all that he accomplished in the western states has not been written before now. This is a book that Pringle could have published had he chosen to, but one that benefits from the perspective of more than a century since his work in the region.--Back cover.

• Introduction
• Early records
• The plantation
• The war years
• John Fraser and his herbarium
• The Flora Caroliniana
• Walter's botanical library
• The Thomas Walter typification project
• The inventory. Part one: Thomas Walter's new plant names. Part two: Other plant names used by Thomas Walter
• Eponyms
• Unresolved issues
• Epilogue and acknowledgements
• Thomas Walter bibliography
• Plant name index.

This is the story of Thomas Walter, pioneer owner of a rice plantation on the Santee River, South Carolina, and of the plants that he knew and named. In the 1780s, with the American Revolution a recent memory, Thomas Walter, an Englishman by birth, gained title to a large plantation in Berkeley County, South Carolina, on the south bank and bottomlands of the Santee River, inland from the seaport city of Charleston. There he lived for the remainder of his busy life, raising rice, involving himself in the politics and business affairs of his agricultural community, and yet finding time to study the works of the great Swedish botanist, Carl Linnaeus, and to prepare a similar tabulation of the Carolina plants he found around him. Many of these plants Walter believed to be new to science; to document his findings he gave them binomial names and brief Latin descriptions. Walter’s Flora Caroliniana published in 1788, was the first flora written in America that used Linnaeus’ classification system and binomial nomenclature. Of these plants, a large proportion were indeed unknown to European botanists, and the names Walter gave them are used even today as the unambiguous scientific designations for many important American plants. [This book records] what can be said about Thomas Walter and his botanical achievements. This will be done in two parts. First, his life history is here reported and placed in context with the early Carolina political and agricultural world in which he lived. Second, a tabulation is provided of Walter’s scientific work, of the many plants he discovered in the Carolinas, and of the taxonomic value of these names to the modern world.--Introduction.

The Acanthaceae are among the 10 or so most taxonomically diverse families of flowering plants. Taxonomically, northern regions of the Neotropics including Mexico and much of Central America have been studied to a greater degree than have more southerly regions of the Neotropics including most of South America. In particular, the Acanthaceae biotas of Venezuela and Colombia are believed to be particularly rich as well as home to numerous endemics. Recent fieldwork by the authors in both countries has yielded some of the first targeted, modern collections of the family since the mid-twentieth century and has made possible a focused taxonomic study of Ruellia—the second most species-rich genus of Neotropical Acanthaceae. The present study contributes a taxonomic revision of the 29 species of Venezuelan Ruellia, including in-depth assessments of type material for all names, new typifications, extensive discussion of taxonomy, biogeography, and ecology of species; field photographs of species and habitats and botanical illustrations of species not previously illustrated; International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) conservation assessments (for the 13 endemic species only); ArcGIS-based maps showing geographical distributions as well as protected areas; and dichotomous keys to facilitate identification of all 29 species. Most collections of Ruellia derive from regions of Venezuela not currently contained within a protected area. Of the 13 endemics, three were assessed as Critically Endangered, five as Endangered, two as Vulnerable, one as Near Threatened, one as Data Deficient, and one as Extinct. Thus, all but four are at severe risk of extinction in the wild, highlighting the growing crisis around habitat destruction in the Neotropics.

The Erpodiaceae (Bryophyta) is a family of very small to small, pleurocarpous mosses most closely related to the Orthotrichaceae. Mosses in the Erpodiaceae are found mainly in drier areas of the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Five genera are recognized in this study--Aulacopilum (2 species, 3 subspecies), Erpodium (2 species), Solmsiella (2 species), Tricherpodium (1 species, 2 subspecies), and Venturiella (8 species, 7 subspecies). This study is primarily morphologically based. The genera and species within each genus are arranged alphabetically. Keys are provided to the genera, sections, species, and subspecies. All genera, sections, species, and subspecies are described; illustrations and distribution maps are provided for each species and subspecies. The book includes twenty nomenclatural novelties.

• Morphological misfits and character evolution in monocots, with particular reference to Pandanales / Paula J. Rudall
• Comparative labellar micro-morphology of Mormolyca (Maxillariinae: Orchidaceae) / Rafael Arévalo, Barbara S. Carlsward, Galen Bergquist, and Kenneth M. Cameron
• Tepal apex trichomes, specialized bud closure structures and their systematic value in Asparagales / Terry D. Macfarlane and John G. Conran
• Anatomical evidence of the meristematic activity of the endodermis and pericycle in the primary thickening of Xyris L. (Xyridaceae) / Graziela Cury, Karen L. M. Sasaki, and Nanuza L. De Menezes
• Adaptive evolution of the chloroplast genome in the submersed monocotyledon Najas (Hydrocharitaceae) / Ursula M. King, Donald H. Les, Elena L. Peredo, and Lori K. Benoit
• Pogoniopsis is an epidendroid orchid that has been misclassified in subfamily Vanilloideae (Orchidaceae) / Kenneth M. Cameron and Cassio Van Den Berg
• Orchid taxonomy on a global scale: a network for data verification / Franco Pupulin
• Biodiversity and distribution of Iridaceae in Italy / Maretta Colasante
• Comparative biology of aloes and related genera in the context of recent phylogenetic evidence / Olwen M. Grace and Nina Ronsted
• A first look at diversification of Beaksedges (tribe Rhynchosporeae: Cyperaceae) in habitat, pollination, and photosynthetic features / Christopher E. Buddenhagen, W. Wayt Thomas, and Austin R. Mast
• A molecular phylogeny of the subtribe Sporobolinae and a classification of the subfamily Chloridoideae (Poaceae) / Paul M. Peterson, Konstantin Romaschenko, Yolanda Herrera Arrieta, and Jeffery M. Saarela
• Endemism and the importance of intensive collections efforts for a taxonomic revision of Dichorisandra 1. C. Mikan, Commelinaceae (Commelinales) / L. Y. S. Aona and M. C. E. Amaral.

The Fifth International Conference on the Comparative Biology of Monocotyledons (Monocots V) convened in New York City in June 2013, marking the 20th anniversary of the conference series. The New York Botanical Garden (Bronx) hosted Monocots V, also using facilities of the adjacent, beautiful Fordham University Rose Hill campus. Over 330 participants, including about 80 students, represented 37 countries. Twenty-two symposia covered a wide array of taxonomic groups and subjects, such as life history strategies, morphology, paleobiology, phylogenomics, and reproductive biology. This volume of proceedings from Monocots V comprises 12 papers from 24 contributing authors. Monocot groups represented include Asparagales, Pandanales, Poales, Commelinaceae, and Hydrocharitaceae. Among the volume's dozen papers is the Conference's plenary lecture by Paula J. Rudall (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew), "Morphological misfits and character evolution in monocots, with particular reference to Pandanales.